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[kvmfornfv.git] / kernel / fs / jbd2 / journal.c

/*
 * linux/fs/jbd2/journal.c
 *
 * Written by Stephen C. Tweedie <sct@redhat.com>, 1998
 *
 * Copyright 1998 Red Hat corp --- All Rights Reserved
 *
 * This file is part of the Linux kernel and is made available under
 * the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2, or at your
 * option, any later version, incorporated herein by reference.
 *
 * Generic filesystem journal-writing code; part of the ext2fs
 * journaling system.
 *
 * This file manages journals: areas of disk reserved for logging
 * transactional updates.  This includes the kernel journaling thread
 * which is responsible for scheduling updates to the log.
 *
 * We do not actually manage the physical storage of the journal in this
 * file: that is left to a per-journal policy function, which allows us
 * to store the journal within a filesystem-specified area for ext2
 * journaling (ext2 can use a reserved inode for storing the log).
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/jbd2.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/freezer.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/kthread.h>
#include <linux/poison.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/math64.h>
#include <linux/hash.h>
#include <linux/log2.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/ratelimit.h>

#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/jbd2.h>

#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/page.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
ushort jbd2_journal_enable_debug __read_mostly;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_enable_debug);

module_param_named(jbd2_debug, jbd2_journal_enable_debug, ushort, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(jbd2_debug, "Debugging level for jbd2");
#endif

EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_extend);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_stop);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_lock_updates);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_unlock_updates);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_get_write_access);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_get_create_access);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_get_undo_access);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_set_triggers);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_dirty_metadata);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_forget);
#if 0
EXPORT_SYMBOL(journal_sync_buffer);
#endif
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_flush);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_revoke);

EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_init_dev);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_init_inode);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_check_used_features);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_check_available_features);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_set_features);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_load);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_destroy);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_abort);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_errno);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_ack_err);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_clear_err);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_log_wait_commit);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_log_start_commit);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_start_commit);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_force_commit_nested);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_wipe);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_blocks_per_page);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_invalidatepage);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_try_to_free_buffers);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_force_commit);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_file_inode);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_release_jbd_inode);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_begin_ordered_truncate);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_inode_cache);

static void __journal_abort_soft (journal_t *journal, int errno);
static int jbd2_journal_create_slab(size_t slab_size);

#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
void __jbd2_debug(int level, const char *file, const char *func,
                  unsigned int line, const char *fmt, ...)
{
        struct va_format vaf;
        va_list args;

        if (level > jbd2_journal_enable_debug)
                return;
        va_start(args, fmt);
        vaf.fmt = fmt;
        vaf.va = &args;
        printk(KERN_DEBUG "%s: (%s, %u): %pV\n", file, func, line, &vaf);
        va_end(args);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__jbd2_debug);
#endif

/* Checksumming functions */
static int jbd2_verify_csum_type(journal_t *j, journal_superblock_t *sb)
{
        if (!jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3_feature(j))
                return 1;

        return sb->s_checksum_type == JBD2_CRC32C_CHKSUM;
}

static __be32 jbd2_superblock_csum(journal_t *j, journal_superblock_t *sb)
{
        __u32 csum;
        __be32 old_csum;

        old_csum = sb->s_checksum;
        sb->s_checksum = 0;
        csum = jbd2_chksum(j, ~0, (char *)sb, sizeof(journal_superblock_t));
        sb->s_checksum = old_csum;

        return cpu_to_be32(csum);
}

static int jbd2_superblock_csum_verify(journal_t *j, journal_superblock_t *sb)
{
        if (!jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(j))
                return 1;

        return sb->s_checksum == jbd2_superblock_csum(j, sb);
}

static void jbd2_superblock_csum_set(journal_t *j, journal_superblock_t *sb)
{
        if (!jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(j))
                return;

        sb->s_checksum = jbd2_superblock_csum(j, sb);
}

/*
 * Helper function used to manage commit timeouts
 */

static void commit_timeout(unsigned long __data)
{
        struct task_struct * p = (struct task_struct *) __data;

        wake_up_process(p);
}

/*
 * kjournald2: The main thread function used to manage a logging device
 * journal.
 *
 * This kernel thread is responsible for two things:
 *
 * 1) COMMIT:  Every so often we need to commit the current state of the
 *    filesystem to disk.  The journal thread is responsible for writing
 *    all of the metadata buffers to disk.
 *
 * 2) CHECKPOINT: We cannot reuse a used section of the log file until all
 *    of the data in that part of the log has been rewritten elsewhere on
 *    the disk.  Flushing these old buffers to reclaim space in the log is
 *    known as checkpointing, and this thread is responsible for that job.
 */

static int kjournald2(void *arg)
{
        journal_t *journal = arg;
        transaction_t *transaction;

        /*
         * Set up an interval timer which can be used to trigger a commit wakeup
         * after the commit interval expires
         */
        setup_timer(&journal->j_commit_timer, commit_timeout,
                        (unsigned long)current);

        set_freezable();

        /* Record that the journal thread is running */
        journal->j_task = current;
        wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);

        /*
         * And now, wait forever for commit wakeup events.
         */
        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);

loop:
        if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_UNMOUNT)
                goto end_loop;

        jbd_debug(1, "commit_sequence=%d, commit_request=%d\n",
                journal->j_commit_sequence, journal->j_commit_request);

        if (journal->j_commit_sequence != journal->j_commit_request) {
                jbd_debug(1, "OK, requests differ\n");
                write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                del_timer_sync(&journal->j_commit_timer);
                jbd2_journal_commit_transaction(journal);
                write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                goto loop;
        }

        wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
        if (freezing(current)) {
                /*
                 * The simpler the better. Flushing journal isn't a
                 * good idea, because that depends on threads that may
                 * be already stopped.
                 */
                jbd_debug(1, "Now suspending kjournald2\n");
                write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                try_to_freeze();
                write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        } else {
                /*
                 * We assume on resume that commits are already there,
                 * so we don't sleep
                 */
                DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
                int should_sleep = 1;

                prepare_to_wait(&journal->j_wait_commit, &wait,
                                TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
                if (journal->j_commit_sequence != journal->j_commit_request)
                        should_sleep = 0;
                transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
                if (transaction && time_after_eq(jiffies,
                                                transaction->t_expires))
                        should_sleep = 0;
                if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_UNMOUNT)
                        should_sleep = 0;
                if (should_sleep) {
                        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                        schedule();
                        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                }
                finish_wait(&journal->j_wait_commit, &wait);
        }

        jbd_debug(1, "kjournald2 wakes\n");

        /*
         * Were we woken up by a commit wakeup event?
         */
        transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
        if (transaction && time_after_eq(jiffies, transaction->t_expires)) {
                journal->j_commit_request = transaction->t_tid;
                jbd_debug(1, "woke because of timeout\n");
        }
        goto loop;

end_loop:
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        del_timer_sync(&journal->j_commit_timer);
        journal->j_task = NULL;
        wake_up(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
        jbd_debug(1, "Journal thread exiting.\n");
        return 0;
}

static int jbd2_journal_start_thread(journal_t *journal)
{
        struct task_struct *t;

        t = kthread_run(kjournald2, journal, "jbd2/%s",
                        journal->j_devname);
        if (IS_ERR(t))
                return PTR_ERR(t);

        wait_event(journal->j_wait_done_commit, journal->j_task != NULL);
        return 0;
}

static void journal_kill_thread(journal_t *journal)
{
        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        journal->j_flags |= JBD2_UNMOUNT;

        while (journal->j_task) {
                write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                wake_up(&journal->j_wait_commit);
                wait_event(journal->j_wait_done_commit, journal->j_task == NULL);
                write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        }
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
}

/*
 * jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer: write a metadata buffer to the journal.
 *
 * Writes a metadata buffer to a given disk block.  The actual IO is not
 * performed but a new buffer_head is constructed which labels the data
 * to be written with the correct destination disk block.
 *
 * Any magic-number escaping which needs to be done will cause a
 * copy-out here.  If the buffer happens to start with the
 * JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER, then we can't write it to the log directly: the
 * magic number is only written to the log for descripter blocks.  In
 * this case, we copy the data and replace the first word with 0, and we
 * return a result code which indicates that this buffer needs to be
 * marked as an escaped buffer in the corresponding log descriptor
 * block.  The missing word can then be restored when the block is read
 * during recovery.
 *
 * If the source buffer has already been modified by a new transaction
 * since we took the last commit snapshot, we use the frozen copy of
 * that data for IO. If we end up using the existing buffer_head's data
 * for the write, then we have to make sure nobody modifies it while the
 * IO is in progress. do_get_write_access() handles this.
 *
 * The function returns a pointer to the buffer_head to be used for IO.
 * 
 *
 * Return value:
 *  <0: Error
 * >=0: Finished OK
 *
 * On success:
 * Bit 0 set == escape performed on the data
 * Bit 1 set == buffer copy-out performed (kfree the data after IO)
 */

int jbd2_journal_write_metadata_buffer(transaction_t *transaction,
                                  struct journal_head  *jh_in,
                                  struct buffer_head **bh_out,
                                  sector_t blocknr)
{
        int need_copy_out = 0;
        int done_copy_out = 0;
        int do_escape = 0;
        char *mapped_data;
        struct buffer_head *new_bh;
        struct page *new_page;
        unsigned int new_offset;
        struct buffer_head *bh_in = jh2bh(jh_in);
        journal_t *journal = transaction->t_journal;

        /*
         * The buffer really shouldn't be locked: only the current committing
         * transaction is allowed to write it, so nobody else is allowed
         * to do any IO.
         *
         * akpm: except if we're journalling data, and write() output is
         * also part of a shared mapping, and another thread has
         * decided to launch a writepage() against this buffer.
         */
        J_ASSERT_BH(bh_in, buffer_jbddirty(bh_in));

        new_bh = alloc_buffer_head(GFP_NOFS|__GFP_NOFAIL);

        /* keep subsequent assertions sane */
        atomic_set(&new_bh->b_count, 1);

        jbd_lock_bh_state(bh_in);
repeat:
        /*
         * If a new transaction has already done a buffer copy-out, then
         * we use that version of the data for the commit.
         */
        if (jh_in->b_frozen_data) {
                done_copy_out = 1;
                new_page = virt_to_page(jh_in->b_frozen_data);
                new_offset = offset_in_page(jh_in->b_frozen_data);
        } else {
                new_page = jh2bh(jh_in)->b_page;
                new_offset = offset_in_page(jh2bh(jh_in)->b_data);
        }

        mapped_data = kmap_atomic(new_page);
        /*
         * Fire data frozen trigger if data already wasn't frozen.  Do this
         * before checking for escaping, as the trigger may modify the magic
         * offset.  If a copy-out happens afterwards, it will have the correct
         * data in the buffer.
         */
        if (!done_copy_out)
                jbd2_buffer_frozen_trigger(jh_in, mapped_data + new_offset,
                                           jh_in->b_triggers);

        /*
         * Check for escaping
         */
        if (*((__be32 *)(mapped_data + new_offset)) ==
                                cpu_to_be32(JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER)) {
                need_copy_out = 1;
                do_escape = 1;
        }
        kunmap_atomic(mapped_data);

        /*
         * Do we need to do a data copy?
         */
        if (need_copy_out && !done_copy_out) {
                char *tmp;

                jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh_in);
                tmp = jbd2_alloc(bh_in->b_size, GFP_NOFS);
                if (!tmp) {
                        brelse(new_bh);
                        return -ENOMEM;
                }
                jbd_lock_bh_state(bh_in);
                if (jh_in->b_frozen_data) {
                        jbd2_free(tmp, bh_in->b_size);
                        goto repeat;
                }

                jh_in->b_frozen_data = tmp;
                mapped_data = kmap_atomic(new_page);
                memcpy(tmp, mapped_data + new_offset, bh_in->b_size);
                kunmap_atomic(mapped_data);

                new_page = virt_to_page(tmp);
                new_offset = offset_in_page(tmp);
                done_copy_out = 1;

                /*
                 * This isn't strictly necessary, as we're using frozen
                 * data for the escaping, but it keeps consistency with
                 * b_frozen_data usage.
                 */
                jh_in->b_frozen_triggers = jh_in->b_triggers;
        }

        /*
         * Did we need to do an escaping?  Now we've done all the
         * copying, we can finally do so.
         */
        if (do_escape) {
                mapped_data = kmap_atomic(new_page);
                *((unsigned int *)(mapped_data + new_offset)) = 0;
                kunmap_atomic(mapped_data);
        }

        set_bh_page(new_bh, new_page, new_offset);
        new_bh->b_size = bh_in->b_size;
        new_bh->b_bdev = journal->j_dev;
        new_bh->b_blocknr = blocknr;
        new_bh->b_private = bh_in;
        set_buffer_mapped(new_bh);
        set_buffer_dirty(new_bh);

        *bh_out = new_bh;

        /*
         * The to-be-written buffer needs to get moved to the io queue,
         * and the original buffer whose contents we are shadowing or
         * copying is moved to the transaction's shadow queue.
         */
        JBUFFER_TRACE(jh_in, "file as BJ_Shadow");
        spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
        __jbd2_journal_file_buffer(jh_in, transaction, BJ_Shadow);
        spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
        set_buffer_shadow(bh_in);
        jbd_unlock_bh_state(bh_in);

        return do_escape | (done_copy_out << 1);
}

/*
 * Allocation code for the journal file.  Manage the space left in the
 * journal, so that we can begin checkpointing when appropriate.
 */

/*
 * Called with j_state_lock locked for writing.
 * Returns true if a transaction commit was started.
 */
int __jbd2_log_start_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t target)
{
        /* Return if the txn has already requested to be committed */
        if (journal->j_commit_request == target)
                return 0;

        /*
         * The only transaction we can possibly wait upon is the
         * currently running transaction (if it exists).  Otherwise,
         * the target tid must be an old one.
         */
        if (journal->j_running_transaction &&
            journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid == target) {
                /*
                 * We want a new commit: OK, mark the request and wakeup the
                 * commit thread.  We do _not_ do the commit ourselves.
                 */

                journal->j_commit_request = target;
                jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: requesting commit %d/%d\n",
                          journal->j_commit_request,
                          journal->j_commit_sequence);
                journal->j_running_transaction->t_requested = jiffies;
                wake_up(&journal->j_wait_commit);
                return 1;
        } else if (!tid_geq(journal->j_commit_request, target))
                /* This should never happen, but if it does, preserve
                   the evidence before kjournald goes into a loop and
                   increments j_commit_sequence beyond all recognition. */
                WARN_ONCE(1, "JBD2: bad log_start_commit: %u %u %u %u\n",
                          journal->j_commit_request,
                          journal->j_commit_sequence,
                          target, journal->j_running_transaction ? 
                          journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid : 0);
        return 0;
}

int jbd2_log_start_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
{
        int ret;

        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        ret = __jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, tid);
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Force and wait any uncommitted transactions.  We can only force the running
 * transaction if we don't have an active handle, otherwise, we will deadlock.
 * Returns: <0 in case of error,
 *           0 if nothing to commit,
 *           1 if transaction was successfully committed.
 */
static int __jbd2_journal_force_commit(journal_t *journal)
{
        transaction_t *transaction = NULL;
        tid_t tid;
        int need_to_start = 0, ret = 0;

        read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        if (journal->j_running_transaction && !current->journal_info) {
                transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
                if (!tid_geq(journal->j_commit_request, transaction->t_tid))
                        need_to_start = 1;
        } else if (journal->j_committing_transaction)
                transaction = journal->j_committing_transaction;

        if (!transaction) {
                /* Nothing to commit */
                read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                return 0;
        }
        tid = transaction->t_tid;
        read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        if (need_to_start)
                jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, tid);
        ret = jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal, tid);
        if (!ret)
                ret = 1;

        return ret;
}

/**
 * Force and wait upon a commit if the calling process is not within
 * transaction.  This is used for forcing out undo-protected data which contains
 * bitmaps, when the fs is running out of space.
 *
 * @journal: journal to force
 * Returns true if progress was made.
 */
int jbd2_journal_force_commit_nested(journal_t *journal)
{
        int ret;

        ret = __jbd2_journal_force_commit(journal);
        return ret > 0;
}

/**
 * int journal_force_commit() - force any uncommitted transactions
 * @journal: journal to force
 *
 * Caller want unconditional commit. We can only force the running transaction
 * if we don't have an active handle, otherwise, we will deadlock.
 */
int jbd2_journal_force_commit(journal_t *journal)
{
        int ret;

        J_ASSERT(!current->journal_info);
        ret = __jbd2_journal_force_commit(journal);
        if (ret > 0)
                ret = 0;
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Start a commit of the current running transaction (if any).  Returns true
 * if a transaction is going to be committed (or is currently already
 * committing), and fills its tid in at *ptid
 */
int jbd2_journal_start_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t *ptid)
{
        int ret = 0;

        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        if (journal->j_running_transaction) {
                tid_t tid = journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid;

                __jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, tid);
                /* There's a running transaction and we've just made sure
                 * it's commit has been scheduled. */
                if (ptid)
                        *ptid = tid;
                ret = 1;
        } else if (journal->j_committing_transaction) {
                /*
                 * If commit has been started, then we have to wait for
                 * completion of that transaction.
                 */
                if (ptid)
                        *ptid = journal->j_committing_transaction->t_tid;
                ret = 1;
        }
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        return ret;
}

/*
 * Return 1 if a given transaction has not yet sent barrier request
 * connected with a transaction commit. If 0 is returned, transaction
 * may or may not have sent the barrier. Used to avoid sending barrier
 * twice in common cases.
 */
int jbd2_trans_will_send_data_barrier(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
{
        int ret = 0;
        transaction_t *commit_trans;

        if (!(journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER))
                return 0;
        read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        /* Transaction already committed? */
        if (tid_geq(journal->j_commit_sequence, tid))
                goto out;
        commit_trans = journal->j_committing_transaction;
        if (!commit_trans || commit_trans->t_tid != tid) {
                ret = 1;
                goto out;
        }
        /*
         * Transaction is being committed and we already proceeded to
         * submitting a flush to fs partition?
         */
        if (journal->j_fs_dev != journal->j_dev) {
                if (!commit_trans->t_need_data_flush ||
                    commit_trans->t_state >= T_COMMIT_DFLUSH)
                        goto out;
        } else {
                if (commit_trans->t_state >= T_COMMIT_JFLUSH)
                        goto out;
        }
        ret = 1;
out:
        read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_trans_will_send_data_barrier);

/*
 * Wait for a specified commit to complete.
 * The caller may not hold the journal lock.
 */
int jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
{
        int err = 0;

        read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
        if (!tid_geq(journal->j_commit_request, tid)) {
                printk(KERN_ERR
                       "%s: error: j_commit_request=%d, tid=%d\n",
                       __func__, journal->j_commit_request, tid);
        }
#endif
        while (tid_gt(tid, journal->j_commit_sequence)) {
                jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: want %d, j_commit_sequence=%d\n",
                                  tid, journal->j_commit_sequence);
                read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                wake_up(&journal->j_wait_commit);
                wait_event(journal->j_wait_done_commit,
                                !tid_gt(tid, journal->j_commit_sequence));
                read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        }
        read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

        if (unlikely(is_journal_aborted(journal)))
                err = -EIO;
        return err;
}

/*
 * When this function returns the transaction corresponding to tid
 * will be completed.  If the transaction has currently running, start
 * committing that transaction before waiting for it to complete.  If
 * the transaction id is stale, it is by definition already completed,
 * so just return SUCCESS.
 */
int jbd2_complete_transaction(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid)
{
        int     need_to_wait = 1;

        read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        if (journal->j_running_transaction &&
            journal->j_running_transaction->t_tid == tid) {
                if (journal->j_commit_request != tid) {
                        /* transaction not yet started, so request it */
                        read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                        jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, tid);
                        goto wait_commit;
                }
        } else if (!(journal->j_committing_transaction &&
                     journal->j_committing_transaction->t_tid == tid))
                need_to_wait = 0;
        read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        if (!need_to_wait)
                return 0;
wait_commit:
        return jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal, tid);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_complete_transaction);

/*
 * Log buffer allocation routines:
 */

int jbd2_journal_next_log_block(journal_t *journal, unsigned long long *retp)
{
        unsigned long blocknr;

        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        J_ASSERT(journal->j_free > 1);

        blocknr = journal->j_head;
        journal->j_head++;
        journal->j_free--;
        if (journal->j_head == journal->j_last)
                journal->j_head = journal->j_first;
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        return jbd2_journal_bmap(journal, blocknr, retp);
}

/*
 * Conversion of logical to physical block numbers for the journal
 *
 * On external journals the journal blocks are identity-mapped, so
 * this is a no-op.  If needed, we can use j_blk_offset - everything is
 * ready.
 */
int jbd2_journal_bmap(journal_t *journal, unsigned long blocknr,
                 unsigned long long *retp)
{
        int err = 0;
        unsigned long long ret;

        if (journal->j_inode) {
                ret = bmap(journal->j_inode, blocknr);
                if (ret)
                        *retp = ret;
                else {
                        printk(KERN_ALERT "%s: journal block not found "
                                        "at offset %lu on %s\n",
                               __func__, blocknr, journal->j_devname);
                        err = -EIO;
                        __journal_abort_soft(journal, err);
                }
        } else {
                *retp = blocknr; /* +journal->j_blk_offset */
        }
        return err;
}

/*
 * We play buffer_head aliasing tricks to write data/metadata blocks to
 * the journal without copying their contents, but for journal
 * descriptor blocks we do need to generate bona fide buffers.
 *
 * After the caller of jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer() has finished modifying
 * the buffer's contents they really should run flush_dcache_page(bh->b_page).
 * But we don't bother doing that, so there will be coherency problems with
 * mmaps of blockdevs which hold live JBD-controlled filesystems.
 */
struct buffer_head *jbd2_journal_get_descriptor_buffer(journal_t *journal)
{
        struct buffer_head *bh;
        unsigned long long blocknr;
        int err;

        err = jbd2_journal_next_log_block(journal, &blocknr);

        if (err)
                return NULL;

        bh = __getblk(journal->j_dev, blocknr, journal->j_blocksize);
        if (!bh)
                return NULL;
        lock_buffer(bh);
        memset(bh->b_data, 0, journal->j_blocksize);
        set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
        unlock_buffer(bh);
        BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "return this buffer");
        return bh;
}

/*
 * Return tid of the oldest transaction in the journal and block in the journal
 * where the transaction starts.
 *
 * If the journal is now empty, return which will be the next transaction ID
 * we will write and where will that transaction start.
 *
 * The return value is 0 if journal tail cannot be pushed any further, 1 if
 * it can.
 */
int jbd2_journal_get_log_tail(journal_t *journal, tid_t *tid,
                              unsigned long *block)
{
        transaction_t *transaction;
        int ret;

        read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
        transaction = journal->j_checkpoint_transactions;
        if (transaction) {
                *tid = transaction->t_tid;
                *block = transaction->t_log_start;
        } else if ((transaction = journal->j_committing_transaction) != NULL) {
                *tid = transaction->t_tid;
                *block = transaction->t_log_start;
        } else if ((transaction = journal->j_running_transaction) != NULL) {
                *tid = transaction->t_tid;
                *block = journal->j_head;
        } else {
                *tid = journal->j_transaction_sequence;
                *block = journal->j_head;
        }
        ret = tid_gt(*tid, journal->j_tail_sequence);
        spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
        read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

        return ret;
}

/*
 * Update information in journal structure and in on disk journal superblock
 * about log tail. This function does not check whether information passed in
 * really pushes log tail further. It's responsibility of the caller to make
 * sure provided log tail information is valid (e.g. by holding
 * j_checkpoint_mutex all the time between computing log tail and calling this
 * function as is the case with jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail()).
 *
 * Requires j_checkpoint_mutex
 */
int __jbd2_update_log_tail(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid, unsigned long block)
{
        unsigned long freed;
        int ret;

        BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex));

        /*
         * We cannot afford for write to remain in drive's caches since as
         * soon as we update j_tail, next transaction can start reusing journal
         * space and if we lose sb update during power failure we'd replay
         * old transaction with possibly newly overwritten data.
         */
        ret = jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail(journal, tid, block, WRITE_FUA);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        freed = block - journal->j_tail;
        if (block < journal->j_tail)
                freed += journal->j_last - journal->j_first;

        trace_jbd2_update_log_tail(journal, tid, block, freed);
        jbd_debug(1,
                  "Cleaning journal tail from %d to %d (offset %lu), "
                  "freeing %lu\n",
                  journal->j_tail_sequence, tid, block, freed);

        journal->j_free += freed;
        journal->j_tail_sequence = tid;
        journal->j_tail = block;
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

out:
        return ret;
}

/*
 * This is a variaon of __jbd2_update_log_tail which checks for validity of
 * provided log tail and locks j_checkpoint_mutex. So it is safe against races
 * with other threads updating log tail.
 */
void jbd2_update_log_tail(journal_t *journal, tid_t tid, unsigned long block)
{
        mutex_lock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
        if (tid_gt(tid, journal->j_tail_sequence))
                __jbd2_update_log_tail(journal, tid, block);
        mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
}

struct jbd2_stats_proc_session {
        journal_t *journal;
        struct transaction_stats_s *stats;
        int start;
        int max;
};

static void *jbd2_seq_info_start(struct seq_file *seq, loff_t *pos)
{
        return *pos ? NULL : SEQ_START_TOKEN;
}

static void *jbd2_seq_info_next(struct seq_file *seq, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{
        return NULL;
}

static int jbd2_seq_info_show(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
        struct jbd2_stats_proc_session *s = seq->private;

        if (v != SEQ_START_TOKEN)
                return 0;
        seq_printf(seq, "%lu transactions (%lu requested), "
                   "each up to %u blocks\n",
                   s->stats->ts_tid, s->stats->ts_requested,
                   s->journal->j_max_transaction_buffers);
        if (s->stats->ts_tid == 0)
                return 0;
        seq_printf(seq, "average: \n  %ums waiting for transaction\n",
            jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_wait / s->stats->ts_tid));
        seq_printf(seq, "  %ums request delay\n",
            (s->stats->ts_requested == 0) ? 0 :
            jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_request_delay /
                             s->stats->ts_requested));
        seq_printf(seq, "  %ums running transaction\n",
            jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_running / s->stats->ts_tid));
        seq_printf(seq, "  %ums transaction was being locked\n",
            jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_locked / s->stats->ts_tid));
        seq_printf(seq, "  %ums flushing data (in ordered mode)\n",
            jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_flushing / s->stats->ts_tid));
        seq_printf(seq, "  %ums logging transaction\n",
            jiffies_to_msecs(s->stats->run.rs_logging / s->stats->ts_tid));
        seq_printf(seq, "  %lluus average transaction commit time\n",
                   div_u64(s->journal->j_average_commit_time, 1000));
        seq_printf(seq, "  %lu handles per transaction\n",
            s->stats->run.rs_handle_count / s->stats->ts_tid);
        seq_printf(seq, "  %lu blocks per transaction\n",
            s->stats->run.rs_blocks / s->stats->ts_tid);
        seq_printf(seq, "  %lu logged blocks per transaction\n",
            s->stats->run.rs_blocks_logged / s->stats->ts_tid);
        return 0;
}

static void jbd2_seq_info_stop(struct seq_file *seq, void *v)
{
}

static const struct seq_operations jbd2_seq_info_ops = {
        .start  = jbd2_seq_info_start,
        .next   = jbd2_seq_info_next,
        .stop   = jbd2_seq_info_stop,
        .show   = jbd2_seq_info_show,
};

static int jbd2_seq_info_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        journal_t *journal = PDE_DATA(inode);
        struct jbd2_stats_proc_session *s;
        int rc, size;

        s = kmalloc(sizeof(*s), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (s == NULL)
                return -ENOMEM;
        size = sizeof(struct transaction_stats_s);
        s->stats = kmalloc(size, GFP_KERNEL);
        if (s->stats == NULL) {
                kfree(s);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        spin_lock(&journal->j_history_lock);
        memcpy(s->stats, &journal->j_stats, size);
        s->journal = journal;
        spin_unlock(&journal->j_history_lock);

        rc = seq_open(file, &jbd2_seq_info_ops);
        if (rc == 0) {
                struct seq_file *m = file->private_data;
                m->private = s;
        } else {
                kfree(s->stats);
                kfree(s);
        }
        return rc;

}

static int jbd2_seq_info_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
        struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
        struct jbd2_stats_proc_session *s = seq->private;
        kfree(s->stats);
        kfree(s);
        return seq_release(inode, file);
}

static const struct file_operations jbd2_seq_info_fops = {
        .owner          = THIS_MODULE,
        .open           = jbd2_seq_info_open,
        .read           = seq_read,
        .llseek         = seq_lseek,
        .release        = jbd2_seq_info_release,
};

static struct proc_dir_entry *proc_jbd2_stats;

static void jbd2_stats_proc_init(journal_t *journal)
{
        journal->j_proc_entry = proc_mkdir(journal->j_devname, proc_jbd2_stats);
        if (journal->j_proc_entry) {
                proc_create_data("info", S_IRUGO, journal->j_proc_entry,
                                 &jbd2_seq_info_fops, journal);
        }
}

static void jbd2_stats_proc_exit(journal_t *journal)
{
        remove_proc_entry("info", journal->j_proc_entry);
        remove_proc_entry(journal->j_devname, proc_jbd2_stats);
}

/*
 * Management for journal control blocks: functions to create and
 * destroy journal_t structures, and to initialise and read existing
 * journal blocks from disk.  */

/* First: create and setup a journal_t object in memory.  We initialise
 * very few fields yet: that has to wait until we have created the
 * journal structures from from scratch, or loaded them from disk. */

static journal_t * journal_init_common (void)
{
        journal_t *journal;
        int err;

        journal = kzalloc(sizeof(*journal), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!journal)
                return NULL;

        init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_transaction_locked);
        init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_done_commit);
        init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_commit);
        init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_updates);
        init_waitqueue_head(&journal->j_wait_reserved);
        mutex_init(&journal->j_barrier);
        mutex_init(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
        spin_lock_init(&journal->j_revoke_lock);
        spin_lock_init(&journal->j_list_lock);
        rwlock_init(&journal->j_state_lock);

        journal->j_commit_interval = (HZ * JBD2_DEFAULT_MAX_COMMIT_AGE);
        journal->j_min_batch_time = 0;
        journal->j_max_batch_time = 15000; /* 15ms */
        atomic_set(&journal->j_reserved_credits, 0);

        /* The journal is marked for error until we succeed with recovery! */
        journal->j_flags = JBD2_ABORT;

        /* Set up a default-sized revoke table for the new mount. */
        err = jbd2_journal_init_revoke(journal, JOURNAL_REVOKE_DEFAULT_HASH);
        if (err) {
                kfree(journal);
                return NULL;
        }

        spin_lock_init(&journal->j_history_lock);

        return journal;
}

/* jbd2_journal_init_dev and jbd2_journal_init_inode:
 *
 * Create a journal structure assigned some fixed set of disk blocks to
 * the journal.  We don't actually touch those disk blocks yet, but we
 * need to set up all of the mapping information to tell the journaling
 * system where the journal blocks are.
 *
 */

/**
 *  journal_t * jbd2_journal_init_dev() - creates and initialises a journal structure
 *  @bdev: Block device on which to create the journal
 *  @fs_dev: Device which hold journalled filesystem for this journal.
 *  @start: Block nr Start of journal.
 *  @len:  Length of the journal in blocks.
 *  @blocksize: blocksize of journalling device
 *
 *  Returns: a newly created journal_t *
 *
 *  jbd2_journal_init_dev creates a journal which maps a fixed contiguous
 *  range of blocks on an arbitrary block device.
 *
 */
journal_t * jbd2_journal_init_dev(struct block_device *bdev,
                        struct block_device *fs_dev,
                        unsigned long long start, int len, int blocksize)
{
        journal_t *journal = journal_init_common();
        struct buffer_head *bh;
        int n;

        if (!journal)
                return NULL;

        /* journal descriptor can store up to n blocks -bzzz */
        journal->j_blocksize = blocksize;
        journal->j_dev = bdev;
        journal->j_fs_dev = fs_dev;
        journal->j_blk_offset = start;
        journal->j_maxlen = len;
        bdevname(journal->j_dev, journal->j_devname);
        strreplace(journal->j_devname, '/', '!');
        jbd2_stats_proc_init(journal);
        n = journal->j_blocksize / sizeof(journal_block_tag_t);
        journal->j_wbufsize = n;
        journal->j_wbuf = kmalloc(n * sizeof(struct buffer_head*), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!journal->j_wbuf) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Can't allocate bhs for commit thread\n",
                        __func__);
                goto out_err;
        }

        bh = __getblk(journal->j_dev, start, journal->j_blocksize);
        if (!bh) {
                printk(KERN_ERR
                       "%s: Cannot get buffer for journal superblock\n",
                       __func__);
                goto out_err;
        }
        journal->j_sb_buffer = bh;
        journal->j_superblock = (journal_superblock_t *)bh->b_data;

        return journal;
out_err:
        kfree(journal->j_wbuf);
        jbd2_stats_proc_exit(journal);
        kfree(journal);
        return NULL;
}

/**
 *  journal_t * jbd2_journal_init_inode () - creates a journal which maps to a inode.
 *  @inode: An inode to create the journal in
 *
 * jbd2_journal_init_inode creates a journal which maps an on-disk inode as
 * the journal.  The inode must exist already, must support bmap() and
 * must have all data blocks preallocated.
 */
journal_t * jbd2_journal_init_inode (struct inode *inode)
{
        struct buffer_head *bh;
        journal_t *journal = journal_init_common();
        char *p;
        int err;
        int n;
        unsigned long long blocknr;

        if (!journal)
                return NULL;

        journal->j_dev = journal->j_fs_dev = inode->i_sb->s_bdev;
        journal->j_inode = inode;
        bdevname(journal->j_dev, journal->j_devname);
        p = strreplace(journal->j_devname, '/', '!');
        sprintf(p, "-%lu", journal->j_inode->i_ino);
        jbd_debug(1,
                  "journal %p: inode %s/%ld, size %Ld, bits %d, blksize %ld\n",
                  journal, inode->i_sb->s_id, inode->i_ino,
                  (long long) inode->i_size,
                  inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits, inode->i_sb->s_blocksize);

        journal->j_maxlen = inode->i_size >> inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits;
        journal->j_blocksize = inode->i_sb->s_blocksize;
        jbd2_stats_proc_init(journal);

        /* journal descriptor can store up to n blocks -bzzz */
        n = journal->j_blocksize / sizeof(journal_block_tag_t);
        journal->j_wbufsize = n;
        journal->j_wbuf = kmalloc(n * sizeof(struct buffer_head*), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!journal->j_wbuf) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Can't allocate bhs for commit thread\n",
                        __func__);
                goto out_err;
        }

        err = jbd2_journal_bmap(journal, 0, &blocknr);
        /* If that failed, give up */
        if (err) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "%s: Cannot locate journal superblock\n",
                       __func__);
                goto out_err;
        }

        bh = getblk_unmovable(journal->j_dev, blocknr, journal->j_blocksize);
        if (!bh) {
                printk(KERN_ERR
                       "%s: Cannot get buffer for journal superblock\n",
                       __func__);
                goto out_err;
        }
        journal->j_sb_buffer = bh;
        journal->j_superblock = (journal_superblock_t *)bh->b_data;

        return journal;
out_err:
        kfree(journal->j_wbuf);
        jbd2_stats_proc_exit(journal);
        kfree(journal);
        return NULL;
}

/*
 * If the journal init or create aborts, we need to mark the journal
 * superblock as being NULL to prevent the journal destroy from writing
 * back a bogus superblock.
 */
static void journal_fail_superblock (journal_t *journal)
{
        struct buffer_head *bh = journal->j_sb_buffer;
        brelse(bh);
        journal->j_sb_buffer = NULL;
}

/*
 * Given a journal_t structure, initialise the various fields for
 * startup of a new journaling session.  We use this both when creating
 * a journal, and after recovering an old journal to reset it for
 * subsequent use.
 */

static int journal_reset(journal_t *journal)
{
        journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
        unsigned long long first, last;

        first = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first);
        last = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen);
        if (first + JBD2_MIN_JOURNAL_BLOCKS > last + 1) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Journal too short (blocks %llu-%llu).\n",
                       first, last);
                journal_fail_superblock(journal);
                return -EINVAL;
        }

        journal->j_first = first;
        journal->j_last = last;

        journal->j_head = first;
        journal->j_tail = first;
        journal->j_free = last - first;

        journal->j_tail_sequence = journal->j_transaction_sequence;
        journal->j_commit_sequence = journal->j_transaction_sequence - 1;
        journal->j_commit_request = journal->j_commit_sequence;

        journal->j_max_transaction_buffers = journal->j_maxlen / 4;

        /*
         * As a special case, if the on-disk copy is already marked as needing
         * no recovery (s_start == 0), then we can safely defer the superblock
         * update until the next commit by setting JBD2_FLUSHED.  This avoids
         * attempting a write to a potential-readonly device.
         */
        if (sb->s_start == 0) {
                jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: Skipping superblock update on recovered sb "
                        "(start %ld, seq %d, errno %d)\n",
                        journal->j_tail, journal->j_tail_sequence,
                        journal->j_errno);
                journal->j_flags |= JBD2_FLUSHED;
        } else {
                /* Lock here to make assertions happy... */
                mutex_lock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
                /*
                 * Update log tail information. We use WRITE_FUA since new
                 * transaction will start reusing journal space and so we
                 * must make sure information about current log tail is on
                 * disk before that.
                 */
                jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail(journal,
                                                journal->j_tail_sequence,
                                                journal->j_tail,
                                                WRITE_FUA);
                mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
        }
        return jbd2_journal_start_thread(journal);
}

static int jbd2_write_superblock(journal_t *journal, int write_op)
{
        struct buffer_head *bh = journal->j_sb_buffer;
        journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
        int ret;

        trace_jbd2_write_superblock(journal, write_op);
        if (!(journal->j_flags & JBD2_BARRIER))
                write_op &= ~(REQ_FUA | REQ_FLUSH);
        lock_buffer(bh);
        if (buffer_write_io_error(bh)) {
                /*
                 * Oh, dear.  A previous attempt to write the journal
                 * superblock failed.  This could happen because the
                 * USB device was yanked out.  Or it could happen to
                 * be a transient write error and maybe the block will
                 * be remapped.  Nothing we can do but to retry the
                 * write and hope for the best.
                 */
                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: previous I/O error detected "
                       "for journal superblock update for %s.\n",
                       journal->j_devname);
                clear_buffer_write_io_error(bh);
                set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
        }
        jbd2_superblock_csum_set(journal, sb);
        get_bh(bh);
        bh->b_end_io = end_buffer_write_sync;
        ret = submit_bh(write_op, bh);
        wait_on_buffer(bh);
        if (buffer_write_io_error(bh)) {
                clear_buffer_write_io_error(bh);
                set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
                ret = -EIO;
        }
        if (ret) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Error %d detected when updating "
                       "journal superblock for %s.\n", ret,
                       journal->j_devname);
                jbd2_journal_abort(journal, ret);
        }

        return ret;
}

/**
 * jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail() - Update log tail in journal sb on disk.
 * @journal: The journal to update.
 * @tail_tid: TID of the new transaction at the tail of the log
 * @tail_block: The first block of the transaction at the tail of the log
 * @write_op: With which operation should we write the journal sb
 *
 * Update a journal's superblock information about log tail and write it to
 * disk, waiting for the IO to complete.
 */
int jbd2_journal_update_sb_log_tail(journal_t *journal, tid_t tail_tid,
                                     unsigned long tail_block, int write_op)
{
        journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;
        int ret;

        BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex));
        jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: updating superblock (start %lu, seq %u)\n",
                  tail_block, tail_tid);

        sb->s_sequence = cpu_to_be32(tail_tid);
        sb->s_start    = cpu_to_be32(tail_block);

        ret = jbd2_write_superblock(journal, write_op);
        if (ret)
                goto out;

        /* Log is no longer empty */
        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        WARN_ON(!sb->s_sequence);
        journal->j_flags &= ~JBD2_FLUSHED;
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

out:
        return ret;
}

/**
 * jbd2_mark_journal_empty() - Mark on disk journal as empty.
 * @journal: The journal to update.
 * @write_op: With which operation should we write the journal sb
 *
 * Update a journal's dynamic superblock fields to show that journal is empty.
 * Write updated superblock to disk waiting for IO to complete.
 */
static void jbd2_mark_journal_empty(journal_t *journal, int write_op)
{
        journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;

        BUG_ON(!mutex_is_locked(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex));
        read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        /* Is it already empty? */
        if (sb->s_start == 0) {
                read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                return;
        }
        jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: Marking journal as empty (seq %d)\n",
                  journal->j_tail_sequence);

        sb->s_sequence = cpu_to_be32(journal->j_tail_sequence);
        sb->s_start    = cpu_to_be32(0);
        read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

        jbd2_write_superblock(journal, write_op);

        /* Log is no longer empty */
        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        journal->j_flags |= JBD2_FLUSHED;
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
}


/**
 * jbd2_journal_update_sb_errno() - Update error in the journal.
 * @journal: The journal to update.
 *
 * Update a journal's errno.  Write updated superblock to disk waiting for IO
 * to complete.
 */
void jbd2_journal_update_sb_errno(journal_t *journal)
{
        journal_superblock_t *sb = journal->j_superblock;

        read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        jbd_debug(1, "JBD2: updating superblock error (errno %d)\n",
                  journal->j_errno);
        sb->s_errno    = cpu_to_be32(journal->j_errno);
        read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

        jbd2_write_superblock(journal, WRITE_FUA);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_update_sb_errno);

/*
 * Read the superblock for a given journal, performing initial
 * validation of the format.
 */
static int journal_get_superblock(journal_t *journal)
{
        struct buffer_head *bh;
        journal_superblock_t *sb;
        int err = -EIO;

        bh = journal->j_sb_buffer;

        J_ASSERT(bh != NULL);
        if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
                ll_rw_block(READ, 1, &bh);
                wait_on_buffer(bh);
                if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
                        printk(KERN_ERR
                                "JBD2: IO error reading journal superblock\n");
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        if (buffer_verified(bh))
                return 0;

        sb = journal->j_superblock;

        err = -EINVAL;

        if (sb->s_header.h_magic != cpu_to_be32(JBD2_MAGIC_NUMBER) ||
            sb->s_blocksize != cpu_to_be32(journal->j_blocksize)) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: no valid journal superblock found\n");
                goto out;
        }

        switch(be32_to_cpu(sb->s_header.h_blocktype)) {
        case JBD2_SUPERBLOCK_V1:
                journal->j_format_version = 1;
                break;
        case JBD2_SUPERBLOCK_V2:
                journal->j_format_version = 2;
                break;
        default:
                printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: unrecognised superblock format ID\n");
                goto out;
        }

        if (be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen) < journal->j_maxlen)
                journal->j_maxlen = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen);
        else if (be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen) > journal->j_maxlen) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: journal file too short\n");
                goto out;
        }

        if (be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first) == 0 ||
            be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first) >= journal->j_maxlen) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING
                        "JBD2: Invalid start block of journal: %u\n",
                        be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first));
                goto out;
        }

        if (jbd2_has_feature_csum2(journal) &&
            jbd2_has_feature_csum3(journal)) {
                /* Can't have checksum v2 and v3 at the same time! */
                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Can't enable checksumming v2 and v3 "
                       "at the same time!\n");
                goto out;
        }

        if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3_feature(journal) &&
            jbd2_has_feature_checksum(journal)) {
                /* Can't have checksum v1 and v2 on at the same time! */
                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Can't enable checksumming v1 and v2/3 "
                       "at the same time!\n");
                goto out;
        }

        if (!jbd2_verify_csum_type(journal, sb)) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Unknown checksum type\n");
                goto out;
        }

        /* Load the checksum driver */
        if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3_feature(journal)) {
                journal->j_chksum_driver = crypto_alloc_shash("crc32c", 0, 0);
                if (IS_ERR(journal->j_chksum_driver)) {
                        printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Cannot load crc32c driver.\n");
                        err = PTR_ERR(journal->j_chksum_driver);
                        journal->j_chksum_driver = NULL;
                        goto out;
                }
        }

        /* Check superblock checksum */
        if (!jbd2_superblock_csum_verify(journal, sb)) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: journal checksum error\n");
                err = -EFSBADCRC;
                goto out;
        }

        /* Precompute checksum seed for all metadata */
        if (jbd2_journal_has_csum_v2or3(journal))
                journal->j_csum_seed = jbd2_chksum(journal, ~0, sb->s_uuid,
                                                   sizeof(sb->s_uuid));

        set_buffer_verified(bh);

        return 0;

out:
        journal_fail_superblock(journal);
        return err;
}

/*
 * Load the on-disk journal superblock and read the key fields into the
 * journal_t.
 */

static int load_superblock(journal_t *journal)
{
        int err;
        journal_superblock_t *sb;

        err = journal_get_superblock(journal);
        if (err)
                return err;

        sb = journal->j_superblock;

        journal->j_tail_sequence = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_sequence);
        journal->j_tail = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_start);
        journal->j_first = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_first);
        journal->j_last = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_maxlen);
        journal->j_errno = be32_to_cpu(sb->s_errno);

        return 0;
}


/**
 * int jbd2_journal_load() - Read journal from disk.
 * @journal: Journal to act on.
 *
 * Given a journal_t structure which tells us which disk blocks contain
 * a journal, read the journal from disk to initialise the in-memory
 * structures.
 */
int jbd2_journal_load(journal_t *journal)
{
        int err;
        journal_superblock_t *sb;

        err = load_superblock(journal);
        if (err)
                return err;

        sb = journal->j_superblock;
        /* If this is a V2 superblock, then we have to check the
         * features flags on it. */

        if (journal->j_format_version >= 2) {
                if ((sb->s_feature_ro_compat &
                     ~cpu_to_be32(JBD2_KNOWN_ROCOMPAT_FEATURES)) ||
                    (sb->s_feature_incompat &
                     ~cpu_to_be32(JBD2_KNOWN_INCOMPAT_FEATURES))) {
                        printk(KERN_WARNING
                                "JBD2: Unrecognised features on journal\n");
                        return -EINVAL;
                }
        }

        /*
         * Create a slab for this blocksize
         */
        err = jbd2_journal_create_slab(be32_to_cpu(sb->s_blocksize));
        if (err)
                return err;

        /* Let the recovery code check whether it needs to recover any
         * data from the journal. */
        if (jbd2_journal_recover(journal))
                goto recovery_error;

        if (journal->j_failed_commit) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: journal transaction %u on %s "
                       "is corrupt.\n", journal->j_failed_commit,
                       journal->j_devname);
                return -EFSCORRUPTED;
        }

        /* OK, we've finished with the dynamic journal bits:
         * reinitialise the dynamic contents of the superblock in memory
         * and reset them on disk. */
        if (journal_reset(journal))
                goto recovery_error;

        journal->j_flags &= ~JBD2_ABORT;
        journal->j_flags |= JBD2_LOADED;
        return 0;

recovery_error:
        printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: recovery failed\n");
        return -EIO;
}

/**
 * void jbd2_journal_destroy() - Release a journal_t structure.
 * @journal: Journal to act on.
 *
 * Release a journal_t structure once it is no longer in use by the
 * journaled object.
 * Return <0 if we couldn't clean up the journal.
 */
int jbd2_journal_destroy(journal_t *journal)
{
        int err = 0;

        /* Wait for the commit thread to wake up and die. */
        journal_kill_thread(journal);

        /* Force a final log commit */
        if (journal->j_running_transaction)
                jbd2_journal_commit_transaction(journal);

        /* Force any old transactions to disk */

        /* Totally anal locking here... */
        spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
        while (journal->j_checkpoint_transactions != NULL) {
                spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
                mutex_lock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
                err = jbd2_log_do_checkpoint(journal);
                mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
                /*
                 * If checkpointing failed, just free the buffers to avoid
                 * looping forever
                 */
                if (err) {
                        jbd2_journal_destroy_checkpoint(journal);
                        spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
                        break;
                }
                spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
        }

        J_ASSERT(journal->j_running_transaction == NULL);
        J_ASSERT(journal->j_committing_transaction == NULL);
        J_ASSERT(journal->j_checkpoint_transactions == NULL);
        spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);

        if (journal->j_sb_buffer) {
                if (!is_journal_aborted(journal)) {
                        mutex_lock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);

                        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                        journal->j_tail_sequence =
                                ++journal->j_transaction_sequence;
                        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);

                        jbd2_mark_journal_empty(journal, WRITE_FLUSH_FUA);
                        mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
                } else
                        err = -EIO;
                brelse(journal->j_sb_buffer);
        }

        if (journal->j_proc_entry)
                jbd2_stats_proc_exit(journal);
        iput(journal->j_inode);
        if (journal->j_revoke)
                jbd2_journal_destroy_revoke(journal);
        if (journal->j_chksum_driver)
                crypto_free_shash(journal->j_chksum_driver);
        kfree(journal->j_wbuf);
        kfree(journal);

        return err;
}


/**
 *int jbd2_journal_check_used_features () - Check if features specified are used.
 * @journal: Journal to check.
 * @compat: bitmask of compatible features
 * @ro: bitmask of features that force read-only mount
 * @incompat: bitmask of incompatible features
 *
 * Check whether the journal uses all of a given set of
 * features.  Return true (non-zero) if it does.
 **/

int jbd2_journal_check_used_features (journal_t *journal, unsigned long compat,
                                 unsigned long ro, unsigned long incompat)
{
        journal_superblock_t *sb;

        if (!compat && !ro && !incompat)
                return 1;
        /* Load journal superblock if it is not loaded yet. */
        if (journal->j_format_version == 0 &&
            journal_get_superblock(journal) != 0)
                return 0;
        if (journal->j_format_version == 1)
                return 0;

        sb = journal->j_superblock;

        if (((be32_to_cpu(sb->s_feature_compat) & compat) == compat) &&
            ((be32_to_cpu(sb->s_feature_ro_compat) & ro) == ro) &&
            ((be32_to_cpu(sb->s_feature_incompat) & incompat) == incompat))
                return 1;

        return 0;
}

/**
 * int jbd2_journal_check_available_features() - Check feature set in journalling layer
 * @journal: Journal to check.
 * @compat: bitmask of compatible features
 * @ro: bitmask of features that force read-only mount
 * @incompat: bitmask of incompatible features
 *
 * Check whether the journaling code supports the use of
 * all of a given set of features on this journal.  Return true
 * (non-zero) if it can. */

int jbd2_journal_check_available_features (journal_t *journal, unsigned long compat,
                                      unsigned long ro, unsigned long incompat)
{
        if (!compat && !ro && !incompat)
                return 1;

        /* We can support any known requested features iff the
         * superblock is in version 2.  Otherwise we fail to support any
         * extended sb features. */

        if (journal->j_format_version != 2)
                return 0;

        if ((compat   & JBD2_KNOWN_COMPAT_FEATURES) == compat &&
            (ro       & JBD2_KNOWN_ROCOMPAT_FEATURES) == ro &&
            (incompat & JBD2_KNOWN_INCOMPAT_FEATURES) == incompat)
                return 1;

        return 0;
}

/**
 * int jbd2_journal_set_features () - Mark a given journal feature in the superblock
 * @journal: Journal to act on.
 * @compat: bitmask of compatible features
 * @ro: bitmask of features that force read-only mount
 * @incompat: bitmask of incompatible features
 *
 * Mark a given journal feature as present on the
 * superblock.  Returns true if the requested features could be set.
 *
 */

int jbd2_journal_set_features (journal_t *journal, unsigned long compat,
                          unsigned long ro, unsigned long incompat)
{
#define INCOMPAT_FEATURE_ON(f) \
                ((incompat & (f)) && !(sb->s_feature_incompat & cpu_to_be32(f)))
#define COMPAT_FEATURE_ON(f) \
                ((compat & (f)) && !(sb->s_feature_compat & cpu_to_be32(f)))
        journal_superblock_t *sb;

        if (jbd2_journal_check_used_features(journal, compat, ro, incompat))
                return 1;

        if (!jbd2_journal_check_available_features(journal, compat, ro, incompat))
                return 0;

        /* If enabling v2 checksums, turn on v3 instead */
        if (incompat & JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V2) {
                incompat &= ~JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V2;
                incompat |= JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V3;
        }

        /* Asking for checksumming v3 and v1?  Only give them v3. */
        if (incompat & JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V3 &&
            compat & JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM)
                compat &= ~JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM;

        jbd_debug(1, "Setting new features 0x%lx/0x%lx/0x%lx\n",
                  compat, ro, incompat);

        sb = journal->j_superblock;

        /* If enabling v3 checksums, update superblock */
        if (INCOMPAT_FEATURE_ON(JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V3)) {
                sb->s_checksum_type = JBD2_CRC32C_CHKSUM;
                sb->s_feature_compat &=
                        ~cpu_to_be32(JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM);

                /* Load the checksum driver */
                if (journal->j_chksum_driver == NULL) {
                        journal->j_chksum_driver = crypto_alloc_shash("crc32c",
                                                                      0, 0);
                        if (IS_ERR(journal->j_chksum_driver)) {
                                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: Cannot load crc32c "
                                       "driver.\n");
                                journal->j_chksum_driver = NULL;
                                return 0;
                        }

                        /* Precompute checksum seed for all metadata */
                        journal->j_csum_seed = jbd2_chksum(journal, ~0,
                                                           sb->s_uuid,
                                                           sizeof(sb->s_uuid));
                }
        }

        /* If enabling v1 checksums, downgrade superblock */
        if (COMPAT_FEATURE_ON(JBD2_FEATURE_COMPAT_CHECKSUM))
                sb->s_feature_incompat &=
                        ~cpu_to_be32(JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V2 |
                                     JBD2_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_CSUM_V3);

        sb->s_feature_compat    |= cpu_to_be32(compat);
        sb->s_feature_ro_compat |= cpu_to_be32(ro);
        sb->s_feature_incompat  |= cpu_to_be32(incompat);

        return 1;
#undef COMPAT_FEATURE_ON
#undef INCOMPAT_FEATURE_ON
}

/*
 * jbd2_journal_clear_features () - Clear a given journal feature in the
 *                                  superblock
 * @journal: Journal to act on.
 * @compat: bitmask of compatible features
 * @ro: bitmask of features that force read-only mount
 * @incompat: bitmask of incompatible features
 *
 * Clear a given journal feature as present on the
 * superblock.
 */
void jbd2_journal_clear_features(journal_t *journal, unsigned long compat,
                                unsigned long ro, unsigned long incompat)
{
        journal_superblock_t *sb;

        jbd_debug(1, "Clear features 0x%lx/0x%lx/0x%lx\n",
                  compat, ro, incompat);

        sb = journal->j_superblock;

        sb->s_feature_compat    &= ~cpu_to_be32(compat);
        sb->s_feature_ro_compat &= ~cpu_to_be32(ro);
        sb->s_feature_incompat  &= ~cpu_to_be32(incompat);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(jbd2_journal_clear_features);

/**
 * int jbd2_journal_flush () - Flush journal
 * @journal: Journal to act on.
 *
 * Flush all data for a given journal to disk and empty the journal.
 * Filesystems can use this when remounting readonly to ensure that
 * recovery does not need to happen on remount.
 */

int jbd2_journal_flush(journal_t *journal)
{
        int err = 0;
        transaction_t *transaction = NULL;

        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);

        /* Force everything buffered to the log... */
        if (journal->j_running_transaction) {
                transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
                __jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, transaction->t_tid);
        } else if (journal->j_committing_transaction)
                transaction = journal->j_committing_transaction;

        /* Wait for the log commit to complete... */
        if (transaction) {
                tid_t tid = transaction->t_tid;

                write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                jbd2_log_wait_commit(journal, tid);
        } else {
                write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        }

        /* ...and flush everything in the log out to disk. */
        spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
        while (!err && journal->j_checkpoint_transactions != NULL) {
                spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
                mutex_lock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
                err = jbd2_log_do_checkpoint(journal);
                mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
                spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
        }
        spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);

        if (is_journal_aborted(journal))
                return -EIO;

        mutex_lock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
        if (!err) {
                err = jbd2_cleanup_journal_tail(journal);
                if (err < 0) {
                        mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
                        goto out;
                }
                err = 0;
        }

        /* Finally, mark the journal as really needing no recovery.
         * This sets s_start==0 in the underlying superblock, which is
         * the magic code for a fully-recovered superblock.  Any future
         * commits of data to the journal will restore the current
         * s_start value. */
        jbd2_mark_journal_empty(journal, WRITE_FUA);
        mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        J_ASSERT(!journal->j_running_transaction);
        J_ASSERT(!journal->j_committing_transaction);
        J_ASSERT(!journal->j_checkpoint_transactions);
        J_ASSERT(journal->j_head == journal->j_tail);
        J_ASSERT(journal->j_tail_sequence == journal->j_transaction_sequence);
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
out:
        return err;
}

/**
 * int jbd2_journal_wipe() - Wipe journal contents
 * @journal: Journal to act on.
 * @write: flag (see below)
 *
 * Wipe out all of the contents of a journal, safely.  This will produce
 * a warning if the journal contains any valid recovery information.
 * Must be called between journal_init_*() and jbd2_journal_load().
 *
 * If 'write' is non-zero, then we wipe out the journal on disk; otherwise
 * we merely suppress recovery.
 */

int jbd2_journal_wipe(journal_t *journal, int write)
{
        int err = 0;

        J_ASSERT (!(journal->j_flags & JBD2_LOADED));

        err = load_superblock(journal);
        if (err)
                return err;

        if (!journal->j_tail)
                goto no_recovery;

        printk(KERN_WARNING "JBD2: %s recovery information on journal\n",
                write ? "Clearing" : "Ignoring");

        err = jbd2_journal_skip_recovery(journal);
        if (write) {
                /* Lock to make assertions happy... */
                mutex_lock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
                jbd2_mark_journal_empty(journal, WRITE_FUA);
                mutex_unlock(&journal->j_checkpoint_mutex);
        }

 no_recovery:
        return err;
}

/*
 * Journal abort has very specific semantics, which we describe
 * for journal abort.
 *
 * Two internal functions, which provide abort to the jbd layer
 * itself are here.
 */

/*
 * Quick version for internal journal use (doesn't lock the journal).
 * Aborts hard --- we mark the abort as occurred, but do _nothing_ else,
 * and don't attempt to make any other journal updates.
 */
void __jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal_t *journal)
{
        transaction_t *transaction;

        if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT)
                return;

        printk(KERN_ERR "Aborting journal on device %s.\n",
               journal->j_devname);

        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        journal->j_flags |= JBD2_ABORT;
        transaction = journal->j_running_transaction;
        if (transaction)
                __jbd2_log_start_commit(journal, transaction->t_tid);
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
}

/* Soft abort: record the abort error status in the journal superblock,
 * but don't do any other IO. */
static void __journal_abort_soft (journal_t *journal, int errno)
{
        if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT)
                return;

        if (!journal->j_errno)
                journal->j_errno = errno;

        __jbd2_journal_abort_hard(journal);

        if (errno) {
                jbd2_journal_update_sb_errno(journal);
                write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
                journal->j_flags |= JBD2_REC_ERR;
                write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        }
}

/**
 * void jbd2_journal_abort () - Shutdown the journal immediately.
 * @journal: the journal to shutdown.
 * @errno:   an error number to record in the journal indicating
 *           the reason for the shutdown.
 *
 * Perform a complete, immediate shutdown of the ENTIRE
 * journal (not of a single transaction).  This operation cannot be
 * undone without closing and reopening the journal.
 *
 * The jbd2_journal_abort function is intended to support higher level error
 * recovery mechanisms such as the ext2/ext3 remount-readonly error
 * mode.
 *
 * Journal abort has very specific semantics.  Any existing dirty,
 * unjournaled buffers in the main filesystem will still be written to
 * disk by bdflush, but the journaling mechanism will be suspended
 * immediately and no further transaction commits will be honoured.
 *
 * Any dirty, journaled buffers will be written back to disk without
 * hitting the journal.  Atomicity cannot be guaranteed on an aborted
 * filesystem, but we _do_ attempt to leave as much data as possible
 * behind for fsck to use for cleanup.
 *
 * Any attempt to get a new transaction handle on a journal which is in
 * ABORT state will just result in an -EROFS error return.  A
 * jbd2_journal_stop on an existing handle will return -EIO if we have
 * entered abort state during the update.
 *
 * Recursive transactions are not disturbed by journal abort until the
 * final jbd2_journal_stop, which will receive the -EIO error.
 *
 * Finally, the jbd2_journal_abort call allows the caller to supply an errno
 * which will be recorded (if possible) in the journal superblock.  This
 * allows a client to record failure conditions in the middle of a
 * transaction without having to complete the transaction to record the
 * failure to disk.  ext3_error, for example, now uses this
 * functionality.
 *
 * Errors which originate from within the journaling layer will NOT
 * supply an errno; a null errno implies that absolutely no further
 * writes are done to the journal (unless there are any already in
 * progress).
 *
 */

void jbd2_journal_abort(journal_t *journal, int errno)
{
        __journal_abort_soft(journal, errno);
}

/**
 * int jbd2_journal_errno () - returns the journal's error state.
 * @journal: journal to examine.
 *
 * This is the errno number set with jbd2_journal_abort(), the last
 * time the journal was mounted - if the journal was stopped
 * without calling abort this will be 0.
 *
 * If the journal has been aborted on this mount time -EROFS will
 * be returned.
 */
int jbd2_journal_errno(journal_t *journal)
{
        int err;

        read_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT)
                err = -EROFS;
        else
                err = journal->j_errno;
        read_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        return err;
}

/**
 * int jbd2_journal_clear_err () - clears the journal's error state
 * @journal: journal to act on.
 *
 * An error must be cleared or acked to take a FS out of readonly
 * mode.
 */
int jbd2_journal_clear_err(journal_t *journal)
{
        int err = 0;

        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        if (journal->j_flags & JBD2_ABORT)
                err = -EROFS;
        else
                journal->j_errno = 0;
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        return err;
}

/**
 * void jbd2_journal_ack_err() - Ack journal err.
 * @journal: journal to act on.
 *
 * An error must be cleared or acked to take a FS out of readonly
 * mode.
 */
void jbd2_journal_ack_err(journal_t *journal)
{
        write_lock(&journal->j_state_lock);
        if (journal->j_errno)
                journal->j_flags |= JBD2_ACK_ERR;
        write_unlock(&journal->j_state_lock);
}

int jbd2_journal_blocks_per_page(struct inode *inode)
{
        return 1 << (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - inode->i_sb->s_blocksize_bits);
}

/*
 * helper functions to deal with 32 or 64bit block numbers.
 */
size_t journal_tag_bytes(journal_t *journal)
{
        size_t sz;

        if (jbd2_has_feature_csum3(journal))
                return sizeof(journal_block_tag3_t);

        sz = sizeof(journal_block_tag_t);

        if (jbd2_has_feature_csum2(journal))
                sz += sizeof(__u16);

        if (jbd2_has_feature_64bit(journal))
                return sz;
        else
                return sz - sizeof(__u32);
}

/*
 * JBD memory management
 *
 * These functions are used to allocate block-sized chunks of memory
 * used for making copies of buffer_head data.  Very often it will be
 * page-sized chunks of data, but sometimes it will be in
 * sub-page-size chunks.  (For example, 16k pages on Power systems
 * with a 4k block file system.)  For blocks smaller than a page, we
 * use a SLAB allocator.  There are slab caches for each block size,
 * which are allocated at mount time, if necessary, and we only free
 * (all of) the slab caches when/if the jbd2 module is unloaded.  For
 * this reason we don't need to a mutex to protect access to
 * jbd2_slab[] allocating or releasing memory; only in
 * jbd2_journal_create_slab().
 */
#define JBD2_MAX_SLABS 8
static struct kmem_cache *jbd2_slab[JBD2_MAX_SLABS];

static const char *jbd2_slab_names[JBD2_MAX_SLABS] = {
        "jbd2_1k", "jbd2_2k", "jbd2_4k", "jbd2_8k",
        "jbd2_16k", "jbd2_32k", "jbd2_64k", "jbd2_128k"
};


static void jbd2_journal_destroy_slabs(void)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < JBD2_MAX_SLABS; i++) {
                if (jbd2_slab[i])
                        kmem_cache_destroy(jbd2_slab[i]);
                jbd2_slab[i] = NULL;
        }
}

static int jbd2_journal_create_slab(size_t size)
{
        static DEFINE_MUTEX(jbd2_slab_create_mutex);
        int i = order_base_2(size) - 10;
        size_t slab_size;

        if (size == PAGE_SIZE)
                return 0;

        if (i >= JBD2_MAX_SLABS)
                return -EINVAL;

        if (unlikely(i < 0))
                i = 0;
        mutex_lock(&jbd2_slab_create_mutex);
        if (jbd2_slab[i]) {
                mutex_unlock(&jbd2_slab_create_mutex);
                return 0;       /* Already created */
        }

        slab_size = 1 << (i+10);
        jbd2_slab[i] = kmem_cache_create(jbd2_slab_names[i], slab_size,
                                         slab_size, 0, NULL);
        mutex_unlock(&jbd2_slab_create_mutex);
        if (!jbd2_slab[i]) {
                printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD2: no memory for jbd2_slab cache\n");
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        return 0;
}

static struct kmem_cache *get_slab(size_t size)
{
        int i = order_base_2(size) - 10;

        BUG_ON(i >= JBD2_MAX_SLABS);
        if (unlikely(i < 0))
                i = 0;
        BUG_ON(jbd2_slab[i] == NULL);
        return jbd2_slab[i];
}

void *jbd2_alloc(size_t size, gfp_t flags)
{
        void *ptr;

        BUG_ON(size & (size-1)); /* Must be a power of 2 */

        flags |= __GFP_REPEAT;
        if (size == PAGE_SIZE)
                ptr = (void *)__get_free_pages(flags, 0);
        else if (size > PAGE_SIZE) {
                int order = get_order(size);

                if (order < 3)
                        ptr = (void *)__get_free_pages(flags, order);
                else
                        ptr = vmalloc(size);
        } else
                ptr = kmem_cache_alloc(get_slab(size), flags);

        /* Check alignment; SLUB has gotten this wrong in the past,
         * and this can lead to user data corruption! */
        BUG_ON(((unsigned long) ptr) & (size-1));

        return ptr;
}

void jbd2_free(void *ptr, size_t size)
{
        if (size == PAGE_SIZE) {
                free_pages((unsigned long)ptr, 0);
                return;
        }
        if (size > PAGE_SIZE) {
                int order = get_order(size);

                if (order < 3)
                        free_pages((unsigned long)ptr, order);
                else
                        vfree(ptr);
                return;
        }
        kmem_cache_free(get_slab(size), ptr);
};

/*
 * Journal_head storage management
 */
static struct kmem_cache *jbd2_journal_head_cache;
#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
static atomic_t nr_journal_heads = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
#endif

static int jbd2_journal_init_journal_head_cache(void)
{
        int retval;

        J_ASSERT(jbd2_journal_head_cache == NULL);
        jbd2_journal_head_cache = kmem_cache_create("jbd2_journal_head",
                                sizeof(struct journal_head),
                                0,              /* offset */
                                SLAB_TEMPORARY | SLAB_DESTROY_BY_RCU,
                                NULL);          /* ctor */
        retval = 0;
        if (!jbd2_journal_head_cache) {
                retval = -ENOMEM;
                printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD2: no memory for journal_head cache\n");
        }
        return retval;
}

static void jbd2_journal_destroy_journal_head_cache(void)
{
        if (jbd2_journal_head_cache) {
                kmem_cache_destroy(jbd2_journal_head_cache);
                jbd2_journal_head_cache = NULL;
        }
}

/*
 * journal_head splicing and dicing
 */
static struct journal_head *journal_alloc_journal_head(void)
{
        struct journal_head *ret;

#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
        atomic_inc(&nr_journal_heads);
#endif
        ret = kmem_cache_zalloc(jbd2_journal_head_cache, GFP_NOFS);
        if (!ret) {
                jbd_debug(1, "out of memory for journal_head\n");
                pr_notice_ratelimited("ENOMEM in %s, retrying.\n", __func__);
                ret = kmem_cache_zalloc(jbd2_journal_head_cache,
                                GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOFAIL);
        }
        return ret;
}

static void journal_free_journal_head(struct journal_head *jh)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
        atomic_dec(&nr_journal_heads);
        memset(jh, JBD2_POISON_FREE, sizeof(*jh));
#endif
        kmem_cache_free(jbd2_journal_head_cache, jh);
}

/*
 * A journal_head is attached to a buffer_head whenever JBD has an
 * interest in the buffer.
 *
 * Whenever a buffer has an attached journal_head, its ->b_state:BH_JBD bit
 * is set.  This bit is tested in core kernel code where we need to take
 * JBD-specific actions.  Testing the zeroness of ->b_private is not reliable
 * there.
 *
 * When a buffer has its BH_JBD bit set, its ->b_count is elevated by one.
 *
 * When a buffer has its BH_JBD bit set it is immune from being released by
 * core kernel code, mainly via ->b_count.
 *
 * A journal_head is detached from its buffer_head when the journal_head's
 * b_jcount reaches zero. Running transaction (b_transaction) and checkpoint
 * transaction (b_cp_transaction) hold their references to b_jcount.
 *
 * Various places in the kernel want to attach a journal_head to a buffer_head
 * _before_ attaching the journal_head to a transaction.  To protect the
 * journal_head in this situation, jbd2_journal_add_journal_head elevates the
 * journal_head's b_jcount refcount by one.  The caller must call
 * jbd2_journal_put_journal_head() to undo this.
 *
 * So the typical usage would be:
 *
 *      (Attach a journal_head if needed.  Increments b_jcount)
 *      struct journal_head *jh = jbd2_journal_add_journal_head(bh);
 *      ...
 *      (Get another reference for transaction)
 *      jbd2_journal_grab_journal_head(bh);
 *      jh->b_transaction = xxx;
 *      (Put original reference)
 *      jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(jh);
 */

/*
 * Give a buffer_head a journal_head.
 *
 * May sleep.
 */
struct journal_head *jbd2_journal_add_journal_head(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
        struct journal_head *jh;
        struct journal_head *new_jh = NULL;

repeat:
        if (!buffer_jbd(bh))
                new_jh = journal_alloc_journal_head();

        jbd_lock_bh_journal_head(bh);
        if (buffer_jbd(bh)) {
                jh = bh2jh(bh);
        } else {
                J_ASSERT_BH(bh,
                        (atomic_read(&bh->b_count) > 0) ||
                        (bh->b_page && bh->b_page->mapping));

                if (!new_jh) {
                        jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
                        goto repeat;
                }

                jh = new_jh;
                new_jh = NULL;          /* We consumed it */
                set_buffer_jbd(bh);
                bh->b_private = jh;
                jh->b_bh = bh;
                get_bh(bh);
                BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "added journal_head");
        }
        jh->b_jcount++;
        jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
        if (new_jh)
                journal_free_journal_head(new_jh);
        return bh->b_private;
}

/*
 * Grab a ref against this buffer_head's journal_head.  If it ended up not
 * having a journal_head, return NULL
 */
struct journal_head *jbd2_journal_grab_journal_head(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
        struct journal_head *jh = NULL;

        jbd_lock_bh_journal_head(bh);
        if (buffer_jbd(bh)) {
                jh = bh2jh(bh);
                jh->b_jcount++;
        }
        jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
        return jh;
}

static void __journal_remove_journal_head(struct buffer_head *bh)
{
        struct journal_head *jh = bh2jh(bh);

        J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_jcount >= 0);
        J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_transaction == NULL);
        J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_next_transaction == NULL);
        J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_cp_transaction == NULL);
        J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_jlist == BJ_None);
        J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_jbd(bh));
        J_ASSERT_BH(bh, jh2bh(jh) == bh);
        BUFFER_TRACE(bh, "remove journal_head");
        if (jh->b_frozen_data) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: freeing b_frozen_data\n", __func__);
                jbd2_free(jh->b_frozen_data, bh->b_size);
        }
        if (jh->b_committed_data) {
                printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: freeing b_committed_data\n", __func__);
                jbd2_free(jh->b_committed_data, bh->b_size);
        }
        bh->b_private = NULL;
        jh->b_bh = NULL;        /* debug, really */
        clear_buffer_jbd(bh);
        journal_free_journal_head(jh);
}

/*
 * Drop a reference on the passed journal_head.  If it fell to zero then
 * release the journal_head from the buffer_head.
 */
void jbd2_journal_put_journal_head(struct journal_head *jh)
{
        struct buffer_head *bh = jh2bh(jh);

        jbd_lock_bh_journal_head(bh);
        J_ASSERT_JH(jh, jh->b_jcount > 0);
        --jh->b_jcount;
        if (!jh->b_jcount) {
                __journal_remove_journal_head(bh);
                jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
                __brelse(bh);
        } else
                jbd_unlock_bh_journal_head(bh);
}

/*
 * Initialize jbd inode head
 */
void jbd2_journal_init_jbd_inode(struct jbd2_inode *jinode, struct inode *inode)
{
        jinode->i_transaction = NULL;
        jinode->i_next_transaction = NULL;
        jinode->i_vfs_inode = inode;
        jinode->i_flags = 0;
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&jinode->i_list);
}

/*
 * Function to be called before we start removing inode from memory (i.e.,
 * clear_inode() is a fine place to be called from). It removes inode from
 * transaction's lists.
 */
void jbd2_journal_release_jbd_inode(journal_t *journal,
                                    struct jbd2_inode *jinode)
{
        if (!journal)
                return;
restart:
        spin_lock(&journal->j_list_lock);
        /* Is commit writing out inode - we have to wait */
        if (test_bit(__JI_COMMIT_RUNNING, &jinode->i_flags)) {
                wait_queue_head_t *wq;
                DEFINE_WAIT_BIT(wait, &jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
                wq = bit_waitqueue(&jinode->i_flags, __JI_COMMIT_RUNNING);
                prepare_to_wait(wq, &wait.wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
                spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
                schedule();
                finish_wait(wq, &wait.wait);
                goto restart;
        }

        if (jinode->i_transaction) {
                list_del(&jinode->i_list);
                jinode->i_transaction = NULL;
        }
        spin_unlock(&journal->j_list_lock);
}


#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS

#define JBD2_STATS_PROC_NAME "fs/jbd2"

static void __init jbd2_create_jbd_stats_proc_entry(void)
{
        proc_jbd2_stats = proc_mkdir(JBD2_STATS_PROC_NAME, NULL);
}

static void __exit jbd2_remove_jbd_stats_proc_entry(void)
{
        if (proc_jbd2_stats)
                remove_proc_entry(JBD2_STATS_PROC_NAME, NULL);
}

#else

#define jbd2_create_jbd_stats_proc_entry() do {} while (0)
#define jbd2_remove_jbd_stats_proc_entry() do {} while (0)

#endif

struct kmem_cache *jbd2_handle_cache, *jbd2_inode_cache;

static int __init jbd2_journal_init_handle_cache(void)
{
        jbd2_handle_cache = KMEM_CACHE(jbd2_journal_handle, SLAB_TEMPORARY);
        if (jbd2_handle_cache == NULL) {
                printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD2: failed to create handle cache\n");
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        jbd2_inode_cache = KMEM_CACHE(jbd2_inode, 0);
        if (jbd2_inode_cache == NULL) {
                printk(KERN_EMERG "JBD2: failed to create inode cache\n");
                kmem_cache_destroy(jbd2_handle_cache);
                return -ENOMEM;
        }
        return 0;
}

static void jbd2_journal_destroy_handle_cache(void)
{
        if (jbd2_handle_cache)
                kmem_cache_destroy(jbd2_handle_cache);
        if (jbd2_inode_cache)
                kmem_cache_destroy(jbd2_inode_cache);

}

/*
 * Module startup and shutdown
 */

static int __init journal_init_caches(void)
{
        int ret;

        ret = jbd2_journal_init_revoke_caches();
        if (ret == 0)
                ret = jbd2_journal_init_journal_head_cache();
        if (ret == 0)
                ret = jbd2_journal_init_handle_cache();
        if (ret == 0)
                ret = jbd2_journal_init_transaction_cache();
        return ret;
}

static void jbd2_journal_destroy_caches(void)
{
        jbd2_journal_destroy_revoke_caches();
        jbd2_journal_destroy_journal_head_cache();
        jbd2_journal_destroy_handle_cache();
        jbd2_journal_destroy_transaction_cache();
        jbd2_journal_destroy_slabs();
}

static int __init journal_init(void)
{
        int ret;

        BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct journal_superblock_s) != 1024);

        ret = journal_init_caches();
        if (ret == 0) {
                jbd2_create_jbd_stats_proc_entry();
        } else {
                jbd2_journal_destroy_caches();
        }
        return ret;
}

static void __exit journal_exit(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_JBD2_DEBUG
        int n = atomic_read(&nr_journal_heads);
        if (n)
                printk(KERN_ERR "JBD2: leaked %d journal_heads!\n", n);
#endif
        jbd2_remove_jbd_stats_proc_entry();
        jbd2_journal_destroy_caches();
}

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
module_init(journal_init);
module_exit(journal_exit);