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21 <div id="page-content">
22 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_mime_magic</h1>
24 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
26 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Determines the MIME type of a file
27 by looking at a few bytes of its contents</td></tr>
28 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
29 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>mime_magic_module</td></tr>
30 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic.c</td></tr></table>
33 <p>This module determines the MIME type of files in the same
34 way the Unix <code>file(1)</code> command works: it looks at the first
35 few bytes of the file. It is intended as a "second line of defense"
36 for cases that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime.html">mod_mime</a></code> can't resolve.</p>
38 <p>This module is derived from a free version of the
39 <code>file(1)</code> command for Unix, which uses "magic
40 numbers" and other hints from a file's contents to figure out
41 what the contents are. This module is active only if the magic
42 file is specified by the <code class="directive"><a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></code> directive.</p>
44 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
46 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#mimemagicfile">MimeMagicFile</a></li>
50 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#format">Format of the Magic File</a></li>
51 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#performance">Performance Issues</a></li>
52 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#notes">Notes</a></li>
54 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
56 <h2><a name="format" id="format">Format of the Magic File</a></h2>
58 <p>The contents of the file are plain ASCII text in 4-5
59 columns. Blank lines are allowed but ignored. Commented lines
60 use a hash mark (<code>#</code>). The remaining lines are parsed for
61 the following columns:</p>
63 <table class="bordered"><tr class="header"><th>Column</th><th>Description</th></tr>
65 <td>byte number to begin checking from<br />
66 "<code>></code>" indicates a dependency upon the previous
67 non-"<code>></code>" line</td></tr>
68 <tr class="odd"><td>2</td>
69 <td><p>type of data to match</p>
70 <table class="bordered">
72 <tr><td><code>byte</code></td>
73 <td>single character</td></tr>
74 <tr><td><code>short</code></td>
75 <td>machine-order 16-bit integer</td></tr>
76 <tr><td><code>long</code></td>
77 <td>machine-order 32-bit integer</td></tr>
78 <tr><td><code>string</code></td>
79 <td>arbitrary-length string</td></tr>
80 <tr><td><code>date</code></td>
81 <td>long integer date (seconds since Unix epoch/1970)</td></tr>
82 <tr><td><code>beshort</code></td>
83 <td>big-endian 16-bit integer</td></tr>
84 <tr><td><code>belong</code></td>
85 <td>big-endian 32-bit integer</td></tr>
86 <tr><td><code>bedate</code></td>
87 <td>big-endian 32-bit integer date</td></tr>
88 <tr><td><code>leshort</code></td>
89 <td>little-endian 16-bit integer</td></tr>
90 <tr><td><code>lelong</code></td>
91 <td>little-endian 32-bit integer</td></tr>
92 <tr><td><code>ledate</code></td>
93 <td>little-endian 32-bit integer date</td></tr>
96 <td>contents of data to match</td></tr>
97 <tr class="odd"><td>4</td>
98 <td>MIME type if matched</td></tr>
100 <td>MIME encoding if matched (optional)</td></tr>
103 <p>For example, the following magic file lines would recognize
104 some audio formats:</p>
106 <div class="example"><pre># Sun/NeXT audio data
108 >12 belong 1 audio/basic
109 >12 belong 2 audio/basic
110 >12 belong 3 audio/basic
111 >12 belong 4 audio/basic
112 >12 belong 5 audio/basic
113 >12 belong 6 audio/basic
114 >12 belong 7 audio/basic
115 >12 belong 23 audio/x-adpcm</pre></div>
117 <p>Or these would recognize the difference between <code>*.doc</code>
118 files containing Microsoft Word or FrameMaker documents. (These are
119 incompatible file formats which use the same file suffix.)</p>
121 <div class="example"><pre># Frame
122 0 string \<MakerFile application/x-frame
123 0 string \<MIFFile application/x-frame
124 0 string \<MakerDictionary application/x-frame
125 0 string \<MakerScreenFon application/x-frame
126 0 string \<MML application/x-frame
127 0 string \<Book application/x-frame
128 0 string \<Maker application/x-frame
131 0 string \376\067\0\043 application/msword
132 0 string \320\317\021\340\241\261 application/msword
133 0 string \333\245-\0\0\0 application/msword</pre></div>
135 <p>An optional MIME encoding can be included as a fifth column.
136 For example, this can recognize gzipped files and set the
137 encoding for them.</p>
139 <div class="example"><pre># gzip (GNU zip, not to be confused with
140 # [Info-ZIP/PKWARE] zip archiver)
142 0 string \037\213 application/octet-stream x-gzip</pre></div>
143 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
144 <div class="section">
145 <h2><a name="performance" id="performance">Performance Issues</a></h2>
146 <p>This module is not for every system. If your system is barely
147 keeping up with its load or if you're performing a web server
148 benchmark, you may not want to enable this because the
149 processing is not free.</p>
151 <p>However, an effort was made to improve the performance of
152 the original <code>file(1)</code> code to make it fit in a busy web
153 server. It was designed for a server where there are thousands of users
154 who publish their own documents. This is probably very common
155 on intranets. Many times, it's helpful if the server can make
156 more intelligent decisions about a file's contents than the
157 file name allows ...even if just to reduce the "why doesn't my
158 page work" calls when users improperly name their own files.
159 You have to decide if the extra work suits your
161 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
162 <div class="section">
163 <h2><a name="notes" id="notes">Notes</a></h2>
164 <p>The following notes apply to the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_mime_magic.html">mod_mime_magic</a></code>
165 module and are included here for compliance with contributors'
166 copyright restrictions that require their acknowledgment.</p>
169 <p>mod_mime_magic: MIME type lookup via file magic numbers<br />
170 Copyright (c) 1996-1997 Cisco Systems, Inc.</p>
172 <p>This software was submitted by Cisco Systems to the Apache Group
173 in July 1997. Future revisions and derivatives of this source code
174 must acknowledge Cisco Systems as the original contributor of this
175 module. All other licensing and usage conditions are those of the
178 <p>Some of this code is derived from the free version of the file
179 command originally posted to comp.sources.unix. Copyright info for
180 that program is included below as required.</p>
184 <p> - Copyright (c) Ian F. Darwin, 1987. Written by Ian F. Darwin.</p>
186 <p>This software is not subject to any license of the American
187 Telephone and Telegraph Company or of the Regents of the University
190 <p>Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
191 purpose on any computer system, and to alter it and redistribute it
192 freely, subject to the following restrictions:</p>
195 <li>The author is not responsible for the consequences of use of
196 this software, no matter how awful, even if they arise from flaws
199 <li>The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either
200 by explicit claim or by omission. Since few users ever read
201 sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>
203 <li>Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not
204 be misrepresented as being the original software. Since few users
205 ever read sources, credits must appear in the documentation.</li>
207 <li>This notice may not be removed or altered.</li>
212 <p>For compliance with Mr Darwin's terms: this has been very
213 significantly modified from the free "file" command.</p>
216 <li>all-in-one file for compilation convenience when moving from
217 one version of Apache to the next.</li>
219 <li>Memory allocation is done through the Apache API's pool
222 <li>All functions have had necessary Apache API request or server
223 structures passed to them where necessary to call other Apache API
224 routines. (<em>i.e.</em>, usually for logging, files, or memory
225 allocation in itself or a called function.)</li>
227 <li>struct magic has been converted from an array to a single-ended
228 linked list because it only grows one record at a time, it's only
229 accessed sequentially, and the Apache API has no equivalent of
230 <code>realloc()</code>.</li>
232 <li>Functions have been changed to get their parameters from the
233 server configuration instead of globals. (It should be reentrant
234 now but has not been tested in a threaded environment.)</li>
236 <li>Places where it used to print results to stdout now saves them
237 in a list where they're used to set the MIME type in the Apache
240 <li>Command-line flags have been removed since they will never be
245 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
246 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="MimeMagicFile" id="MimeMagicFile">MimeMagicFile</a> <a name="mimemagicfile" id="mimemagicfile">Directive</a></h2>
247 <table class="directive">
248 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Enable MIME-type determination based on file contents
249 using the specified magic file</td></tr>
250 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>MimeMagicFile <var>file-path</var></code></td></tr>
251 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
252 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Extension</td></tr>
253 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_mime_magic</td></tr>
255 <p>The <code class="directive">MimeMagicFile</code> directive can be used to
256 enable this module, the default file is distributed at
257 <code>conf/magic</code>. Non-rooted paths are relative to the
258 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>. Virtual hosts will use
259 the same file as the main server unless a more specific setting is
260 used, in which case the more specific setting overrides the main
263 <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
264 MimeMagicFile conf/magic
269 <div class="bottomlang">
270 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_mime_magic.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
271 </div><div id="footer">
272 <p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
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