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21 <div id="page-content">
22 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_log_config</h1>
24 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_log_config.html" title="English"> en </a> |
25 <a href="../ja/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
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29 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Logging of the requests made to the server</td></tr>
30 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
31 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>log_config_module</td></tr>
32 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>mod_log_config.c</td></tr></table>
35 <p>This module provides for flexible logging of client
36 requests. Logs are written in a customizable format, and may be
37 written directly to a file, or to an external program.
38 Conditional logging is provided so that individual requests may
39 be included or excluded from the logs based on characteristics
42 <p>Three directives are provided by this module:
43 <code class="directive"><a href="#transferlog">TransferLog</a></code> to create
44 a log file, <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>
45 to set a custom format, and <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> to define a log file and format in one
46 step. The <code class="directive">TransferLog</code> and <code class="directive">CustomLog</code> directives can be used multiple times in each
47 server to cause each request to be logged to multiple files.</p>
49 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
51 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#bufferedlogs">BufferedLogs</a></li>
52 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#cookielog">CookieLog</a></li>
53 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></li>
54 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></li>
55 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#transferlog">TransferLog</a></li>
59 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#formats">Custom Log Formats</a></li>
60 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#security">Security Considerations</a></li>
61 </ul><h3>See also</h3>
63 <li><a href="../logs.html">Apache Log Files</a></li>
65 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
67 <h2><a name="formats" id="formats">Custom Log Formats</a></h2>
69 <p>The format argument to the <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> directives is a string. This string is
70 used to log each request to the log file. It can contain literal
71 characters copied into the log files and the C-style control
72 characters "\n" and "\t" to represent new-lines and tabs.
73 Literal quotes and backslashes should be escaped with
76 <p>The characteristics of the request itself are logged by
77 placing "<code>%</code>" directives in the format string, which are
78 replaced in the log file by the values as follows:</p>
80 <table class="bordered"><tr class="header"><th>Format String</th>
81 <th>Description</th></tr>
82 <tr><td><code>%%</code></td>
83 <td>The percent sign (<em>Apache 2.0.44 and later</em>)</td></tr>
84 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...a</code></td>
85 <td>Remote IP-address</td></tr>
86 <tr><td><code>%...A</code></td>
87 <td>Local IP-address</td></tr>
88 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...B</code></td>
89 <td>Size of response in bytes, excluding HTTP headers.</td></tr>
90 <tr><td><code>%...b</code></td>
91 <td>Size of response in bytes, excluding HTTP headers. In CLF format, <em>i.e.</em>
92 a '<code>-</code>' rather than a 0 when no bytes are sent.</td></tr>
93 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...{<var>Foobar</var>}C</code></td>
94 <td>The contents of cookie <var>Foobar</var> in the request sent
95 to the server.</td></tr>
96 <tr><td><code>%...D</code></td>
97 <td>The time taken to serve the request, in microseconds.</td></tr>
98 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...{<var>FOOBAR</var>}e</code></td>
99 <td>The contents of the environment variable
100 <var>FOOBAR</var></td></tr>
101 <tr><td><code>%...f</code></td>
102 <td>Filename</td></tr>
103 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...h</code></td>
104 <td>Remote host</td></tr>
105 <tr><td><code>%...H</code></td>
106 <td>The request protocol</td></tr>
107 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...{<var>Foobar</var>}i</code></td>
108 <td>The contents of <code><var>Foobar</var>:</code> header line(s)
109 in the request sent to the server. Changes made by other
110 modules (e.g. <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_headers.html">mod_headers</a></code>) affect this.
112 <tr><td><code>%...l</code></td>
113 <td>Remote logname (from identd, if supplied). This will return a
114 dash unless <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#identitycheck">IdentityCheck</a></code> is set
115 <code>On</code>.</td></tr>
116 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...m</code></td>
117 <td>The request method</td></tr>
118 <tr><td><code>%...{<var>Foobar</var>}n</code></td>
119 <td>The contents of note <var>Foobar</var> from another
121 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...{<var>Foobar</var>}o</code></td>
122 <td>The contents of <code><var>Foobar</var>:</code> header line(s)
123 in the reply.</td></tr>
124 <tr><td><code>%...p</code></td>
125 <td>The canonical port of the server serving the request</td></tr>
126 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...P</code></td>
127 <td>The process ID of the child that serviced the request.</td></tr>
128 <tr><td><code>%...{<var>format</var>}P</code></td>
129 <td>The process ID or thread id of the child that serviced the
130 request. Valid formats are <code>pid</code> and <code>tid</code>.
131 (<em>Apache 2.0.46 and later</em>)
133 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...q</code></td>
134 <td>The query string (prepended with a <code>?</code> if a query
135 string exists, otherwise an empty string)</td></tr>
136 <tr><td><code>%...r</code></td>
137 <td>First line of request</td></tr>
138 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...s</code></td>
139 <td>Status. For requests that got internally redirected, this is
140 the status of the *original* request --- <code>%...>s</code>
141 for the last.</td></tr>
142 <tr><td><code>%...t</code></td>
143 <td>Time the request was received (standard english
145 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...{<var>format</var>}t</code></td>
146 <td>The time, in the form given by format, which should be in
147 <code>strftime(3)</code> format. (potentially localized)</td></tr>
148 <tr><td><code>%...T</code></td>
149 <td>The time taken to serve the request, in seconds.</td></tr>
150 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...u</code></td>
151 <td>Remote user (from auth; may be bogus if return status
152 (<code>%s</code>) is 401)</td></tr>
153 <tr><td><code>%...U</code></td>
154 <td>The URL path requested, not including any query string.</td></tr>
155 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...v</code></td>
156 <td>The canonical <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code>
157 of the server serving the request.</td></tr>
158 <tr><td><code>%...V</code></td>
159 <td>The server name according to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> setting.</td></tr>
160 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...X</code></td>
161 <td>Connection status when response is completed:
165 <tr><td><code>X</code> =</td>
166 <td>connection aborted before the response completed.</td></tr>
167 <tr><td><code>+</code> =</td>
168 <td>connection may be kept alive after the response is
170 <tr><td><code>-</code> = </td>
171 <td>connection will be closed after the response is
175 <p>(This directive was <code>%...c</code> in late versions of Apache
176 1.3, but this conflicted with the historical ssl
177 <code>%...{<var>var</var>}c</code> syntax.)</p></td></tr>
178 <tr><td><code>%...I</code></td>
179 <td>Bytes received, including request and headers, cannot be zero.
180 You need to enable <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_logio.html">mod_logio</a></code> to use this.</td></tr>
181 <tr class="odd"><td><code>%...O</code></td>
182 <td>Bytes sent, including headers, cannot be zero. You need to
183 enable <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_logio.html">mod_logio</a></code> to use this.</td></tr>
186 <p>The "<var>...</var>" can be nothing at all (<em>e.g.</em>,
187 <code>"%h %u %r %s %b"</code>), or it can indicate conditions for
188 inclusion of the item (which will cause it to be replaced with "-" if
189 the condition is not met). The forms of condition are a list of
190 HTTP status codes, which may or may not be preceded by "!".
191 Thus, "%400,501{User-agent}i" logs <code>User-agent:</code> on 400
192 errors and 501 errors (Bad Request, Not Implemented) only;
193 "%!200,304,302{Referer}i" logs <code>Referer:</code> on all requests
194 which did <em>not</em> return some sort of normal status.</p>
196 <p>The modifiers "<" and ">" can be used for requests that
197 have been internally redirected to choose whether the original or
198 final (respectively) request should be consulted. By default, the
199 <code>%</code> directives <code>%s, %U, %T, %D,</code> and
200 <code>%r</code> look at the original request while all others look
201 at the final request. So for example, <code>%>s</code> can be
202 used to record the final status of the request and
203 <code>%<u</code> can be used to record the original
204 authenticated user on a request that is internally redirected to an
205 unauthenticated resource.</p>
207 <p>Note that in httpd 2.0 versions prior to 2.0.46, no escaping was performed
208 on the strings from <code>%...r</code>, <code>%...i</code> and
209 <code>%...o</code>. This was mainly to comply with the requirements of
210 the Common Log Format. This implied that clients could insert control
211 characters into the log, so you had to be quite careful when dealing
212 with raw log files.</p>
214 <p>For security reasons, starting with 2.0.46, non-printable and
215 other special characters are escaped mostly by using
216 <code>\x<var>hh</var></code> sequences, where <var>hh</var> stands for
217 the hexadecimal representation of the raw byte. Exceptions from this
218 rule are <code>"</code> and <code>\</code> which are escaped by prepending
219 a backslash, and all whitespace characters which are written in their
220 C-style notation (<code>\n</code>, <code>\t</code> etc).</p>
222 <p>Note that in httpd 2.0, unlike 1.3, the <code>%b</code> and
223 <code>%B</code> format strings do not represent the number of
224 bytes sent to the client, but simply the size in bytes of the HTTP
225 response (which will differ, for instance, if the connection is
226 aborted, or if SSL is used). The <code>%O</code> format provided
227 by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_logio.html">mod_logio</a></code> will log the actual number of bytes
228 sent over the network.</p>
230 <p>Some commonly used log format strings are:</p>
233 <dt>Common Log Format (CLF)</dt>
234 <dd><code>"%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"</code></dd>
236 <dt>Common Log Format with Virtual Host</dt>
237 <dd><code>"%v %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"</code></dd>
239 <dt>NCSA extended/combined log format</dt>
240 <dd><code>"%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\"
241 \"%{User-agent}i\""</code></dd>
243 <dt>Referer log format</dt>
244 <dd><code>"%{Referer}i -> %U"</code></dd>
246 <dt>Agent (Browser) log format</dt>
247 <dd><code>"%{User-agent}i"</code></dd>
250 <p>Note that the canonical <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#servername">ServerName</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> of the server serving the
251 request are used for <code>%v</code> and <code>%p</code>
252 respectively. This happens regardless of the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#usecanonicalname">UseCanonicalName</a></code> setting
253 because otherwise log analysis programs would have to duplicate
254 the entire vhost matching algorithm in order to decide what
255 host really served the request.</p>
256 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
257 <div class="section">
258 <h2><a name="security" id="security">Security Considerations</a></h2>
259 <p>See the <a href="../misc/security_tips.html#serverroot">security tips</a>
260 document for details on why your security could be compromised
261 if the directory where logfiles are stored is writable by
262 anyone other than the user that starts the server.</p>
264 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
265 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="BufferedLogs" id="BufferedLogs">BufferedLogs</a> <a name="bufferedlogs" id="bufferedlogs">Directive</a></h2>
266 <table class="directive">
267 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Buffer log entries in memory before writing to disk</td></tr>
268 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>BufferedLogs On|Off</code></td></tr>
269 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>BufferedLogs Off</code></td></tr>
270 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
271 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
272 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
273 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in versions 2.0.41 and later.</td></tr>
275 <p>The <code class="directive">BufferedLogs</code> directive causes
276 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_log_config.html">mod_log_config</a></code> to store several log entries in
277 memory and write them together to disk, rather than writing them
278 after each request. On some systems, this may result in more
279 efficient disk access and hence higher performance. It may be
280 set only once for the entire server; it cannot be configured
281 per virtual-host.</p>
283 <div class="note">This directive is experimental and should be used with
287 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
288 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="CookieLog" id="CookieLog">CookieLog</a> <a name="cookielog" id="cookielog">Directive</a></h2>
289 <table class="directive">
290 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets filename for the logging of cookies</td></tr>
291 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>CookieLog <var>filename</var></code></td></tr>
292 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
293 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
294 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
295 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>This directive is deprecated.</td></tr>
297 <p>The <code class="directive">CookieLog</code> directive sets the
298 filename for logging of cookies. The filename is relative to the
299 <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>. This directive is
300 included only for compatibility with <code>mod_cookies</code>,
301 and is deprecated.</p>
304 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
305 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="CustomLog" id="CustomLog">CustomLog</a> <a name="customlog" id="customlog">Directive</a></h2>
306 <table class="directive">
307 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets filename and format of log file</td></tr>
308 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>CustomLog <var>file</var>|<var>pipe</var>
309 <var>format</var>|<var>nickname</var>
310 [env=[!]<var>environment-variable</var>]</code></td></tr>
311 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
312 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
313 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
315 <p>The <code class="directive">CustomLog</code> directive is used to
316 log requests to the server. A log format is specified, and the
317 logging can optionally be made conditional on request
318 characteristics using environment variables.</p>
320 <p>The first argument, which specifies the location to which
321 the logs will be written, can take one of the following two
325 <dt><var>file</var></dt>
326 <dd>A filename, relative to the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#serverroot">ServerRoot</a></code>.</dd>
328 <dt><var>pipe</var></dt>
329 <dd>The pipe character "<code>|</code>", followed by the path
330 to a program to receive the log information on its standard
333 <div class="warning"><h3>Security:</h3>
334 <p>If a program is used, then it will be run as the user who
335 started <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>. This will be root if the server was
336 started by root; be sure that the program is secure.</p>
338 <div class="warning"><h3>Note</h3>
339 <p>When entering a file path on non-Unix platforms, care should be taken
340 to make sure that only forward slashed are used even though the platform
341 may allow the use of back slashes. In general it is a good idea to always
342 use forward slashes throughout the configuration files.</p>
346 <p>The second argument specifies what will be written to the
347 log file. It can specify either a <var>nickname</var> defined by
348 a previous <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code>
349 directive, or it can be an explicit <var>format</var> string as
350 described in the <a href="#formats">log formats</a> section.</p>
352 <p>For example, the following two sets of directives have
353 exactly the same effect:</p>
355 <div class="example"><p><code>
356 # CustomLog with format nickname<br />
357 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common<br />
358 CustomLog logs/access_log common<br />
360 # CustomLog with explicit format string<br />
361 CustomLog logs/access_log "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"
364 <p>The third argument is optional and controls whether or
365 not to log a particular request based on the
366 presence or absence of a particular variable in the server
367 environment. If the specified <a href="../env.html">environment
368 variable</a> is set for the request (or is not set, in the case
369 of a '<code>env=!<var>name</var></code>' clause), then the
370 request will be logged.</p>
372 <p>Environment variables can be set on a per-request
373 basis using the <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_setenvif.html">mod_setenvif</a></code>
374 and/or <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> modules. For
375 example, if you want to record requests for all GIF
376 images on your server in a separate logfile but not in your main
377 log, you can use:</p>
379 <div class="example"><p><code>
380 SetEnvIf Request_URI \.gif$ gif-image<br />
381 CustomLog gif-requests.log common env=gif-image<br />
382 CustomLog nongif-requests.log common env=!gif-image
385 <p>Or, to reproduce the behavior of the old RefererIgnore
386 directive, you might use the following:</p>
388 <div class="example"><p><code>
389 SetEnvIf Referer example\.com localreferer<br />
390 CustomLog referer.log referer env=!localreferer
394 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
395 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LogFormat" id="LogFormat">LogFormat</a> <a name="logformat" id="logformat">Directive</a></h2>
396 <table class="directive">
397 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Describes a format for use in a log file</td></tr>
398 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LogFormat <var>format</var>|<var>nickname</var>
399 [<var>nickname</var>]</code></td></tr>
400 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b"</code></td></tr>
401 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
402 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
403 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
405 <p>This directive specifies the format of the access log
408 <p>The <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> directive can take one of two
409 forms. In the first form, where only one argument is specified,
410 this directive sets the log format which will be used by logs
411 specified in subsequent <code class="directive">TransferLog</code>
412 directives. The single argument can specify an explicit
413 <var>format</var> as discussed in the <a href="#formats">custom log
414 formats</a> section above. Alternatively, it can use a
415 <var>nickname</var> to refer to a log format defined in a
416 previous <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> directive as described
419 <p>The second form of the <code class="directive">LogFormat</code>
420 directive associates an explicit <var>format</var> with a
421 <var>nickname</var>. This <var>nickname</var> can then be used in
422 subsequent <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> or
423 <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code> directives
424 rather than repeating the entire format string. A
425 <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> directive that defines a nickname
426 <strong>does nothing else</strong> -- that is, it <em>only</em>
427 defines the nickname, it doesn't actually apply the format and make
428 it the default. Therefore, it will not affect subsequent
429 <code class="directive"><a href="#transferlog">TransferLog</a></code> directives.
430 In addition, <code class="directive">LogFormat</code> cannot use one nickname
431 to define another nickname. Note that the nickname should not contain
432 percent signs (<code>%</code>).</p>
434 <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
435 LogFormat "%v %h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" vhost_common
439 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
440 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="TransferLog" id="TransferLog">TransferLog</a> <a name="transferlog" id="transferlog">Directive</a></h2>
441 <table class="directive">
442 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specify location of a log file</td></tr>
443 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>TransferLog <var>file</var>|<var>pipe</var></code></td></tr>
444 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config, virtual host</td></tr>
445 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Base</td></tr>
446 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_log_config</td></tr>
448 <p>This directive has exactly the same arguments and effect as
449 the <code class="directive"><a href="#customlog">CustomLog</a></code>
450 directive, with the exception that it does not allow the log format
451 to be specified explicitly or for conditional logging of requests.
452 Instead, the log format is determined by the most recently specified
453 <code class="directive"><a href="#logformat">LogFormat</a></code> directive
454 which does not define a nickname. Common Log Format is used if no
455 other format has been specified.</p>
457 <div class="example"><h3>Example</h3><p><code>
458 LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-agent}i\""<br />
459 TransferLog logs/access_log
464 <div class="bottomlang">
465 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_log_config.html" title="English"> en </a> |
466 <a href="../ja/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ja" rel="alternate" title="Japanese"> ja </a> |
467 <a href="../ko/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="ko" rel="alternate" title="Korean"> ko </a> |
468 <a href="../tr/mod/mod_log_config.html" hreflang="tr" rel="alternate" title="Türkçe"> tr </a></p>
469 </div><div id="footer">
470 <p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
471 <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>