2 * Copyright (c) International Business Machines Corp., 2006
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 * (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See
12 * the GNU General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
18 * Author: Artem Bityutskiy (Битюцкий Артём)
22 * UBI attaching sub-system.
24 * This sub-system is responsible for attaching MTD devices and it also
25 * implements flash media scanning.
27 * The attaching information is represented by a &struct ubi_attach_info'
28 * object. Information about volumes is represented by &struct ubi_ainf_volume
29 * objects which are kept in volume RB-tree with root at the @volumes field.
30 * The RB-tree is indexed by the volume ID.
32 * Logical eraseblocks are represented by &struct ubi_ainf_peb objects. These
33 * objects are kept in per-volume RB-trees with the root at the corresponding
34 * &struct ubi_ainf_volume object. To put it differently, we keep an RB-tree of
35 * per-volume objects and each of these objects is the root of RB-tree of
38 * Corrupted physical eraseblocks are put to the @corr list, free physical
39 * eraseblocks are put to the @free list and the physical eraseblock to be
40 * erased are put to the @erase list.
45 * UBI protects EC and VID headers with CRC-32 checksums, so it can detect
46 * whether the headers are corrupted or not. Sometimes UBI also protects the
47 * data with CRC-32, e.g., when it executes the atomic LEB change operation, or
48 * when it moves the contents of a PEB for wear-leveling purposes.
50 * UBI tries to distinguish between 2 types of corruptions.
52 * 1. Corruptions caused by power cuts. These are expected corruptions and UBI
53 * tries to handle them gracefully, without printing too many warnings and
54 * error messages. The idea is that we do not lose important data in these
55 * cases - we may lose only the data which were being written to the media just
56 * before the power cut happened, and the upper layers (e.g., UBIFS) are
57 * supposed to handle such data losses (e.g., by using the FS journal).
59 * When UBI detects a corruption (CRC-32 mismatch) in a PEB, and it looks like
60 * the reason is a power cut, UBI puts this PEB to the @erase list, and all
61 * PEBs in the @erase list are scheduled for erasure later.
63 * 2. Unexpected corruptions which are not caused by power cuts. During
64 * attaching, such PEBs are put to the @corr list and UBI preserves them.
65 * Obviously, this lessens the amount of available PEBs, and if at some point
66 * UBI runs out of free PEBs, it switches to R/O mode. UBI also loudly informs
67 * about such PEBs every time the MTD device is attached.
69 * However, it is difficult to reliably distinguish between these types of
70 * corruptions and UBI's strategy is as follows (in case of attaching by
71 * scanning). UBI assumes corruption type 2 if the VID header is corrupted and
72 * the data area does not contain all 0xFFs, and there were no bit-flips or
73 * integrity errors (e.g., ECC errors in case of NAND) while reading the data
74 * area. Otherwise UBI assumes corruption type 1. So the decision criteria
76 * o If the data area contains only 0xFFs, there are no data, and it is safe
77 * to just erase this PEB - this is corruption type 1.
78 * o If the data area has bit-flips or data integrity errors (ECC errors on
79 * NAND), it is probably a PEB which was being erased when power cut
80 * happened, so this is corruption type 1. However, this is just a guess,
81 * which might be wrong.
82 * o Otherwise this is corruption type 2.
85 #include <linux/err.h>
86 #include <linux/slab.h>
87 #include <linux/crc32.h>
88 #include <linux/math64.h>
89 #include <linux/random.h>
92 static int self_check_ai(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai);
94 /* Temporary variables used during scanning */
95 static struct ubi_ec_hdr *ech;
96 static struct ubi_vid_hdr *vidh;
99 * add_to_list - add physical eraseblock to a list.
100 * @ai: attaching information
101 * @pnum: physical eraseblock number to add
102 * @vol_id: the last used volume id for the PEB
103 * @lnum: the last used LEB number for the PEB
104 * @ec: erase counter of the physical eraseblock
105 * @to_head: if not zero, add to the head of the list
106 * @list: the list to add to
108 * This function allocates a 'struct ubi_ainf_peb' object for physical
109 * eraseblock @pnum and adds it to the "free", "erase", or "alien" lists.
110 * It stores the @lnum and @vol_id alongside, which can both be
111 * %UBI_UNKNOWN if they are not available, not readable, or not assigned.
112 * If @to_head is not zero, PEB will be added to the head of the list, which
113 * basically means it will be processed first later. E.g., we add corrupted
114 * PEBs (corrupted due to power cuts) to the head of the erase list to make
115 * sure we erase them first and get rid of corruptions ASAP. This function
116 * returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of
119 static int add_to_list(struct ubi_attach_info *ai, int pnum, int vol_id,
120 int lnum, int ec, int to_head, struct list_head *list)
122 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;
124 if (list == &ai->free) {
125 dbg_bld("add to free: PEB %d, EC %d", pnum, ec);
126 } else if (list == &ai->erase) {
127 dbg_bld("add to erase: PEB %d, EC %d", pnum, ec);
128 } else if (list == &ai->alien) {
129 dbg_bld("add to alien: PEB %d, EC %d", pnum, ec);
130 ai->alien_peb_count += 1;
134 aeb = kmem_cache_alloc(ai->aeb_slab_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
139 aeb->vol_id = vol_id;
143 list_add(&aeb->u.list, list);
145 list_add_tail(&aeb->u.list, list);
150 * add_corrupted - add a corrupted physical eraseblock.
151 * @ai: attaching information
152 * @pnum: physical eraseblock number to add
153 * @ec: erase counter of the physical eraseblock
155 * This function allocates a 'struct ubi_ainf_peb' object for a corrupted
156 * physical eraseblock @pnum and adds it to the 'corr' list. The corruption
157 * was presumably not caused by a power cut. Returns zero in case of success
158 * and a negative error code in case of failure.
160 static int add_corrupted(struct ubi_attach_info *ai, int pnum, int ec)
162 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;
164 dbg_bld("add to corrupted: PEB %d, EC %d", pnum, ec);
166 aeb = kmem_cache_alloc(ai->aeb_slab_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
170 ai->corr_peb_count += 1;
173 list_add(&aeb->u.list, &ai->corr);
178 * validate_vid_hdr - check volume identifier header.
179 * @ubi: UBI device description object
180 * @vid_hdr: the volume identifier header to check
181 * @av: information about the volume this logical eraseblock belongs to
182 * @pnum: physical eraseblock number the VID header came from
184 * This function checks that data stored in @vid_hdr is consistent. Returns
185 * non-zero if an inconsistency was found and zero if not.
187 * Note, UBI does sanity check of everything it reads from the flash media.
188 * Most of the checks are done in the I/O sub-system. Here we check that the
189 * information in the VID header is consistent to the information in other VID
190 * headers of the same volume.
192 static int validate_vid_hdr(const struct ubi_device *ubi,
193 const struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid_hdr,
194 const struct ubi_ainf_volume *av, int pnum)
196 int vol_type = vid_hdr->vol_type;
197 int vol_id = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->vol_id);
198 int used_ebs = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->used_ebs);
199 int data_pad = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->data_pad);
201 if (av->leb_count != 0) {
205 * This is not the first logical eraseblock belonging to this
206 * volume. Ensure that the data in its VID header is consistent
207 * to the data in previous logical eraseblock headers.
210 if (vol_id != av->vol_id) {
211 ubi_err(ubi, "inconsistent vol_id");
215 if (av->vol_type == UBI_STATIC_VOLUME)
216 av_vol_type = UBI_VID_STATIC;
218 av_vol_type = UBI_VID_DYNAMIC;
220 if (vol_type != av_vol_type) {
221 ubi_err(ubi, "inconsistent vol_type");
225 if (used_ebs != av->used_ebs) {
226 ubi_err(ubi, "inconsistent used_ebs");
230 if (data_pad != av->data_pad) {
231 ubi_err(ubi, "inconsistent data_pad");
239 ubi_err(ubi, "inconsistent VID header at PEB %d", pnum);
240 ubi_dump_vid_hdr(vid_hdr);
246 * add_volume - add volume to the attaching information.
247 * @ai: attaching information
248 * @vol_id: ID of the volume to add
249 * @pnum: physical eraseblock number
250 * @vid_hdr: volume identifier header
252 * If the volume corresponding to the @vid_hdr logical eraseblock is already
253 * present in the attaching information, this function does nothing. Otherwise
254 * it adds corresponding volume to the attaching information. Returns a pointer
255 * to the allocated "av" object in case of success and a negative error code in
258 static struct ubi_ainf_volume *add_volume(struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
259 int vol_id, int pnum,
260 const struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid_hdr)
262 struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;
263 struct rb_node **p = &ai->volumes.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
265 ubi_assert(vol_id == be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->vol_id));
267 /* Walk the volume RB-tree to look if this volume is already present */
270 av = rb_entry(parent, struct ubi_ainf_volume, rb);
272 if (vol_id == av->vol_id)
275 if (vol_id > av->vol_id)
281 /* The volume is absent - add it */
282 av = kmalloc(sizeof(struct ubi_ainf_volume), GFP_KERNEL);
284 return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
286 av->highest_lnum = av->leb_count = 0;
289 av->used_ebs = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->used_ebs);
290 av->data_pad = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->data_pad);
291 av->compat = vid_hdr->compat;
292 av->vol_type = vid_hdr->vol_type == UBI_VID_DYNAMIC ? UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME
294 if (vol_id > ai->highest_vol_id)
295 ai->highest_vol_id = vol_id;
297 rb_link_node(&av->rb, parent, p);
298 rb_insert_color(&av->rb, &ai->volumes);
300 dbg_bld("added volume %d", vol_id);
305 * ubi_compare_lebs - find out which logical eraseblock is newer.
306 * @ubi: UBI device description object
307 * @aeb: first logical eraseblock to compare
308 * @pnum: physical eraseblock number of the second logical eraseblock to
310 * @vid_hdr: volume identifier header of the second logical eraseblock
312 * This function compares 2 copies of a LEB and informs which one is newer. In
313 * case of success this function returns a positive value, in case of failure, a
314 * negative error code is returned. The success return codes use the following
316 * o bit 0 is cleared: the first PEB (described by @aeb) is newer than the
317 * second PEB (described by @pnum and @vid_hdr);
318 * o bit 0 is set: the second PEB is newer;
319 * o bit 1 is cleared: no bit-flips were detected in the newer LEB;
320 * o bit 1 is set: bit-flips were detected in the newer LEB;
321 * o bit 2 is cleared: the older LEB is not corrupted;
322 * o bit 2 is set: the older LEB is corrupted.
324 int ubi_compare_lebs(struct ubi_device *ubi, const struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb,
325 int pnum, const struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid_hdr)
327 int len, err, second_is_newer, bitflips = 0, corrupted = 0;
328 uint32_t data_crc, crc;
329 struct ubi_vid_hdr *vh = NULL;
330 unsigned long long sqnum2 = be64_to_cpu(vid_hdr->sqnum);
332 if (sqnum2 == aeb->sqnum) {
334 * This must be a really ancient UBI image which has been
335 * created before sequence numbers support has been added. At
336 * that times we used 32-bit LEB versions stored in logical
337 * eraseblocks. That was before UBI got into mainline. We do not
338 * support these images anymore. Well, those images still work,
339 * but only if no unclean reboots happened.
341 ubi_err(ubi, "unsupported on-flash UBI format");
345 /* Obviously the LEB with lower sequence counter is older */
346 second_is_newer = (sqnum2 > aeb->sqnum);
349 * Now we know which copy is newer. If the copy flag of the PEB with
350 * newer version is not set, then we just return, otherwise we have to
351 * check data CRC. For the second PEB we already have the VID header,
352 * for the first one - we'll need to re-read it from flash.
354 * Note: this may be optimized so that we wouldn't read twice.
357 if (second_is_newer) {
358 if (!vid_hdr->copy_flag) {
359 /* It is not a copy, so it is newer */
360 dbg_bld("second PEB %d is newer, copy_flag is unset",
365 if (!aeb->copy_flag) {
366 /* It is not a copy, so it is newer */
367 dbg_bld("first PEB %d is newer, copy_flag is unset",
369 return bitflips << 1;
372 vh = ubi_zalloc_vid_hdr(ubi, GFP_KERNEL);
377 err = ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(ubi, pnum, vh, 0);
379 if (err == UBI_IO_BITFLIPS)
382 ubi_err(ubi, "VID of PEB %d header is bad, but it was OK earlier, err %d",
394 /* Read the data of the copy and check the CRC */
396 len = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->data_size);
398 mutex_lock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
399 err = ubi_io_read_data(ubi, ubi->peb_buf, pnum, 0, len);
400 if (err && err != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS && !mtd_is_eccerr(err))
403 data_crc = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->data_crc);
404 crc = crc32(UBI_CRC32_INIT, ubi->peb_buf, len);
405 if (crc != data_crc) {
406 dbg_bld("PEB %d CRC error: calculated %#08x, must be %#08x",
407 pnum, crc, data_crc);
410 second_is_newer = !second_is_newer;
412 dbg_bld("PEB %d CRC is OK", pnum);
415 mutex_unlock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
417 ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vh);
420 dbg_bld("second PEB %d is newer, copy_flag is set", pnum);
422 dbg_bld("first PEB %d is newer, copy_flag is set", pnum);
424 return second_is_newer | (bitflips << 1) | (corrupted << 2);
427 mutex_unlock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
429 ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vh);
434 * ubi_add_to_av - add used physical eraseblock to the attaching information.
435 * @ubi: UBI device description object
436 * @ai: attaching information
437 * @pnum: the physical eraseblock number
439 * @vid_hdr: the volume identifier header
440 * @bitflips: if bit-flips were detected when this physical eraseblock was read
442 * This function adds information about a used physical eraseblock to the
443 * 'used' tree of the corresponding volume. The function is rather complex
444 * because it has to handle cases when this is not the first physical
445 * eraseblock belonging to the same logical eraseblock, and the newer one has
446 * to be picked, while the older one has to be dropped. This function returns
447 * zero in case of success and a negative error code in case of failure.
449 int ubi_add_to_av(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai, int pnum,
450 int ec, const struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid_hdr, int bitflips)
452 int err, vol_id, lnum;
453 unsigned long long sqnum;
454 struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;
455 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;
456 struct rb_node **p, *parent = NULL;
458 vol_id = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->vol_id);
459 lnum = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->lnum);
460 sqnum = be64_to_cpu(vid_hdr->sqnum);
462 dbg_bld("PEB %d, LEB %d:%d, EC %d, sqnum %llu, bitflips %d",
463 pnum, vol_id, lnum, ec, sqnum, bitflips);
465 av = add_volume(ai, vol_id, pnum, vid_hdr);
469 if (ai->max_sqnum < sqnum)
470 ai->max_sqnum = sqnum;
473 * Walk the RB-tree of logical eraseblocks of volume @vol_id to look
474 * if this is the first instance of this logical eraseblock or not.
476 p = &av->root.rb_node;
481 aeb = rb_entry(parent, struct ubi_ainf_peb, u.rb);
482 if (lnum != aeb->lnum) {
483 if (lnum < aeb->lnum)
491 * There is already a physical eraseblock describing the same
492 * logical eraseblock present.
495 dbg_bld("this LEB already exists: PEB %d, sqnum %llu, EC %d",
496 aeb->pnum, aeb->sqnum, aeb->ec);
499 * Make sure that the logical eraseblocks have different
500 * sequence numbers. Otherwise the image is bad.
502 * However, if the sequence number is zero, we assume it must
503 * be an ancient UBI image from the era when UBI did not have
504 * sequence numbers. We still can attach these images, unless
505 * there is a need to distinguish between old and new
506 * eraseblocks, in which case we'll refuse the image in
507 * 'ubi_compare_lebs()'. In other words, we attach old clean
508 * images, but refuse attaching old images with duplicated
509 * logical eraseblocks because there was an unclean reboot.
511 if (aeb->sqnum == sqnum && sqnum != 0) {
512 ubi_err(ubi, "two LEBs with same sequence number %llu",
514 ubi_dump_aeb(aeb, 0);
515 ubi_dump_vid_hdr(vid_hdr);
520 * Now we have to drop the older one and preserve the newer
523 cmp_res = ubi_compare_lebs(ubi, aeb, pnum, vid_hdr);
529 * This logical eraseblock is newer than the one
532 err = validate_vid_hdr(ubi, vid_hdr, av, pnum);
536 err = add_to_list(ai, aeb->pnum, aeb->vol_id,
537 aeb->lnum, aeb->ec, cmp_res & 4,
544 aeb->vol_id = vol_id;
546 aeb->scrub = ((cmp_res & 2) || bitflips);
547 aeb->copy_flag = vid_hdr->copy_flag;
550 if (av->highest_lnum == lnum)
552 be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->data_size);
557 * This logical eraseblock is older than the one found
560 return add_to_list(ai, pnum, vol_id, lnum, ec,
561 cmp_res & 4, &ai->erase);
566 * We've met this logical eraseblock for the first time, add it to the
567 * attaching information.
570 err = validate_vid_hdr(ubi, vid_hdr, av, pnum);
574 aeb = kmem_cache_alloc(ai->aeb_slab_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
580 aeb->vol_id = vol_id;
582 aeb->scrub = bitflips;
583 aeb->copy_flag = vid_hdr->copy_flag;
586 if (av->highest_lnum <= lnum) {
587 av->highest_lnum = lnum;
588 av->last_data_size = be32_to_cpu(vid_hdr->data_size);
592 rb_link_node(&aeb->u.rb, parent, p);
593 rb_insert_color(&aeb->u.rb, &av->root);
598 * ubi_find_av - find volume in the attaching information.
599 * @ai: attaching information
600 * @vol_id: the requested volume ID
602 * This function returns a pointer to the volume description or %NULL if there
603 * are no data about this volume in the attaching information.
605 struct ubi_ainf_volume *ubi_find_av(const struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
608 struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;
609 struct rb_node *p = ai->volumes.rb_node;
612 av = rb_entry(p, struct ubi_ainf_volume, rb);
614 if (vol_id == av->vol_id)
617 if (vol_id > av->vol_id)
627 * ubi_remove_av - delete attaching information about a volume.
628 * @ai: attaching information
629 * @av: the volume attaching information to delete
631 void ubi_remove_av(struct ubi_attach_info *ai, struct ubi_ainf_volume *av)
634 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;
636 dbg_bld("remove attaching information about volume %d", av->vol_id);
638 while ((rb = rb_first(&av->root))) {
639 aeb = rb_entry(rb, struct ubi_ainf_peb, u.rb);
640 rb_erase(&aeb->u.rb, &av->root);
641 list_add_tail(&aeb->u.list, &ai->erase);
644 rb_erase(&av->rb, &ai->volumes);
650 * early_erase_peb - erase a physical eraseblock.
651 * @ubi: UBI device description object
652 * @ai: attaching information
653 * @pnum: physical eraseblock number to erase;
654 * @ec: erase counter value to write (%UBI_UNKNOWN if it is unknown)
656 * This function erases physical eraseblock 'pnum', and writes the erase
657 * counter header to it. This function should only be used on UBI device
658 * initialization stages, when the EBA sub-system had not been yet initialized.
659 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
662 static int early_erase_peb(struct ubi_device *ubi,
663 const struct ubi_attach_info *ai, int pnum, int ec)
666 struct ubi_ec_hdr *ec_hdr;
668 if ((long long)ec >= UBI_MAX_ERASECOUNTER) {
670 * Erase counter overflow. Upgrade UBI and use 64-bit
671 * erase counters internally.
673 ubi_err(ubi, "erase counter overflow at PEB %d, EC %d",
678 ec_hdr = kzalloc(ubi->ec_hdr_alsize, GFP_KERNEL);
682 ec_hdr->ec = cpu_to_be64(ec);
684 err = ubi_io_sync_erase(ubi, pnum, 0);
688 err = ubi_io_write_ec_hdr(ubi, pnum, ec_hdr);
696 * ubi_early_get_peb - get a free physical eraseblock.
697 * @ubi: UBI device description object
698 * @ai: attaching information
700 * This function returns a free physical eraseblock. It is supposed to be
701 * called on the UBI initialization stages when the wear-leveling sub-system is
702 * not initialized yet. This function picks a physical eraseblocks from one of
703 * the lists, writes the EC header if it is needed, and removes it from the
706 * This function returns a pointer to the "aeb" of the found free PEB in case
707 * of success and an error code in case of failure.
709 struct ubi_ainf_peb *ubi_early_get_peb(struct ubi_device *ubi,
710 struct ubi_attach_info *ai)
713 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb, *tmp_aeb;
715 if (!list_empty(&ai->free)) {
716 aeb = list_entry(ai->free.next, struct ubi_ainf_peb, u.list);
717 list_del(&aeb->u.list);
718 dbg_bld("return free PEB %d, EC %d", aeb->pnum, aeb->ec);
723 * We try to erase the first physical eraseblock from the erase list
724 * and pick it if we succeed, or try to erase the next one if not. And
725 * so forth. We don't want to take care about bad eraseblocks here -
726 * they'll be handled later.
728 list_for_each_entry_safe(aeb, tmp_aeb, &ai->erase, u.list) {
729 if (aeb->ec == UBI_UNKNOWN)
730 aeb->ec = ai->mean_ec;
732 err = early_erase_peb(ubi, ai, aeb->pnum, aeb->ec+1);
737 list_del(&aeb->u.list);
738 dbg_bld("return PEB %d, EC %d", aeb->pnum, aeb->ec);
742 ubi_err(ubi, "no free eraseblocks");
743 return ERR_PTR(-ENOSPC);
747 * check_corruption - check the data area of PEB.
748 * @ubi: UBI device description object
749 * @vid_hdr: the (corrupted) VID header of this PEB
750 * @pnum: the physical eraseblock number to check
752 * This is a helper function which is used to distinguish between VID header
753 * corruptions caused by power cuts and other reasons. If the PEB contains only
754 * 0xFF bytes in the data area, the VID header is most probably corrupted
755 * because of a power cut (%0 is returned in this case). Otherwise, it was
756 * probably corrupted for some other reasons (%1 is returned in this case). A
757 * negative error code is returned if a read error occurred.
759 * If the corruption reason was a power cut, UBI can safely erase this PEB.
760 * Otherwise, it should preserve it to avoid possibly destroying important
763 static int check_corruption(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_vid_hdr *vid_hdr,
768 mutex_lock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
769 memset(ubi->peb_buf, 0x00, ubi->leb_size);
771 err = ubi_io_read(ubi, ubi->peb_buf, pnum, ubi->leb_start,
773 if (err == UBI_IO_BITFLIPS || mtd_is_eccerr(err)) {
775 * Bit-flips or integrity errors while reading the data area.
776 * It is difficult to say for sure what type of corruption is
777 * this, but presumably a power cut happened while this PEB was
778 * erased, so it became unstable and corrupted, and should be
788 if (ubi_check_pattern(ubi->peb_buf, 0xFF, ubi->leb_size))
791 ubi_err(ubi, "PEB %d contains corrupted VID header, and the data does not contain all 0xFF",
793 ubi_err(ubi, "this may be a non-UBI PEB or a severe VID header corruption which requires manual inspection");
794 ubi_dump_vid_hdr(vid_hdr);
795 pr_err("hexdump of PEB %d offset %d, length %d",
796 pnum, ubi->leb_start, ubi->leb_size);
797 ubi_dbg_print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, "", DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET, 32, 1,
798 ubi->peb_buf, ubi->leb_size, 1);
802 mutex_unlock(&ubi->buf_mutex);
807 * scan_peb - scan and process UBI headers of a PEB.
808 * @ubi: UBI device description object
809 * @ai: attaching information
810 * @pnum: the physical eraseblock number
811 * @vid: The volume ID of the found volume will be stored in this pointer
812 * @sqnum: The sqnum of the found volume will be stored in this pointer
814 * This function reads UBI headers of PEB @pnum, checks them, and adds
815 * information about this PEB to the corresponding list or RB-tree in the
816 * "attaching info" structure. Returns zero if the physical eraseblock was
817 * successfully handled and a negative error code in case of failure.
819 static int scan_peb(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
820 int pnum, int *vid, unsigned long long *sqnum)
822 long long uninitialized_var(ec);
823 int err, bitflips = 0, vol_id = -1, ec_err = 0;
825 dbg_bld("scan PEB %d", pnum);
827 /* Skip bad physical eraseblocks */
828 err = ubi_io_is_bad(ubi, pnum);
832 ai->bad_peb_count += 1;
836 err = ubi_io_read_ec_hdr(ubi, pnum, ech, 0);
842 case UBI_IO_BITFLIPS:
846 ai->empty_peb_count += 1;
847 return add_to_list(ai, pnum, UBI_UNKNOWN, UBI_UNKNOWN,
848 UBI_UNKNOWN, 0, &ai->erase);
849 case UBI_IO_FF_BITFLIPS:
850 ai->empty_peb_count += 1;
851 return add_to_list(ai, pnum, UBI_UNKNOWN, UBI_UNKNOWN,
852 UBI_UNKNOWN, 1, &ai->erase);
853 case UBI_IO_BAD_HDR_EBADMSG:
856 * We have to also look at the VID header, possibly it is not
857 * corrupted. Set %bitflips flag in order to make this PEB be
858 * moved and EC be re-created.
865 ubi_err(ubi, "'ubi_io_read_ec_hdr()' returned unknown code %d",
873 /* Make sure UBI version is OK */
874 if (ech->version != UBI_VERSION) {
875 ubi_err(ubi, "this UBI version is %d, image version is %d",
876 UBI_VERSION, (int)ech->version);
880 ec = be64_to_cpu(ech->ec);
881 if (ec > UBI_MAX_ERASECOUNTER) {
883 * Erase counter overflow. The EC headers have 64 bits
884 * reserved, but we anyway make use of only 31 bit
885 * values, as this seems to be enough for any existing
886 * flash. Upgrade UBI and use 64-bit erase counters
889 ubi_err(ubi, "erase counter overflow, max is %d",
890 UBI_MAX_ERASECOUNTER);
891 ubi_dump_ec_hdr(ech);
896 * Make sure that all PEBs have the same image sequence number.
897 * This allows us to detect situations when users flash UBI
898 * images incorrectly, so that the flash has the new UBI image
899 * and leftovers from the old one. This feature was added
900 * relatively recently, and the sequence number was always
901 * zero, because old UBI implementations always set it to zero.
902 * For this reasons, we do not panic if some PEBs have zero
903 * sequence number, while other PEBs have non-zero sequence
906 image_seq = be32_to_cpu(ech->image_seq);
908 ubi->image_seq = image_seq;
909 if (image_seq && ubi->image_seq != image_seq) {
910 ubi_err(ubi, "bad image sequence number %d in PEB %d, expected %d",
911 image_seq, pnum, ubi->image_seq);
912 ubi_dump_ec_hdr(ech);
917 /* OK, we've done with the EC header, let's look at the VID header */
919 err = ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(ubi, pnum, vidh, 0);
925 case UBI_IO_BITFLIPS:
928 case UBI_IO_BAD_HDR_EBADMSG:
929 if (ec_err == UBI_IO_BAD_HDR_EBADMSG)
931 * Both EC and VID headers are corrupted and were read
932 * with data integrity error, probably this is a bad
933 * PEB, bit it is not marked as bad yet. This may also
934 * be a result of power cut during erasure.
936 ai->maybe_bad_peb_count += 1;
940 * Both headers are corrupted. There is a possibility
941 * that this a valid UBI PEB which has corresponding
942 * LEB, but the headers are corrupted. However, it is
943 * impossible to distinguish it from a PEB which just
944 * contains garbage because of a power cut during erase
945 * operation. So we just schedule this PEB for erasure.
947 * Besides, in case of NOR flash, we deliberately
948 * corrupt both headers because NOR flash erasure is
949 * slow and can start from the end.
954 * The EC was OK, but the VID header is corrupted. We
955 * have to check what is in the data area.
957 err = check_corruption(ubi, vidh, pnum);
962 /* This corruption is caused by a power cut */
963 err = add_to_list(ai, pnum, UBI_UNKNOWN,
964 UBI_UNKNOWN, ec, 1, &ai->erase);
966 /* This is an unexpected corruption */
967 err = add_corrupted(ai, pnum, ec);
971 case UBI_IO_FF_BITFLIPS:
972 err = add_to_list(ai, pnum, UBI_UNKNOWN, UBI_UNKNOWN,
978 if (ec_err || bitflips)
979 err = add_to_list(ai, pnum, UBI_UNKNOWN,
980 UBI_UNKNOWN, ec, 1, &ai->erase);
982 err = add_to_list(ai, pnum, UBI_UNKNOWN,
983 UBI_UNKNOWN, ec, 0, &ai->free);
988 ubi_err(ubi, "'ubi_io_read_vid_hdr()' returned unknown code %d",
993 vol_id = be32_to_cpu(vidh->vol_id);
997 *sqnum = be64_to_cpu(vidh->sqnum);
998 if (vol_id > UBI_MAX_VOLUMES && vol_id != UBI_LAYOUT_VOLUME_ID) {
999 int lnum = be32_to_cpu(vidh->lnum);
1001 /* Unsupported internal volume */
1002 switch (vidh->compat) {
1003 case UBI_COMPAT_DELETE:
1004 if (vol_id != UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID
1005 && vol_id != UBI_FM_DATA_VOLUME_ID) {
1006 ubi_msg(ubi, "\"delete\" compatible internal volume %d:%d found, will remove it",
1009 err = add_to_list(ai, pnum, vol_id, lnum,
1016 ubi_msg(ubi, "read-only compatible internal volume %d:%d found, switch to read-only mode",
1021 case UBI_COMPAT_PRESERVE:
1022 ubi_msg(ubi, "\"preserve\" compatible internal volume %d:%d found",
1024 err = add_to_list(ai, pnum, vol_id, lnum,
1030 case UBI_COMPAT_REJECT:
1031 ubi_err(ubi, "incompatible internal volume %d:%d found",
1038 ubi_warn(ubi, "valid VID header but corrupted EC header at PEB %d",
1040 err = ubi_add_to_av(ubi, ai, pnum, ec, vidh, bitflips);
1048 if (ec > ai->max_ec)
1050 if (ec < ai->min_ec)
1058 * late_analysis - analyze the overall situation with PEB.
1059 * @ubi: UBI device description object
1060 * @ai: attaching information
1062 * This is a helper function which takes a look what PEBs we have after we
1063 * gather information about all of them ("ai" is compete). It decides whether
1064 * the flash is empty and should be formatted of whether there are too many
1065 * corrupted PEBs and we should not attach this MTD device. Returns zero if we
1066 * should proceed with attaching the MTD device, and %-EINVAL if we should not.
1068 static int late_analysis(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai)
1070 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;
1071 int max_corr, peb_count;
1073 peb_count = ubi->peb_count - ai->bad_peb_count - ai->alien_peb_count;
1074 max_corr = peb_count / 20 ?: 8;
1077 * Few corrupted PEBs is not a problem and may be just a result of
1078 * unclean reboots. However, many of them may indicate some problems
1079 * with the flash HW or driver.
1081 if (ai->corr_peb_count) {
1082 ubi_err(ubi, "%d PEBs are corrupted and preserved",
1083 ai->corr_peb_count);
1084 pr_err("Corrupted PEBs are:");
1085 list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->corr, u.list)
1086 pr_cont(" %d", aeb->pnum);
1090 * If too many PEBs are corrupted, we refuse attaching,
1091 * otherwise, only print a warning.
1093 if (ai->corr_peb_count >= max_corr) {
1094 ubi_err(ubi, "too many corrupted PEBs, refusing");
1099 if (ai->empty_peb_count + ai->maybe_bad_peb_count == peb_count) {
1101 * All PEBs are empty, or almost all - a couple PEBs look like
1102 * they may be bad PEBs which were not marked as bad yet.
1104 * This piece of code basically tries to distinguish between
1105 * the following situations:
1107 * 1. Flash is empty, but there are few bad PEBs, which are not
1108 * marked as bad so far, and which were read with error. We
1109 * want to go ahead and format this flash. While formatting,
1110 * the faulty PEBs will probably be marked as bad.
1112 * 2. Flash contains non-UBI data and we do not want to format
1113 * it and destroy possibly important information.
1115 if (ai->maybe_bad_peb_count <= 2) {
1117 ubi_msg(ubi, "empty MTD device detected");
1118 get_random_bytes(&ubi->image_seq,
1119 sizeof(ubi->image_seq));
1121 ubi_err(ubi, "MTD device is not UBI-formatted and possibly contains non-UBI data - refusing it");
1131 * destroy_av - free volume attaching information.
1132 * @av: volume attaching information
1133 * @ai: attaching information
1135 * This function destroys the volume attaching information.
1137 static void destroy_av(struct ubi_attach_info *ai, struct ubi_ainf_volume *av)
1139 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;
1140 struct rb_node *this = av->root.rb_node;
1144 this = this->rb_left;
1145 else if (this->rb_right)
1146 this = this->rb_right;
1148 aeb = rb_entry(this, struct ubi_ainf_peb, u.rb);
1149 this = rb_parent(this);
1151 if (this->rb_left == &aeb->u.rb)
1152 this->rb_left = NULL;
1154 this->rb_right = NULL;
1157 kmem_cache_free(ai->aeb_slab_cache, aeb);
1164 * destroy_ai - destroy attaching information.
1165 * @ai: attaching information
1167 static void destroy_ai(struct ubi_attach_info *ai)
1169 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb, *aeb_tmp;
1170 struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;
1173 list_for_each_entry_safe(aeb, aeb_tmp, &ai->alien, u.list) {
1174 list_del(&aeb->u.list);
1175 kmem_cache_free(ai->aeb_slab_cache, aeb);
1177 list_for_each_entry_safe(aeb, aeb_tmp, &ai->erase, u.list) {
1178 list_del(&aeb->u.list);
1179 kmem_cache_free(ai->aeb_slab_cache, aeb);
1181 list_for_each_entry_safe(aeb, aeb_tmp, &ai->corr, u.list) {
1182 list_del(&aeb->u.list);
1183 kmem_cache_free(ai->aeb_slab_cache, aeb);
1185 list_for_each_entry_safe(aeb, aeb_tmp, &ai->free, u.list) {
1186 list_del(&aeb->u.list);
1187 kmem_cache_free(ai->aeb_slab_cache, aeb);
1190 /* Destroy the volume RB-tree */
1191 rb = ai->volumes.rb_node;
1195 else if (rb->rb_right)
1198 av = rb_entry(rb, struct ubi_ainf_volume, rb);
1202 if (rb->rb_left == &av->rb)
1205 rb->rb_right = NULL;
1212 if (ai->aeb_slab_cache)
1213 kmem_cache_destroy(ai->aeb_slab_cache);
1219 * scan_all - scan entire MTD device.
1220 * @ubi: UBI device description object
1221 * @ai: attach info object
1222 * @start: start scanning at this PEB
1224 * This function does full scanning of an MTD device and returns complete
1225 * information about it in form of a "struct ubi_attach_info" object. In case
1226 * of failure, an error code is returned.
1228 static int scan_all(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai,
1232 struct rb_node *rb1, *rb2;
1233 struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;
1234 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb;
1238 ech = kzalloc(ubi->ec_hdr_alsize, GFP_KERNEL);
1242 vidh = ubi_zalloc_vid_hdr(ubi, GFP_KERNEL);
1246 for (pnum = start; pnum < ubi->peb_count; pnum++) {
1249 dbg_gen("process PEB %d", pnum);
1250 err = scan_peb(ubi, ai, pnum, NULL, NULL);
1255 ubi_msg(ubi, "scanning is finished");
1257 /* Calculate mean erase counter */
1259 ai->mean_ec = div_u64(ai->ec_sum, ai->ec_count);
1261 err = late_analysis(ubi, ai);
1266 * In case of unknown erase counter we use the mean erase counter
1269 ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb1, av, &ai->volumes, rb) {
1270 ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb2, aeb, &av->root, u.rb)
1271 if (aeb->ec == UBI_UNKNOWN)
1272 aeb->ec = ai->mean_ec;
1275 list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->free, u.list) {
1276 if (aeb->ec == UBI_UNKNOWN)
1277 aeb->ec = ai->mean_ec;
1280 list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->corr, u.list)
1281 if (aeb->ec == UBI_UNKNOWN)
1282 aeb->ec = ai->mean_ec;
1284 list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->erase, u.list)
1285 if (aeb->ec == UBI_UNKNOWN)
1286 aeb->ec = ai->mean_ec;
1288 err = self_check_ai(ubi, ai);
1292 ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vidh);
1298 ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vidh);
1304 static struct ubi_attach_info *alloc_ai(void)
1306 struct ubi_attach_info *ai;
1308 ai = kzalloc(sizeof(struct ubi_attach_info), GFP_KERNEL);
1312 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ai->corr);
1313 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ai->free);
1314 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ai->erase);
1315 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ai->alien);
1316 ai->volumes = RB_ROOT;
1317 ai->aeb_slab_cache = kmem_cache_create("ubi_aeb_slab_cache",
1318 sizeof(struct ubi_ainf_peb),
1320 if (!ai->aeb_slab_cache) {
1328 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
1331 * scan_fastmap - try to find a fastmap and attach from it.
1332 * @ubi: UBI device description object
1333 * @ai: attach info object
1335 * Returns 0 on success, negative return values indicate an internal
1337 * UBI_NO_FASTMAP denotes that no fastmap was found.
1338 * UBI_BAD_FASTMAP denotes that the found fastmap was invalid.
1340 static int scan_fast(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info **ai)
1342 int err, pnum, fm_anchor = -1;
1343 unsigned long long max_sqnum = 0;
1347 ech = kzalloc(ubi->ec_hdr_alsize, GFP_KERNEL);
1351 vidh = ubi_zalloc_vid_hdr(ubi, GFP_KERNEL);
1355 for (pnum = 0; pnum < UBI_FM_MAX_START; pnum++) {
1357 unsigned long long sqnum = -1;
1360 dbg_gen("process PEB %d", pnum);
1361 err = scan_peb(ubi, *ai, pnum, &vol_id, &sqnum);
1365 if (vol_id == UBI_FM_SB_VOLUME_ID && sqnum > max_sqnum) {
1371 ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vidh);
1375 return UBI_NO_FASTMAP;
1382 return ubi_scan_fastmap(ubi, *ai, fm_anchor);
1385 ubi_free_vid_hdr(ubi, vidh);
1395 * ubi_attach - attach an MTD device.
1396 * @ubi: UBI device descriptor
1397 * @force_scan: if set to non-zero attach by scanning
1399 * This function returns zero in case of success and a negative error code in
1402 int ubi_attach(struct ubi_device *ubi, int force_scan)
1405 struct ubi_attach_info *ai;
1411 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
1412 /* On small flash devices we disable fastmap in any case. */
1413 if ((int)mtd_div_by_eb(ubi->mtd->size, ubi->mtd) <= UBI_FM_MAX_START) {
1414 ubi->fm_disabled = 1;
1419 err = scan_all(ubi, ai, 0);
1421 err = scan_fast(ubi, &ai);
1422 if (err > 0 || mtd_is_eccerr(err)) {
1423 if (err != UBI_NO_FASTMAP) {
1429 err = scan_all(ubi, ai, 0);
1431 err = scan_all(ubi, ai, UBI_FM_MAX_START);
1436 err = scan_all(ubi, ai, 0);
1441 ubi->bad_peb_count = ai->bad_peb_count;
1442 ubi->good_peb_count = ubi->peb_count - ubi->bad_peb_count;
1443 ubi->corr_peb_count = ai->corr_peb_count;
1444 ubi->max_ec = ai->max_ec;
1445 ubi->mean_ec = ai->mean_ec;
1446 dbg_gen("max. sequence number: %llu", ai->max_sqnum);
1448 err = ubi_read_volume_table(ubi, ai);
1452 err = ubi_wl_init(ubi, ai);
1456 err = ubi_eba_init(ubi, ai);
1460 #ifdef CONFIG_MTD_UBI_FASTMAP
1461 if (ubi->fm && ubi_dbg_chk_fastmap(ubi)) {
1462 struct ubi_attach_info *scan_ai;
1464 scan_ai = alloc_ai();
1470 err = scan_all(ubi, scan_ai, 0);
1472 destroy_ai(scan_ai);
1476 err = self_check_eba(ubi, ai, scan_ai);
1477 destroy_ai(scan_ai);
1490 ubi_free_internal_volumes(ubi);
1498 * self_check_ai - check the attaching information.
1499 * @ubi: UBI device description object
1500 * @ai: attaching information
1502 * This function returns zero if the attaching information is all right, and a
1503 * negative error code if not or if an error occurred.
1505 static int self_check_ai(struct ubi_device *ubi, struct ubi_attach_info *ai)
1507 int pnum, err, vols_found = 0;
1508 struct rb_node *rb1, *rb2;
1509 struct ubi_ainf_volume *av;
1510 struct ubi_ainf_peb *aeb, *last_aeb;
1513 if (!ubi_dbg_chk_gen(ubi))
1517 * At first, check that attaching information is OK.
1519 ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb1, av, &ai->volumes, rb) {
1527 ubi_err(ubi, "bad is_empty flag");
1531 if (av->vol_id < 0 || av->highest_lnum < 0 ||
1532 av->leb_count < 0 || av->vol_type < 0 || av->used_ebs < 0 ||
1533 av->data_pad < 0 || av->last_data_size < 0) {
1534 ubi_err(ubi, "negative values");
1538 if (av->vol_id >= UBI_MAX_VOLUMES &&
1539 av->vol_id < UBI_INTERNAL_VOL_START) {
1540 ubi_err(ubi, "bad vol_id");
1544 if (av->vol_id > ai->highest_vol_id) {
1545 ubi_err(ubi, "highest_vol_id is %d, but vol_id %d is there",
1546 ai->highest_vol_id, av->vol_id);
1550 if (av->vol_type != UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME &&
1551 av->vol_type != UBI_STATIC_VOLUME) {
1552 ubi_err(ubi, "bad vol_type");
1556 if (av->data_pad > ubi->leb_size / 2) {
1557 ubi_err(ubi, "bad data_pad");
1562 ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb2, aeb, &av->root, u.rb) {
1568 if (aeb->pnum < 0 || aeb->ec < 0) {
1569 ubi_err(ubi, "negative values");
1573 if (aeb->ec < ai->min_ec) {
1574 ubi_err(ubi, "bad ai->min_ec (%d), %d found",
1575 ai->min_ec, aeb->ec);
1579 if (aeb->ec > ai->max_ec) {
1580 ubi_err(ubi, "bad ai->max_ec (%d), %d found",
1581 ai->max_ec, aeb->ec);
1585 if (aeb->pnum >= ubi->peb_count) {
1586 ubi_err(ubi, "too high PEB number %d, total PEBs %d",
1587 aeb->pnum, ubi->peb_count);
1591 if (av->vol_type == UBI_STATIC_VOLUME) {
1592 if (aeb->lnum >= av->used_ebs) {
1593 ubi_err(ubi, "bad lnum or used_ebs");
1597 if (av->used_ebs != 0) {
1598 ubi_err(ubi, "non-zero used_ebs");
1603 if (aeb->lnum > av->highest_lnum) {
1604 ubi_err(ubi, "incorrect highest_lnum or lnum");
1609 if (av->leb_count != leb_count) {
1610 ubi_err(ubi, "bad leb_count, %d objects in the tree",
1620 if (aeb->lnum != av->highest_lnum) {
1621 ubi_err(ubi, "bad highest_lnum");
1626 if (vols_found != ai->vols_found) {
1627 ubi_err(ubi, "bad ai->vols_found %d, should be %d",
1628 ai->vols_found, vols_found);
1632 /* Check that attaching information is correct */
1633 ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb1, av, &ai->volumes, rb) {
1635 ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb2, aeb, &av->root, u.rb) {
1642 err = ubi_io_read_vid_hdr(ubi, aeb->pnum, vidh, 1);
1643 if (err && err != UBI_IO_BITFLIPS) {
1644 ubi_err(ubi, "VID header is not OK (%d)",
1651 vol_type = vidh->vol_type == UBI_VID_DYNAMIC ?
1652 UBI_DYNAMIC_VOLUME : UBI_STATIC_VOLUME;
1653 if (av->vol_type != vol_type) {
1654 ubi_err(ubi, "bad vol_type");
1658 if (aeb->sqnum != be64_to_cpu(vidh->sqnum)) {
1659 ubi_err(ubi, "bad sqnum %llu", aeb->sqnum);
1663 if (av->vol_id != be32_to_cpu(vidh->vol_id)) {
1664 ubi_err(ubi, "bad vol_id %d", av->vol_id);
1668 if (av->compat != vidh->compat) {
1669 ubi_err(ubi, "bad compat %d", vidh->compat);
1673 if (aeb->lnum != be32_to_cpu(vidh->lnum)) {
1674 ubi_err(ubi, "bad lnum %d", aeb->lnum);
1678 if (av->used_ebs != be32_to_cpu(vidh->used_ebs)) {
1679 ubi_err(ubi, "bad used_ebs %d", av->used_ebs);
1683 if (av->data_pad != be32_to_cpu(vidh->data_pad)) {
1684 ubi_err(ubi, "bad data_pad %d", av->data_pad);
1692 if (av->highest_lnum != be32_to_cpu(vidh->lnum)) {
1693 ubi_err(ubi, "bad highest_lnum %d", av->highest_lnum);
1697 if (av->last_data_size != be32_to_cpu(vidh->data_size)) {
1698 ubi_err(ubi, "bad last_data_size %d",
1699 av->last_data_size);
1705 * Make sure that all the physical eraseblocks are in one of the lists
1708 buf = kzalloc(ubi->peb_count, GFP_KERNEL);
1712 for (pnum = 0; pnum < ubi->peb_count; pnum++) {
1713 err = ubi_io_is_bad(ubi, pnum);
1721 ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb1, av, &ai->volumes, rb)
1722 ubi_rb_for_each_entry(rb2, aeb, &av->root, u.rb)
1725 list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->free, u.list)
1728 list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->corr, u.list)
1731 list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->erase, u.list)
1734 list_for_each_entry(aeb, &ai->alien, u.list)
1738 for (pnum = 0; pnum < ubi->peb_count; pnum++)
1740 ubi_err(ubi, "PEB %d is not referred", pnum);
1750 ubi_err(ubi, "bad attaching information about LEB %d", aeb->lnum);
1751 ubi_dump_aeb(aeb, 0);
1756 ubi_err(ubi, "bad attaching information about volume %d", av->vol_id);
1761 ubi_err(ubi, "bad attaching information about volume %d", av->vol_id);
1763 ubi_dump_vid_hdr(vidh);