remove ceph code
[stor4nfv.git] / src / ceph / src / test / librbd / fsx.cc
diff --git a/src/ceph/src/test/librbd/fsx.cc b/src/ceph/src/test/librbd/fsx.cc
deleted file mode 100644 (file)
index 85596ef..0000000
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2978 +0,0 @@
-// -*- mode:C++; tab-width:8; c-basic-offset:8; indent-tabs-mode:t -*-
-// vim: ts=8 sw=8 smarttab
-/*
- *     Copyright (C) 1991, NeXT Computer, Inc.  All Rights Reserverd.
- *
- *     File:   fsx.cc
- *     Author: Avadis Tevanian, Jr.
- *
- *     File system exerciser.
- *
- *     Rewritten 8/98 by Conrad Minshall.
- *
- *     Small changes to work under Linux -- davej.
- *
- *     Checks for mmap last-page zero fill.
- */
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <strings.h>
-#include <sys/file.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <linux/fs.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#ifdef HAVE_ERR_H
-#include <err.h>
-#endif
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <assert.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <math.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <random>
-
-#include "include/intarith.h"
-#include "include/krbd.h"
-#include "include/rados/librados.h"
-#include "include/rados/librados.hpp"
-#include "include/rbd/librbd.h"
-#include "include/rbd/librbd.hpp"
-#include "common/Cond.h"
-#include "common/SubProcess.h"
-#include "common/safe_io.h"
-#include "journal/Journaler.h"
-#include "journal/ReplayEntry.h"
-#include "journal/ReplayHandler.h"
-#include "journal/Settings.h"
-
-#include <boost/scope_exit.hpp>
-
-#define NUMPRINTCOLUMNS 32     /* # columns of data to print on each line */
-
-/*
- *     A log entry is an operation and a bunch of arguments.
- */
-
-struct log_entry {
-       int     operation;
-       int     args[3];
-};
-
-#define        LOGSIZE 1000
-
-struct log_entry       oplog[LOGSIZE]; /* the log */
-int                    logptr = 0;     /* current position in log */
-int                    logcount = 0;   /* total ops */
-
-/*
- * The operation matrix is complex due to conditional execution of different
- * features. Hence when we come to deciding what operation to run, we need to
- * be careful in how we select the different operations. The active operations
- * are mapped to numbers as follows:
- *
- *             lite    !lite
- * READ:       0       0
- * WRITE:      1       1
- * MAPREAD:    2       2
- * MAPWRITE:   3       3
- * TRUNCATE:   -       4
- * FALLOCATE:  -       5
- * PUNCH HOLE: -       6
- * WRITESAME:  -       7
- * COMPAREANDWRITE:    -       8
- *
- * When mapped read/writes are disabled, they are simply converted to normal
- * reads and writes. When fallocate/fpunch calls are disabled, they are
- * converted to OP_SKIPPED. Hence OP_SKIPPED needs to have a number higher than
- * the operation selction matrix, as does the OP_CLOSEOPEN which is an
- * operation modifier rather than an operation in itself.
- *
- * Because of the "lite" version, we also need to have different "maximum
- * operation" defines to allow the ops to be selected correctly based on the
- * mode being run.
- */
-
-/* common operations */
-#define        OP_READ         0
-#define OP_WRITE       1
-#define OP_MAPREAD     2
-#define OP_MAPWRITE    3
-#define OP_MAX_LITE    4
-
-/* !lite operations */
-#define OP_TRUNCATE    4
-#define OP_FALLOCATE   5
-#define OP_PUNCH_HOLE  6
-#define OP_WRITESAME   7
-#define OP_COMPARE_AND_WRITE   8
-/* rbd-specific operations */
-#define OP_CLONE        9
-#define OP_FLATTEN     10
-#define OP_MAX_FULL    11
-
-/* operation modifiers */
-#define OP_CLOSEOPEN   100
-#define OP_SKIPPED     101
-
-#undef PAGE_SIZE
-#define PAGE_SIZE       getpagesize()
-#undef PAGE_MASK
-#define PAGE_MASK       (PAGE_SIZE - 1)
-
-
-char   *original_buf;                  /* a pointer to the original data */
-char   *good_buf;                      /* a pointer to the correct data */
-char   *temp_buf;                      /* a pointer to the current data */
-
-char   dirpath[1024];
-
-off_t          file_size = 0;
-off_t          biggest = 0;
-unsigned long  testcalls = 0;          /* calls to function "test" */
-
-unsigned long  simulatedopcount = 0;   /* -b flag */
-int    closeprob = 0;                  /* -c flag */
-int    debug = 0;                      /* -d flag */
-unsigned long  debugstart = 0;         /* -D flag */
-int    flush_enabled = 0;              /* -f flag */
-int    holebdy = 1;                    /* -h flag */
-bool    journal_replay = false;         /* -j flah */
-int    keep_on_success = 0;            /* -k flag */
-int    do_fsync = 0;                   /* -y flag */
-unsigned long  maxfilelen = 256 * 1024;        /* -l flag */
-int    sizechecks = 1;                 /* -n flag disables them */
-int    maxoplen = 64 * 1024;           /* -o flag */
-int    quiet = 0;                      /* -q flag */
-unsigned long progressinterval = 0;    /* -p flag */
-int    readbdy = 1;                    /* -r flag */
-int    style = 0;                      /* -s flag */
-int    prealloc = 0;                   /* -x flag */
-int    truncbdy = 1;                   /* -t flag */
-int    writebdy = 1;                   /* -w flag */
-long   monitorstart = -1;              /* -m flag */
-long   monitorend = -1;                /* -m flag */
-int    lite = 0;                       /* -L flag */
-long   numops = -1;                    /* -N flag */
-int    randomoplen = 1;                /* -O flag disables it */
-int    seed = 1;                       /* -S flag */
-int     mapped_writes = 0;              /* -W flag disables */
-int     fallocate_calls = 0;            /* -F flag disables */
-int     punch_hole_calls = 1;           /* -H flag disables */
-int    clone_calls = 1;                /* -C flag disables */
-int    randomize_striping = 1;         /* -U flag disables */
-int    randomize_parent_overlap = 1;
-int    mapped_reads = 0;               /* -R flag disables it */
-int    fsxgoodfd = 0;
-int    o_direct = 0;                   /* -Z flag */
-
-int num_clones = 0;
-
-int page_size;
-int page_mask;
-int mmap_mask;
-
-FILE * fsxlogf = NULL;
-int badoff = -1;
-int closeopen = 0;
-
-void
-vwarnc(int code, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
-  fprintf(stderr, "fsx: ");
-  if (fmt != NULL) {
-       vfprintf(stderr, fmt, ap);
-       fprintf(stderr, ": ");
-  }
-  fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", strerror(code));
-}
-
-void
-warn(const char * fmt, ...)  {
-       va_list ap;
-       va_start(ap, fmt);
-       vwarnc(errno, fmt, ap);
-       va_end(ap);
-}
-
-#define BUF_SIZE 1024
-
-void
-prt(const char *fmt, ...)
-{
-       va_list args;
-       char buffer[BUF_SIZE];
-
-       va_start(args, fmt);
-       vsnprintf(buffer, BUF_SIZE, fmt, args);
-       va_end(args);
-       fprintf(stdout, "%s", buffer);
-       if (fsxlogf)
-               fprintf(fsxlogf, "%s", buffer);
-}
-
-void
-prterr(const char *prefix)
-{
-       prt("%s%s%s\n", prefix, prefix ? ": " : "", strerror(errno));
-}
-
-void
-prterrcode(const char *prefix, int code)
-{
-       prt("%s%s%s\n", prefix, prefix ? ": " : "", strerror(-code));
-}
-
-void
-simple_err(const char *msg, int err)
-{
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", msg, strerror(-err));
-}
-
-/*
- * random
- */
-std::mt19937 random_generator;
-
-uint_fast32_t
-get_random(void)
-{
-       return random_generator();
-}
-
-void replay_imagename(char *buf, size_t len, int clones);
-
-namespace {
-
-static const std::string JOURNAL_CLIENT_ID("fsx");
-
-struct ReplayHandler : public journal::ReplayHandler {
-        journal::Journaler *journaler;
-        journal::Journaler *replay_journaler;
-        Context *on_finish;
-
-        ReplayHandler(journal::Journaler *journaler,
-                      journal::Journaler *replay_journaler, Context *on_finish)
-                : journaler(journaler), replay_journaler(replay_journaler),
-                  on_finish(on_finish) {
-        }
-
-        void get() override {
-        }
-        void put() override {
-        }
-
-        void handle_entries_available() override {
-                while (true) {
-                        journal::ReplayEntry replay_entry;
-                        if (!journaler->try_pop_front(&replay_entry)) {
-                                return;
-                        }
-
-                        replay_journaler->append(0, replay_entry.get_data());
-                }
-        }
-
-        void handle_complete(int r) override {
-                on_finish->complete(r);
-        }
-};
-
-int get_image_id(librados::IoCtx &io_ctx, const char *image_name,
-                 std::string *image_id) {
-        librbd::RBD rbd;
-        librbd::Image image;
-        int r = rbd.open(io_ctx, image, image_name);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to open image", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        rbd_image_info_t info;
-        r = image.stat(info, sizeof(info));
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to stat image", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        *image_id = std::string(&info.block_name_prefix[strlen(RBD_DATA_PREFIX)]);
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int register_journal(rados_ioctx_t ioctx, const char *image_name) {
-        librados::IoCtx io_ctx;
-        librados::IoCtx::from_rados_ioctx_t(ioctx, io_ctx);
-
-        std::string image_id;
-        int r = get_image_id(io_ctx, image_name, &image_id);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        journal::Journaler journaler(io_ctx, image_id, JOURNAL_CLIENT_ID, {});
-        r = journaler.register_client(bufferlist());
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to register journal client", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int unregister_journal(rados_ioctx_t ioctx, const char *image_name) {
-        librados::IoCtx io_ctx;
-        librados::IoCtx::from_rados_ioctx_t(ioctx, io_ctx);
-
-        std::string image_id;
-        int r = get_image_id(io_ctx, image_name, &image_id);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        journal::Journaler journaler(io_ctx, image_id, JOURNAL_CLIENT_ID, {});
-        r = journaler.unregister_client();
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to unregister journal client", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int create_replay_image(rados_ioctx_t ioctx, int order,
-                        uint64_t stripe_unit, int stripe_count,
-                        const char *replay_image_name,
-                        const char *last_replay_image_name) {
-        librados::IoCtx io_ctx;
-        librados::IoCtx::from_rados_ioctx_t(ioctx, io_ctx);
-
-        int r;
-        librbd::RBD rbd;
-        if (last_replay_image_name == nullptr) {
-                r = rbd.create2(io_ctx, replay_image_name, 0,
-                                RBD_FEATURES_ALL, &order);
-        } else {
-                r = rbd.clone2(io_ctx, last_replay_image_name, "snap",
-                               io_ctx, replay_image_name, RBD_FEATURES_ALL,
-                               &order, stripe_unit, stripe_count);
-        }
-
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to create replay image", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int replay_journal(rados_ioctx_t ioctx, const char *image_name,
-                   const char *replay_image_name) {
-        librados::IoCtx io_ctx;
-        librados::IoCtx::from_rados_ioctx_t(ioctx, io_ctx);
-
-        std::string image_id;
-        int r = get_image_id(io_ctx, image_name, &image_id);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        std::string replay_image_id;
-        r = get_image_id(io_ctx, replay_image_name, &replay_image_id);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        journal::Journaler journaler(io_ctx, image_id, JOURNAL_CLIENT_ID, {});
-        C_SaferCond init_ctx;
-        journaler.init(&init_ctx);
-        BOOST_SCOPE_EXIT_ALL( (&journaler) ) {
-                journaler.shut_down();
-        };
-
-        r = init_ctx.wait();
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to initialize journal", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        journal::Journaler replay_journaler(io_ctx, replay_image_id, "", {});
-
-        C_SaferCond replay_init_ctx;
-        replay_journaler.init(&replay_init_ctx);
-        BOOST_SCOPE_EXIT_ALL( (&replay_journaler) ) {
-                replay_journaler.shut_down();
-        };
-
-        r = replay_init_ctx.wait();
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to initialize replay journal", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        replay_journaler.start_append(0, 0, 0);
-
-        C_SaferCond replay_ctx;
-        ReplayHandler replay_handler(&journaler, &replay_journaler,
-                                     &replay_ctx);
-
-        // copy journal events from source image to replay image
-        journaler.start_replay(&replay_handler);
-        r = replay_ctx.wait();
-
-        journaler.stop_replay();
-
-        C_SaferCond stop_ctx;
-        replay_journaler.stop_append(&stop_ctx);
-        int stop_r = stop_ctx.wait();
-        if (r == 0 && stop_r < 0) {
-                r = stop_r;
-        }
-
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to replay journal", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        librbd::RBD rbd;
-        librbd::Image image;
-        r = rbd.open(io_ctx, image, replay_image_name);
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to open replay image", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-
-        // perform an IO op to initiate the journal replay
-        bufferlist bl;
-        r = static_cast<ssize_t>(image.write(0, 0, bl));
-        if (r < 0) {
-                simple_err("failed to write to replay image", r);
-                return r;
-        }
-        return 0;
-}
-
-int finalize_journal(rados_ioctx_t ioctx, const char *imagename, int clones,
-                     int order, uint64_t stripe_unit, int stripe_count) {
-        char replayimagename[1024];
-        replay_imagename(replayimagename, sizeof(replayimagename), clones);
-
-        char lastreplayimagename[1024];
-        if (clones > 0) {
-                replay_imagename(lastreplayimagename,
-                                 sizeof(lastreplayimagename), clones - 1);
-        }
-
-        int ret = create_replay_image(ioctx, order, stripe_unit,
-                                      stripe_count, replayimagename,
-                                      clones > 0 ? lastreplayimagename :
-                                                   nullptr);
-        if (ret < 0) {
-                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-        }
-
-        ret = replay_journal(ioctx, imagename, replayimagename);
-        if (ret < 0) {
-                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-        }
-        return 0;
-}
-
-} // anonymous namespace
-
-/*
- * rbd
- */
-
-struct rbd_ctx {
-       const char *name;       /* image name */
-       rbd_image_t image;      /* image handle */
-       const char *krbd_name;  /* image /dev/rbd<id> name */ /* reused for nbd test */
-       int krbd_fd;            /* image /dev/rbd<id> fd */ /* reused for nbd test */
-};
-
-#define RBD_CTX_INIT   (struct rbd_ctx) { NULL, NULL, NULL, -1}
-
-struct rbd_operations {
-       int (*open)(const char *name, struct rbd_ctx *ctx);
-       int (*close)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx);
-       ssize_t (*read)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len, char *buf);
-       ssize_t (*write)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len, const char *buf);
-       int (*flush)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx);
-       int (*discard)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, uint64_t len);
-       int (*get_size)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t *size);
-       int (*resize)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t size);
-       int (*clone)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, const char *src_snapname,
-                    const char *dst_imagename, int *order, int stripe_unit,
-                    int stripe_count);
-       int (*flatten)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx);
-       ssize_t (*writesame)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len,
-                            const char *buf, size_t data_len);
-        ssize_t (*compare_and_write)(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len,
-                                     const char *cmp_buf, const char *buf);
-};
-
-char *pool;                    /* name of the pool our test image is in */
-char *iname;                   /* name of our test image */
-rados_t cluster;               /* handle for our test cluster */
-rados_ioctx_t ioctx;           /* handle for our test pool */
-struct krbd_ctx *krbd;         /* handle for libkrbd */
-bool skip_partial_discard;     /* rbd_skip_partial_discard config value*/
-
-/*
- * librbd/krbd rbd_operations handlers.  Given the rest of fsx.c, no
- * attempt to do error handling is made in these handlers.
- */
-
-int
-__librbd_open(const char *name, struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       rbd_image_t image;
-       int ret;
-
-       assert(!ctx->name && !ctx->image &&
-              !ctx->krbd_name && ctx->krbd_fd < 0);
-
-       ret = rbd_open(ioctx, name, &image, NULL);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_open(%s) failed\n", name);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       ctx->name = strdup(name);
-       ctx->image = image;
-       ctx->krbd_name = NULL;
-       ctx->krbd_fd = -1;
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-librbd_open(const char *name, struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       return __librbd_open(name, ctx);
-}
-
-int
-__librbd_close(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       assert(ctx->name && ctx->image);
-
-       ret = rbd_close(ctx->image);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_close(%s) failed\n", ctx->name);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       free((void *)ctx->name);
-
-       ctx->name = NULL;
-       ctx->image = NULL;
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-librbd_close(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       return __librbd_close(ctx);
-}
-
-int
-librbd_verify_object_map(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int n;
-       uint64_t flags;
-       n = rbd_get_flags(ctx->image, &flags);
-       if (n < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_get_flags() failed\n");
-               return n;
-       }
-
-       if ((flags & RBD_FLAG_OBJECT_MAP_INVALID) != 0) {
-               prt("rbd_get_flags() indicates object map is invalid\n");
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-ssize_t
-librbd_read(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len, char *buf)
-{
-       ssize_t n;
-
-       n = rbd_read(ctx->image, off, len, buf);
-       if (n < 0)
-               prt("rbd_read(%llu, %zu) failed\n", off, len);
-
-       return n;
-}
-
-ssize_t
-librbd_write(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len, const char *buf)
-{
-       ssize_t n;
-       int ret;
-
-       n = rbd_write(ctx->image, off, len, buf);
-       if (n < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_write(%llu, %zu) failed\n", off, len);
-               return n;
-       }
-
-       ret = librbd_verify_object_map(ctx);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               return ret;
-       }
-       return n;
-}
-
-int
-librbd_flush(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = rbd_flush(ctx->image);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_flush failed\n");
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       return librbd_verify_object_map(ctx);
-}
-
-int
-librbd_discard(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, uint64_t len)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = rbd_discard(ctx->image, off, len);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_discard(%llu, %llu) failed\n", off, len);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       return librbd_verify_object_map(ctx);
-}
-
-ssize_t
-librbd_writesame(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len,
-                 const char *buf, size_t data_len)
-{
-       ssize_t n;
-       int ret;
-
-       n = rbd_writesame(ctx->image, off, len, buf, data_len, 0);
-       if (n < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_writesame(%llu, %zu) failed\n", off, len);
-               return n;
-       }
-
-       ret = librbd_verify_object_map(ctx);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               return ret;
-       }
-       return n;
-}
-
-ssize_t
-librbd_compare_and_write(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len,
-                         const char *cmp_buf, const char *buf)
-{
-        ssize_t n;
-        int ret;
-        uint64_t mismatch_off = 0;
-
-        n = rbd_compare_and_write(ctx->image, off, len, cmp_buf, buf, &mismatch_off, 0);
-        if (n == -EINVAL) {
-                return n;
-        } else if (n < 0) {
-                prt("rbd_compare_and_write mismatch(%llu, %zu, %llu) failed\n",
-                    off, len, mismatch_off);
-                return n;
-        }
-
-        ret = librbd_verify_object_map(ctx);
-        if (ret < 0) {
-                return ret;
-        }
-        return n;
-
-}
-
-int
-librbd_get_size(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t *size)
-{
-       rbd_image_info_t info;
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = rbd_stat(ctx->image, &info, sizeof(info));
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_stat failed\n");
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       *size = info.size;
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-__librbd_resize(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t size)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = rbd_resize(ctx->image, size);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_resize(%llu) failed\n", size);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       return librbd_verify_object_map(ctx);
-}
-
-int
-librbd_resize(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t size)
-{
-       return __librbd_resize(ctx, size);
-}
-
-int
-__librbd_clone(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, const char *src_snapname,
-              const char *dst_imagename, int *order, int stripe_unit,
-              int stripe_count, bool krbd)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = rbd_snap_create(ctx->image, src_snapname);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_snap_create(%s@%s) failed\n", ctx->name,
-                   src_snapname);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       ret = rbd_snap_protect(ctx->image, src_snapname);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_snap_protect(%s@%s) failed\n", ctx->name,
-                   src_snapname);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       uint64_t features = RBD_FEATURES_ALL;
-       if (krbd) {
-               features &= ~(RBD_FEATURE_OBJECT_MAP     |
-                              RBD_FEATURE_FAST_DIFF      |
-                              RBD_FEATURE_DEEP_FLATTEN   |
-                              RBD_FEATURE_JOURNALING);
-       }
-       ret = rbd_clone2(ioctx, ctx->name, src_snapname, ioctx,
-                        dst_imagename, features, order,
-                        stripe_unit, stripe_count);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_clone2(%s@%s -> %s) failed\n", ctx->name,
-                   src_snapname, dst_imagename);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-librbd_clone(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, const char *src_snapname,
-            const char *dst_imagename, int *order, int stripe_unit,
-            int stripe_count)
-{
-       return __librbd_clone(ctx, src_snapname, dst_imagename, order,
-                             stripe_unit, stripe_count, false);
-}
-
-int
-__librbd_flatten(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = rbd_flatten(ctx->image);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("rbd_flatten failed\n");
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       return librbd_verify_object_map(ctx);
-}
-
-int
-librbd_flatten(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       return __librbd_flatten(ctx);
-}
-
-const struct rbd_operations librbd_operations = {
-       librbd_open,
-       librbd_close,
-       librbd_read,
-       librbd_write,
-       librbd_flush,
-       librbd_discard,
-       librbd_get_size,
-       librbd_resize,
-       librbd_clone,
-       librbd_flatten,
-       librbd_writesame,
-       librbd_compare_and_write,
-};
-
-int
-krbd_open(const char *name, struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       char *devnode;
-       int fd;
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = __librbd_open(name, ctx);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return ret;
-
-       ret = krbd_map(krbd, pool, name, "", "", &devnode);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("krbd_map(%s) failed\n", name);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       fd = open(devnode, O_RDWR | o_direct);
-       if (fd < 0) {
-               ret = -errno;
-               prt("open(%s) failed\n", devnode);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       ctx->krbd_name = devnode;
-       ctx->krbd_fd = fd;
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-krbd_close(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       assert(ctx->krbd_name && ctx->krbd_fd >= 0);
-
-       if (close(ctx->krbd_fd) < 0) {
-               ret = -errno;
-               prt("close(%s) failed\n", ctx->krbd_name);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       ret = krbd_unmap(krbd, ctx->krbd_name, "");
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prt("krbd_unmap(%s) failed\n", ctx->krbd_name);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       free((void *)ctx->krbd_name);
-
-       ctx->krbd_name = NULL;
-       ctx->krbd_fd = -1;
-
-       return __librbd_close(ctx);
-}
-
-ssize_t
-krbd_read(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len, char *buf)
-{
-       ssize_t n;
-
-       n = pread(ctx->krbd_fd, buf, len, off);
-       if (n < 0) {
-               n = -errno;
-               prt("pread(%llu, %zu) failed\n", off, len);
-               return n;
-       }
-
-       return n;
-}
-
-ssize_t
-krbd_write(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, size_t len, const char *buf)
-{
-       ssize_t n;
-
-       n = pwrite(ctx->krbd_fd, buf, len, off);
-       if (n < 0) {
-               n = -errno;
-               prt("pwrite(%llu, %zu) failed\n", off, len);
-               return n;
-       }
-
-       return n;
-}
-
-int
-__krbd_flush(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, bool invalidate)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       if (o_direct)
-               return 0;
-
-       /*
-        * BLKFLSBUF will sync the filesystem on top of the device (we
-        * don't care about that here, since we write directly to it),
-        * write out any dirty buffers and invalidate the buffer cache.
-        * It won't do a hardware cache flush.
-        *
-        * fsync() will write out any dirty buffers and do a hardware
-        * cache flush (which we don't care about either, because for
-        * krbd it's a noop).  It won't try to empty the buffer cache
-        * nor poke the filesystem before writing out.
-        *
-        * Given that, for our purposes, fsync is a flush, while
-        * BLKFLSBUF is a flush+invalidate.
-        */
-        if (invalidate)
-               ret = ioctl(ctx->krbd_fd, BLKFLSBUF, NULL);
-       else
-               ret = fsync(ctx->krbd_fd);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               ret = -errno;
-               prt("%s failed\n", invalidate ? "BLKFLSBUF" : "fsync");
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-krbd_flush(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       return __krbd_flush(ctx, false);
-}
-
-int
-krbd_discard(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t off, uint64_t len)
-{
-       uint64_t range[2] = { off, len };
-       int ret;
-
-       /*
-        * BLKDISCARD goes straight to disk and doesn't do anything
-        * about dirty buffers.  This means we need to flush so that
-        *
-        *   write 0..3M
-        *   discard 1..2M
-        *
-        * results in "data 0000 data" rather than "data data data" on
-        * disk and invalidate so that
-        *
-        *   discard 1..2M
-        *   read 0..3M
-        *
-        * returns "data 0000 data" rather than "data data data" in
-        * case 1..2M was cached.
-        */
-       ret = __krbd_flush(ctx, true);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return ret;
-
-       /*
-        * off and len must be 512-byte aligned, otherwise BLKDISCARD
-        * will fail with -EINVAL.  This means that -K (enable krbd
-        * mode) requires -h 512 or similar.
-        */
-       if (ioctl(ctx->krbd_fd, BLKDISCARD, &range) < 0) {
-               ret = -errno;
-               prt("BLKDISCARD(%llu, %llu) failed\n", off, len);
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-krbd_get_size(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t *size)
-{
-       uint64_t bytes;
-
-       if (ioctl(ctx->krbd_fd, BLKGETSIZE64, &bytes) < 0) {
-               int ret = -errno;
-               prt("BLKGETSIZE64 failed\n");
-               return ret;
-       }
-
-       *size = bytes;
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-krbd_resize(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, uint64_t size)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       assert(size % truncbdy == 0);
-
-       /*
-        * When krbd detects a size change, it calls revalidate_disk(),
-        * which ends up calling invalidate_bdev(), which invalidates
-        * clean pages and does nothing about dirty pages beyond the
-        * new size.  The preceding cache flush makes sure those pages
-        * are invalidated, which is what we need on shrink so that
-        *
-        *  write 0..1M
-        *  resize 0
-        *  resize 2M
-        *  read 0..2M
-        *
-        * returns "0000 0000" rather than "data 0000".
-        */
-       ret = __krbd_flush(ctx, false);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return ret;
-
-       return __librbd_resize(ctx, size);
-}
-
-int
-krbd_clone(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, const char *src_snapname,
-          const char *dst_imagename, int *order, int stripe_unit,
-          int stripe_count)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = __krbd_flush(ctx, false);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return ret;
-
-       return __librbd_clone(ctx, src_snapname, dst_imagename, order,
-                             stripe_unit, stripe_count, true);
-}
-
-int
-krbd_flatten(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = __krbd_flush(ctx, false);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return ret;
-
-       return __librbd_flatten(ctx);
-}
-
-const struct rbd_operations krbd_operations = {
-       krbd_open,
-       krbd_close,
-       krbd_read,
-       krbd_write,
-       krbd_flush,
-       krbd_discard,
-       krbd_get_size,
-       krbd_resize,
-       krbd_clone,
-       krbd_flatten,
-       NULL,
-};
-
-int
-nbd_open(const char *name, struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int r;
-       int fd;
-       char dev[4096];
-       char *devnode;
-
-       SubProcess process("rbd-nbd", SubProcess::KEEP, SubProcess::PIPE,
-                          SubProcess::KEEP);
-       process.add_cmd_arg("map");
-       std::string img;
-       img.append(pool);
-       img.append("/");
-       img.append(name);
-       process.add_cmd_arg(img.c_str());
-
-       r = __librbd_open(name, ctx);
-       if (r < 0)
-               return r;
-
-        r = process.spawn();
-        if (r < 0) {
-               prt("nbd_open failed to run rbd-nbd error: %s\n", process.err().c_str());
-               return r;
-        }
-       r = safe_read(process.get_stdout(), dev, sizeof(dev));
-       if (r < 0) {
-               prt("nbd_open failed to get nbd device path\n");
-               return r;
-       }
-       for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i)
-         if (dev[i] == 10 || dev[i] == 13)
-           dev[i] = 0;
-       dev[r] = 0;
-       r = process.join();
-       if (r) {
-               prt("rbd-nbd failed with error: %s", process.err().c_str());
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-
-       devnode = strdup(dev);
-       if (!devnode)
-               return -ENOMEM;
-
-       fd = open(devnode, O_RDWR | o_direct);
-       if (fd < 0) {
-               r = -errno;
-               prt("open(%s) failed\n", devnode);
-               return r;
-       }
-
-       ctx->krbd_name = devnode;
-       ctx->krbd_fd = fd;
-
-       return 0;
-}
-
-int
-nbd_close(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int r;
-
-       assert(ctx->krbd_name && ctx->krbd_fd >= 0);
-
-       if (close(ctx->krbd_fd) < 0) {
-               r = -errno;
-               prt("close(%s) failed\n", ctx->krbd_name);
-               return r;
-       }
-
-       SubProcess process("rbd-nbd");
-       process.add_cmd_arg("unmap");
-       process.add_cmd_arg(ctx->krbd_name);
-
-        r = process.spawn();
-        if (r < 0) {
-               prt("nbd_close failed to run rbd-nbd error: %s\n", process.err().c_str());
-               return r;
-        }
-       r = process.join();
-       if (r) {
-               prt("rbd-nbd failed with error: %d", process.err().c_str());
-               return -EINVAL;
-       }
-
-       free((void *)ctx->krbd_name);
-
-       ctx->krbd_name = NULL;
-       ctx->krbd_fd = -1;
-
-       return __librbd_close(ctx);
-}
-
-int
-nbd_clone(struct rbd_ctx *ctx, const char *src_snapname,
-         const char *dst_imagename, int *order, int stripe_unit,
-         int stripe_count)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = __krbd_flush(ctx, false);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               return ret;
-
-       return __librbd_clone(ctx, src_snapname, dst_imagename, order,
-                             stripe_unit, stripe_count, false);
-}
-
-const struct rbd_operations nbd_operations = {
-       nbd_open,
-       nbd_close,
-       krbd_read,
-       krbd_write,
-       krbd_flush,
-       krbd_discard,
-       krbd_get_size,
-       krbd_resize,
-       nbd_clone,
-       krbd_flatten,
-       NULL,
-};
-
-struct rbd_ctx ctx = RBD_CTX_INIT;
-const struct rbd_operations *ops = &librbd_operations;
-
-static bool rbd_image_has_parent(struct rbd_ctx *ctx)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = rbd_get_parent_info(ctx->image, NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
-       if (ret < 0 && ret != -ENOENT) {
-               prterrcode("rbd_get_parent_info", ret);
-               exit(1);
-       }
-
-       return !ret;
-}
-
-/*
- * fsx
- */
-
-void
-log4(int operation, int arg0, int arg1, int arg2)
-{
-       struct log_entry *le;
-
-       le = &oplog[logptr];
-       le->operation = operation;
-       if (closeopen)
-               le->operation = ~ le->operation;
-       le->args[0] = arg0;
-       le->args[1] = arg1;
-       le->args[2] = arg2;
-       logptr++;
-       logcount++;
-       if (logptr >= LOGSIZE)
-               logptr = 0;
-}
-
-void
-logdump(void)
-{
-       int     i, count, down;
-       struct log_entry        *lp;
-       const char *falloc_type[3] = {"PAST_EOF", "EXTENDING", "INTERIOR"};
-
-       prt("LOG DUMP (%d total operations):\n", logcount);
-       if (logcount < LOGSIZE) {
-               i = 0;
-               count = logcount;
-       } else {
-               i = logptr;
-               count = LOGSIZE;
-       }
-       for ( ; count > 0; count--) {
-               int opnum;
-
-               opnum = i+1 + (logcount/LOGSIZE)*LOGSIZE;
-               prt("%d(%3d mod 256): ", opnum, opnum%256);
-               lp = &oplog[i];
-               if ((closeopen = lp->operation < 0))
-                       lp->operation = ~ lp->operation;
-                       
-               switch (lp->operation) {
-               case OP_MAPREAD:
-                       prt("MAPREAD  0x%x thru 0x%x\t(0x%x bytes)",
-                           lp->args[0], lp->args[0] + lp->args[1] - 1,
-                           lp->args[1]);
-                       if (badoff >= lp->args[0] && badoff <
-                                                    lp->args[0] + lp->args[1])
-                               prt("\t***RRRR***");
-                       break;
-               case OP_MAPWRITE:
-                       prt("MAPWRITE 0x%x thru 0x%x\t(0x%x bytes)",
-                           lp->args[0], lp->args[0] + lp->args[1] - 1,
-                           lp->args[1]);
-                       if (badoff >= lp->args[0] && badoff <
-                                                    lp->args[0] + lp->args[1])
-                               prt("\t******WWWW");
-                       break;
-               case OP_READ:
-                       prt("READ     0x%x thru 0x%x\t(0x%x bytes)",
-                           lp->args[0], lp->args[0] + lp->args[1] - 1,
-                           lp->args[1]);
-                       if (badoff >= lp->args[0] &&
-                           badoff < lp->args[0] + lp->args[1])
-                               prt("\t***RRRR***");
-                       break;
-               case OP_WRITE:
-                       prt("WRITE    0x%x thru 0x%x\t(0x%x bytes)",
-                           lp->args[0], lp->args[0] + lp->args[1] - 1,
-                           lp->args[1]);
-                       if (lp->args[0] > lp->args[2])
-                               prt(" HOLE");
-                       else if (lp->args[0] + lp->args[1] > lp->args[2])
-                               prt(" EXTEND");
-                       if ((badoff >= lp->args[0] || badoff >=lp->args[2]) &&
-                           badoff < lp->args[0] + lp->args[1])
-                               prt("\t***WWWW");
-                       break;
-               case OP_TRUNCATE:
-                       down = lp->args[0] < lp->args[1];
-                       prt("TRUNCATE %s\tfrom 0x%x to 0x%x",
-                           down ? "DOWN" : "UP", lp->args[1], lp->args[0]);
-                       if (badoff >= lp->args[!down] &&
-                           badoff < lp->args[!!down])
-                               prt("\t******WWWW");
-                       break;
-               case OP_FALLOCATE:
-                       /* 0: offset 1: length 2: where alloced */
-                       prt("FALLOC   0x%x thru 0x%x\t(0x%x bytes) %s",
-                               lp->args[0], lp->args[0] + lp->args[1],
-                               lp->args[1], falloc_type[lp->args[2]]);
-                       if (badoff >= lp->args[0] &&
-                           badoff < lp->args[0] + lp->args[1])
-                               prt("\t******FFFF");
-                       break;
-               case OP_PUNCH_HOLE:
-                       prt("PUNCH    0x%x thru 0x%x\t(0x%x bytes)",
-                           lp->args[0], lp->args[0] + lp->args[1] - 1,
-                           lp->args[1]);
-                       if (badoff >= lp->args[0] && badoff <
-                                                    lp->args[0] + lp->args[1])
-                               prt("\t******PPPP");
-                       break;
-               case OP_WRITESAME:
-                       prt("WRITESAME    0x%x thru 0x%x\t(0x%x bytes) data_size 0x%x",
-                           lp->args[0], lp->args[0] + lp->args[1] - 1,
-                           lp->args[1], lp->args[2]);
-                       if (badoff >= lp->args[0] &&
-                               badoff < lp->args[0] + lp->args[1])
-                               prt("\t***WSWSWSWS");
-                       break;
-               case OP_COMPARE_AND_WRITE:
-                        prt("COMPARE_AND_WRITE    0x%x thru 0x%x\t(0x%x bytes)",
-                            lp->args[0], lp->args[0] + lp->args[1] - 1,
-                            lp->args[1]);
-                        if (lp->args[0] > lp->args[2])
-                            prt(" HOLE");
-                        else if (lp->args[0] + lp->args[1] > lp->args[2])
-                            prt(" EXTEND");
-                        if ((badoff >= lp->args[0] || badoff >=lp->args[2]) &&
-                                badoff < lp->args[0] + lp->args[1])
-                                prt("\t***WWWW");
-                        break;
-               case OP_CLONE:
-                       prt("CLONE");
-                       break;
-               case OP_FLATTEN:
-                       prt("FLATTEN");
-                       break;
-               case OP_SKIPPED:
-                       prt("SKIPPED (no operation)");
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       prt("BOGUS LOG ENTRY (operation code = %d)!",
-                           lp->operation);
-               }
-               if (closeopen)
-                       prt("\n\t\tCLOSE/OPEN");
-               prt("\n");
-               i++;
-               if (i == LOGSIZE)
-                       i = 0;
-       }
-}
-
-void
-save_buffer(char *buffer, off_t bufferlength, int fd)
-{
-       off_t ret;
-       ssize_t byteswritten;
-
-       if (fd <= 0 || bufferlength == 0)
-               return;
-
-       if (bufferlength > SSIZE_MAX) {
-               prt("fsx flaw: overflow in save_buffer\n");
-               exit(67);
-       }
-
-       ret = lseek(fd, (off_t)0, SEEK_SET);
-       if (ret == (off_t)-1)
-               prterr("save_buffer: lseek 0");
-       
-       byteswritten = write(fd, buffer, (size_t)bufferlength);
-       if (byteswritten != bufferlength) {
-               if (byteswritten == -1)
-                       prterr("save_buffer write");
-               else
-                       warn("save_buffer: short write, 0x%x bytes instead of 0x%llx\n",
-                            (unsigned)byteswritten,
-                            (unsigned long long)bufferlength);
-       }
-}
-
-
-void
-report_failure(int status)
-{
-       logdump();
-       
-       if (fsxgoodfd) {
-               if (good_buf) {
-                       save_buffer(good_buf, file_size, fsxgoodfd);
-                       prt("Correct content saved for comparison\n");
-                       prt("(maybe hexdump \"%s\" vs \"%s.fsxgood\")\n",
-                           iname, iname);
-               }
-               close(fsxgoodfd);
-       }
-       sleep(3);   // so the log can flush to disk.  KLUDGEY!
-       exit(status);
-}
-
-#define short_at(cp) ((unsigned short)((*((unsigned char *)(cp)) << 8) | \
-                                       *(((unsigned char *)(cp)) + 1)))
-
-int
-fsxcmp(char *good_buf, char *temp_buf, unsigned size)
-{
-       if (!skip_partial_discard) {
-               return memcmp(good_buf, temp_buf, size);
-       }
-
-       for (unsigned i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-               if (good_buf[i] != temp_buf[i] && good_buf[i] != 0) {
-                       return good_buf[i] - temp_buf[i];
-               }
-       }
-       return 0;
-}
-
-void
-check_buffers(char *good_buf, char *temp_buf, unsigned offset, unsigned size)
-{
-       if (fsxcmp(good_buf + offset, temp_buf, size) != 0) {
-               unsigned i = 0;
-               unsigned n = 0;
-
-               prt("READ BAD DATA: offset = 0x%x, size = 0x%x, fname = %s\n",
-                   offset, size, iname);
-               prt("OFFSET\tGOOD\tBAD\tRANGE\n");
-               while (size > 0) {
-                       unsigned char c = good_buf[offset];
-                       unsigned char t = temp_buf[i];
-                       if (c != t) {
-                               if (n < 16) {
-                                       unsigned bad = short_at(&temp_buf[i]);
-                                       prt("0x%5x\t0x%04x\t0x%04x", offset,
-                                           short_at(&good_buf[offset]), bad);
-                                       unsigned op = temp_buf[(offset & 1) ? i+1 : i];
-                                       prt("\t0x%5x\n", n);
-                                       if (op)
-                                               prt("operation# (mod 256) for "
-                                                 "the bad data may be %u\n",
-                                               ((unsigned)op & 0xff));
-                                       else
-                                               prt("operation# (mod 256) for "
-                                                 "the bad data unknown, check"
-                                                 " HOLE and EXTEND ops\n");
-                               }
-                               n++;
-                               badoff = offset;
-                       }
-                       offset++;
-                       i++;
-                       size--;
-               }
-               report_failure(110);
-       }
-}
-
-
-void
-check_size(void)
-{
-       uint64_t size;
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = ops->get_size(&ctx, &size);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               prterrcode("check_size: ops->get_size", ret);
-
-       if ((uint64_t)file_size != size) {
-               prt("Size error: expected 0x%llx stat 0x%llx\n",
-                   (unsigned long long)file_size,
-                   (unsigned long long)size);
-               report_failure(120);
-       }
-}
-
-#define TRUNC_HACK_SIZE        (200ULL << 9)   /* 512-byte aligned for krbd */
-
-void
-check_trunc_hack(void)
-{
-       uint64_t size;
-       int ret;
-
-       ret = ops->resize(&ctx, 0ULL);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               prterrcode("check_trunc_hack: ops->resize pre", ret);
-
-       ret = ops->resize(&ctx, TRUNC_HACK_SIZE);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               prterrcode("check_trunc_hack: ops->resize actual", ret);
-
-       ret = ops->get_size(&ctx, &size);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               prterrcode("check_trunc_hack: ops->get_size", ret);
-
-       if (size != TRUNC_HACK_SIZE) {
-               prt("no extend on truncate! not posix!\n");
-               exit(130);
-       }
-
-       ret = ops->resize(&ctx, 0ULL);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               prterrcode("check_trunc_hack: ops->resize post", ret);
-}
-
-int
-create_image()
-{
-       int r;
-       int order = 0;
-       char buf[32];
-
-       r = rados_create(&cluster, NULL);
-       if (r < 0) {
-               simple_err("Could not create cluster handle", r);
-               return r;
-       }
-       rados_conf_parse_env(cluster, NULL);
-       r = rados_conf_read_file(cluster, NULL);
-       if (r < 0) {
-               simple_err("Error reading ceph config file", r);
-               goto failed_shutdown;
-       }
-       r = rados_connect(cluster);
-       if (r < 0) {
-               simple_err("Error connecting to cluster", r);
-               goto failed_shutdown;
-       }
-       r = krbd_create_from_context(rados_cct(cluster), &krbd);
-       if (r < 0) {
-               simple_err("Could not create libkrbd handle", r);
-               goto failed_shutdown;
-       }
-
-       r = rados_pool_create(cluster, pool);
-       if (r < 0 && r != -EEXIST) {
-               simple_err("Error creating pool", r);
-               goto failed_krbd;
-       }
-       r = rados_ioctx_create(cluster, pool, &ioctx);
-       if (r < 0) {
-               simple_err("Error creating ioctx", r);
-               goto failed_krbd;
-       }
-        rados_application_enable(ioctx, "rbd", 1);
-
-       if (clone_calls || journal_replay) {
-                uint64_t features = 0;
-                if (clone_calls) {
-                        features |= RBD_FEATURE_LAYERING;
-                }
-                if (journal_replay) {
-                        features |= (RBD_FEATURE_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK |
-                                     RBD_FEATURE_JOURNALING);
-                }
-               r = rbd_create2(ioctx, iname, 0, features, &order);
-       } else {
-               r = rbd_create(ioctx, iname, 0, &order);
-       }
-       if (r < 0) {
-               simple_err("Error creating image", r);
-               goto failed_open;
-       }
-
-        if (journal_replay) {
-                r = register_journal(ioctx, iname);
-                if (r < 0) {
-                        goto failed_open;
-                }
-        }
-
-       r = rados_conf_get(cluster, "rbd_skip_partial_discard", buf,
-                          sizeof(buf));
-       if (r < 0) {
-               simple_err("Could not get rbd_skip_partial_discard value", r);
-               goto failed_open;
-       }
-       skip_partial_discard = (strcmp(buf, "true") == 0);
-
-       return 0;
-
- failed_open:
-       rados_ioctx_destroy(ioctx);
- failed_krbd:
-       krbd_destroy(krbd);
- failed_shutdown:
-       rados_shutdown(cluster);
-       return r;
-}
-
-void
-doflush(unsigned offset, unsigned size)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       if (o_direct)
-               return;
-
-       ret = ops->flush(&ctx);
-       if (ret < 0)
-               prterrcode("doflush: ops->flush", ret);
-}
-
-void
-doread(unsigned offset, unsigned size)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       offset -= offset % readbdy;
-       if (o_direct)
-               size -= size % readbdy;
-       if (size == 0) {
-               if (!quiet && testcalls > simulatedopcount && !o_direct)
-                       prt("skipping zero size read\n");
-               log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_READ, offset, size);
-               return;
-       }
-       if (size + offset > file_size) {
-               if (!quiet && testcalls > simulatedopcount)
-                       prt("skipping seek/read past end of file\n");
-               log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_READ, offset, size);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       log4(OP_READ, offset, size, 0);
-
-       if (testcalls <= simulatedopcount)
-               return;
-
-       if (!quiet &&
-               ((progressinterval && testcalls % progressinterval == 0)  ||
-               (debug &&
-                      (monitorstart == -1 ||
-                       (static_cast<long>(offset + size) > monitorstart &&
-                        (monitorend == -1 ||
-                         static_cast<long>(offset) <= monitorend))))))
-               prt("%lu read\t0x%x thru\t0x%x\t(0x%x bytes)\n", testcalls,
-                   offset, offset + size - 1, size);
-
-       ret = ops->read(&ctx, offset, size, temp_buf);
-       if (ret != (int)size) {
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       prterrcode("doread: ops->read", ret);
-               else
-                       prt("short read: 0x%x bytes instead of 0x%x\n",
-                           ret, size);
-               report_failure(141);
-       }
-
-       check_buffers(good_buf, temp_buf, offset, size);
-}
-
-
-void
-check_eofpage(char *s, unsigned offset, char *p, int size)
-{
-       unsigned long last_page, should_be_zero;
-
-       if (offset + size <= (file_size & ~page_mask))
-               return;
-       /*
-        * we landed in the last page of the file
-        * test to make sure the VM system provided 0's 
-        * beyond the true end of the file mapping
-        * (as required by mmap def in 1996 posix 1003.1)
-        */
-       last_page = ((unsigned long)p + (offset & page_mask) + size) & ~page_mask;
-
-       for (should_be_zero = last_page + (file_size & page_mask);
-            should_be_zero < last_page + page_size;
-            should_be_zero++)
-               if (*(char *)should_be_zero) {
-                       prt("Mapped %s: non-zero data past EOF (0x%llx) page offset 0x%x is 0x%04x\n",
-                           s, file_size - 1, should_be_zero & page_mask,
-                           short_at(should_be_zero));
-                       report_failure(205);
-               }
-}
-
-
-void
-gendata(char *original_buf, char *good_buf, unsigned offset, unsigned size)
-{
-       while (size--) {
-               good_buf[offset] = testcalls % 256; 
-               if (offset % 2)
-                       good_buf[offset] += original_buf[offset];
-               offset++;
-       }
-}
-
-
-void
-dowrite(unsigned offset, unsigned size)
-{
-       ssize_t ret;
-       off_t newsize;
-
-       offset -= offset % writebdy;
-       if (o_direct)
-               size -= size % writebdy;
-       if (size == 0) {
-               if (!quiet && testcalls > simulatedopcount && !o_direct)
-                       prt("skipping zero size write\n");
-               log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_WRITE, offset, size);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       log4(OP_WRITE, offset, size, file_size);
-
-       gendata(original_buf, good_buf, offset, size);
-       if (file_size < offset + size) {
-               newsize = ceil(((double)offset + size) / truncbdy) * truncbdy;
-               if (file_size < newsize)
-                       memset(good_buf + file_size, '\0', newsize - file_size);
-               file_size = newsize;
-               if (lite) {
-                       warn("Lite file size bug in fsx!");
-                       report_failure(149);
-               }
-               ret = ops->resize(&ctx, newsize);
-               if (ret < 0) {
-                       prterrcode("dowrite: ops->resize", ret);
-                       report_failure(150);
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (testcalls <= simulatedopcount)
-               return;
-
-       if (!quiet &&
-               ((progressinterval && testcalls % progressinterval == 0) ||
-                      (debug &&
-                      (monitorstart == -1 ||
-                       (static_cast<long>(offset + size) > monitorstart &&
-                        (monitorend == -1 ||
-                         static_cast<long>(offset) <= monitorend))))))
-               prt("%lu write\t0x%x thru\t0x%x\t(0x%x bytes)\n", testcalls,
-                   offset, offset + size - 1, size);
-
-       ret = ops->write(&ctx, offset, size, good_buf + offset);
-       if (ret != (ssize_t)size) {
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       prterrcode("dowrite: ops->write", ret);
-               else
-                       prt("short write: 0x%x bytes instead of 0x%x\n",
-                           ret, size);
-               report_failure(151);
-       }
-
-       if (flush_enabled)
-               doflush(offset, size);
-}
-
-
-void
-dotruncate(unsigned size)
-{
-       int oldsize = file_size;
-       int ret;
-
-       size -= size % truncbdy;
-       if (size > biggest) {
-               biggest = size;
-               if (!quiet && testcalls > simulatedopcount)
-                       prt("truncating to largest ever: 0x%x\n", size);
-       }
-
-       log4(OP_TRUNCATE, size, (unsigned)file_size, 0);
-
-       if (size > file_size)
-               memset(good_buf + file_size, '\0', size - file_size);
-       else if (size < file_size)
-               memset(good_buf + size, '\0', file_size - size);
-       file_size = size;
-
-       if (testcalls <= simulatedopcount)
-               return;
-
-       if ((progressinterval && testcalls % progressinterval == 0) ||
-           (debug && (monitorstart == -1 || monitorend == -1 ||
-                      (long)size <= monitorend)))
-               prt("%lu trunc\tfrom 0x%x to 0x%x\n", testcalls, oldsize, size);
-
-       ret = ops->resize(&ctx, size);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prterrcode("dotruncate: ops->resize", ret);
-               report_failure(160);
-       }
-}
-
-void
-do_punch_hole(unsigned offset, unsigned length)
-{
-       unsigned end_offset;
-       int max_offset = 0;
-       int max_len = 0;
-       int ret;
-
-       offset -= offset % holebdy;
-       length -= length % holebdy;
-       if (length == 0) {
-               if (!quiet && testcalls > simulatedopcount)
-                       prt("skipping zero length punch hole\n");
-               log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_PUNCH_HOLE, offset, length);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       if (file_size <= (loff_t)offset) {
-               if (!quiet && testcalls > simulatedopcount)
-                       prt("skipping hole punch off the end of the file\n");
-               log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_PUNCH_HOLE, offset, length);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       end_offset = offset + length;
-
-       log4(OP_PUNCH_HOLE, offset, length, 0);
-
-       if (testcalls <= simulatedopcount)
-               return;
-
-       if ((progressinterval && testcalls % progressinterval == 0) ||
-           (debug && (monitorstart == -1 || monitorend == -1 ||
-                      (long)end_offset <= monitorend))) {
-               prt("%lu punch\tfrom 0x%x to 0x%x, (0x%x bytes)\n", testcalls,
-                       offset, offset+length, length);
-       }
-
-       ret = ops->discard(&ctx, (unsigned long long)offset,
-                          (unsigned long long)length);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prterrcode("do_punch_hole: ops->discard", ret);
-               report_failure(161);
-       }
-
-       max_offset = offset < file_size ? offset : file_size;
-       max_len = max_offset + length <= file_size ? length :
-                       file_size - max_offset;
-       memset(good_buf + max_offset, '\0', max_len);
-}
-
-unsigned get_data_size(unsigned size)
-{
-       unsigned i;
-       unsigned hint;
-       unsigned max = sqrt((double)size) + 1;
-       unsigned good = 1;
-       unsigned curr = good;
-
-       hint = get_random() % max;
-
-       for (i = 1; i < max && curr < hint; i++) {
-               if (size % i == 0) {
-                       good = curr;
-                       curr = i;
-               }
-       }
-
-       if (curr == hint)
-               good = curr;
-
-       return good;
-}
-
-void
-dowritesame(unsigned offset, unsigned size)
-{
-       ssize_t ret;
-       off_t newsize;
-       unsigned buf_off;
-       unsigned data_size;
-       int n;
-
-       offset -= offset % writebdy;
-       if (o_direct)
-               size -= size % writebdy;
-       if (size == 0) {
-               if (!quiet && testcalls > simulatedopcount && !o_direct)
-                       prt("skipping zero size writesame\n");
-               log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_WRITESAME, offset, size);
-               return;
-       }
-
-       data_size = get_data_size(size);
-
-       log4(OP_WRITESAME, offset, size, data_size);
-
-       gendata(original_buf, good_buf, offset, data_size);
-       if (file_size < offset + size) {
-               newsize = ceil(((double)offset + size) / truncbdy) * truncbdy;
-               if (file_size < newsize)
-                       memset(good_buf + file_size, '\0', newsize - file_size);
-               file_size = newsize;
-               if (lite) {
-                       warn("Lite file size bug in fsx!");
-                       report_failure(162);
-               }
-               ret = ops->resize(&ctx, newsize);
-               if (ret < 0) {
-                       prterrcode("dowritesame: ops->resize", ret);
-                       report_failure(163);
-               }
-       }
-
-       for (n = size / data_size, buf_off = data_size; n > 1; n--) {
-               memcpy(good_buf + offset + buf_off, good_buf + offset, data_size);
-               buf_off += data_size;
-       }
-
-       if (testcalls <= simulatedopcount)
-               return;
-
-       if (!quiet &&
-               ((progressinterval && testcalls % progressinterval == 0) ||
-                      (debug &&
-                      (monitorstart == -1 ||
-                       (static_cast<long>(offset + size) > monitorstart &&
-                        (monitorend == -1 ||
-                         static_cast<long>(offset) <= monitorend))))))
-               prt("%lu writesame\t0x%x thru\t0x%x\tdata_size\t0x%x(0x%x bytes)\n", testcalls,
-                   offset, offset + size - 1, data_size, size);
-
-       ret = ops->writesame(&ctx, offset, size, good_buf + offset, data_size);
-       if (ret != (ssize_t)size) {
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       prterrcode("dowritesame: ops->writesame", ret);
-               else
-                       prt("short writesame: 0x%x bytes instead of 0x%x\n",
-                           ret, size);
-               report_failure(164);
-       }
-
-       if (flush_enabled)
-               doflush(offset, size);
-}
-
-void
-docompareandwrite(unsigned offset, unsigned size)
-{
-        int ret;
-
-        offset -= offset % writebdy;
-        if (o_direct)
-                size -= size % writebdy;
-
-        if (size == 0) {
-                if (!quiet && testcalls > simulatedopcount && !o_direct)
-                        prt("skipping zero size read\n");
-                log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_READ, offset, size);
-                return;
-        }
-
-        if (size + offset > file_size) {
-                if (!quiet && testcalls > simulatedopcount)
-                        prt("skipping seek/compare past end of file\n");
-                log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_COMPARE_AND_WRITE, offset, size);
-                return;
-        }
-
-        memcpy(temp_buf + offset, good_buf + offset, size);
-       gendata(original_buf, good_buf, offset, size);
-        log4(OP_COMPARE_AND_WRITE, offset, size, 0);
-
-        if (testcalls <= simulatedopcount)
-                return;
-
-        if (!quiet &&
-               ((progressinterval && testcalls % progressinterval == 0) ||
-                      (debug &&
-                      (monitorstart == -1 ||
-                       (static_cast<long>(offset + size) > monitorstart &&
-                        (monitorend == -1 ||
-                         static_cast<long>(offset) <= monitorend))))))
-               prt("%lu compareandwrite\t0x%x thru\t0x%x\t(0x%x bytes)\n", testcalls,
-                   offset, offset + size - 1, size);
-
-        ret = ops->compare_and_write(&ctx, offset, size, temp_buf + offset,
-                                     good_buf + offset);
-        if (ret != (ssize_t)size) {
-                if (ret == -EINVAL) {
-                        memcpy(good_buf + offset, temp_buf + offset, size);
-                        return;
-                }
-                if (ret < 0)
-                        prterrcode("docompareandwrite: ops->compare_and_write", ret);
-                else
-                        prt("short write: 0x%x bytes instead of 0x%x\n", ret, size);
-                report_failure(151);
-                return;
-        }
-
-        if (flush_enabled)
-                doflush(offset, size);
-}
-
-void clone_filename(char *buf, size_t len, int clones)
-{
-       snprintf(buf, len, "%s/fsx-%s-parent%d",
-                dirpath, iname, clones);
-}
-
-void clone_imagename(char *buf, size_t len, int clones)
-{
-       if (clones > 0)
-               snprintf(buf, len, "%s-clone%d", iname, clones);
-       else
-               strncpy(buf, iname, len);
-        buf[len - 1] = '\0';
-}
-
-void replay_imagename(char *buf, size_t len, int clones)
-{
-        clone_imagename(buf, len, clones);
-        strncat(buf, "-replay", len - strlen(buf));
-        buf[len - 1] = '\0';
-}
-
-void check_clone(int clonenum, bool replay_image);
-
-void
-do_clone()
-{
-       char filename[1024];
-       char imagename[1024];
-       char lastimagename[1024];
-       int ret, fd;
-       int order = 0, stripe_unit = 0, stripe_count = 0;
-       uint64_t newsize = file_size;
-
-       log4(OP_CLONE, 0, 0, 0);
-       ++num_clones;
-
-       if (randomize_striping) {
-               order = 18 + get_random() % 8;
-               stripe_unit = 1ull << (order - 1 - (get_random() % 8));
-               stripe_count = 2 + get_random() % 14;
-       }
-
-       prt("%lu clone\t%d order %d su %d sc %d\n", testcalls, num_clones,
-           order, stripe_unit, stripe_count);
-
-       clone_imagename(imagename, sizeof(imagename), num_clones);
-       clone_imagename(lastimagename, sizeof(lastimagename),
-                       num_clones - 1);
-       assert(strcmp(lastimagename, ctx.name) == 0);
-
-       ret = ops->clone(&ctx, "snap", imagename, &order, stripe_unit,
-                        stripe_count);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prterrcode("do_clone: ops->clone", ret);
-               exit(165);
-       }
-
-       if (randomize_parent_overlap && rbd_image_has_parent(&ctx)) {
-               int rand = get_random() % 16 + 1; // [1..16]
-
-               if (rand < 13) {
-                       uint64_t overlap;
-
-                       ret = rbd_get_overlap(ctx.image, &overlap);
-                       if (ret < 0) {
-                               prterrcode("do_clone: rbd_get_overlap", ret);
-                               exit(1);
-                       }
-
-                       if (rand < 10) {        // 9/16
-                               newsize = overlap * ((double)rand / 10);
-                               newsize -= newsize % truncbdy;
-                       } else {                // 3/16
-                               newsize = 0;
-                       }
-
-                       assert(newsize != (uint64_t)file_size);
-                       prt("truncating image %s from 0x%llx (overlap 0x%llx) to 0x%llx\n",
-                           ctx.name, file_size, overlap, newsize);
-
-                       ret = ops->resize(&ctx, newsize);
-                       if (ret < 0) {
-                               prterrcode("do_clone: ops->resize", ret);
-                               exit(1);
-                       }
-               } else if (rand < 15) {         // 2/16
-                       prt("flattening image %s\n", ctx.name);
-
-                       ret = ops->flatten(&ctx);
-                       if (ret < 0) {
-                               prterrcode("do_clone: ops->flatten", ret);
-                               exit(1);
-                       }
-               } else {                        // 2/16
-                       prt("leaving image %s intact\n", ctx.name);
-               }
-       }
-
-       clone_filename(filename, sizeof(filename), num_clones);
-       if ((fd = open(filename, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666)) < 0) {
-               simple_err("do_clone: open", -errno);
-               exit(162);
-       }
-       save_buffer(good_buf, newsize, fd);
-       if ((ret = close(fd)) < 0) {
-               simple_err("do_clone: close", -errno);
-               exit(163);
-       }
-
-       /*
-        * Close parent.
-        */
-       if ((ret = ops->close(&ctx)) < 0) {
-               prterrcode("do_clone: ops->close", ret);
-               exit(174);
-       }
-
-        if (journal_replay) {
-                ret = finalize_journal(ioctx, lastimagename, num_clones - 1,
-                                       order, stripe_unit, stripe_count);
-                if (ret < 0) {
-                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-                }
-
-                ret = register_journal(ioctx, imagename);
-                if (ret < 0) {
-                        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
-                }
-        }
-
-       /*
-        * Open freshly made clone.
-        */
-       if ((ret = ops->open(imagename, &ctx)) < 0) {
-               prterrcode("do_clone: ops->open", ret);
-               exit(166);
-       }
-
-       if (num_clones > 1) {
-                if (journal_replay) {
-                       check_clone(num_clones - 2, true);
-                }
-               check_clone(num_clones - 2, false);
-        }
-}
-
-void
-check_clone(int clonenum, bool replay_image)
-{
-       char filename[128];
-       char imagename[128];
-       int ret, fd;
-       struct rbd_ctx cur_ctx = RBD_CTX_INIT;
-       struct stat file_info;
-       char *good_buf, *temp_buf;
-
-        if (replay_image) {
-                replay_imagename(imagename, sizeof(imagename), clonenum);
-        } else {
-               clone_imagename(imagename, sizeof(imagename), clonenum);
-        }
-
-       if ((ret = ops->open(imagename, &cur_ctx)) < 0) {
-               prterrcode("check_clone: ops->open", ret);
-               exit(167);
-       }
-
-       clone_filename(filename, sizeof(filename), clonenum + 1);
-       if ((fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
-               simple_err("check_clone: open", -errno);
-               exit(168);
-       }
-
-       prt("checking clone #%d, image %s against file %s\n",
-           clonenum, imagename, filename);
-       if ((ret = fstat(fd, &file_info)) < 0) {
-               simple_err("check_clone: fstat", -errno);
-               exit(169);
-       }
-
-       good_buf = NULL;
-       ret = posix_memalign((void **)&good_buf,
-                            MAX(writebdy, (int)sizeof(void *)),
-                            file_info.st_size);
-       if (ret > 0) {
-               prterrcode("check_clone: posix_memalign(good_buf)", -ret);
-               exit(96);
-       }
-
-       temp_buf = NULL;
-       ret = posix_memalign((void **)&temp_buf,
-                            MAX(readbdy, (int)sizeof(void *)),
-                            file_info.st_size);
-       if (ret > 0) {
-               prterrcode("check_clone: posix_memalign(temp_buf)", -ret);
-               exit(97);
-       }
-
-       if ((ret = pread(fd, good_buf, file_info.st_size, 0)) < 0) {
-               simple_err("check_clone: pread", -errno);
-               exit(170);
-       }
-       if ((ret = ops->read(&cur_ctx, 0, file_info.st_size, temp_buf)) < 0) {
-               prterrcode("check_clone: ops->read", ret);
-               exit(171);
-       }
-       close(fd);
-       if ((ret = ops->close(&cur_ctx)) < 0) {
-               prterrcode("check_clone: ops->close", ret);
-               exit(174);
-       }
-       check_buffers(good_buf, temp_buf, 0, file_info.st_size);
-
-        if (!replay_image) {
-               unlink(filename);
-        }
-
-       free(good_buf);
-       free(temp_buf);
-}
-
-void
-writefileimage()
-{
-       ssize_t ret;
-
-       ret = ops->write(&ctx, 0, file_size, good_buf);
-       if (ret != file_size) {
-               if (ret < 0)
-                       prterrcode("writefileimage: ops->write", ret);
-               else
-                       prt("short write: 0x%x bytes instead of 0x%llx\n",
-                           ret, (unsigned long long)file_size);
-               report_failure(172);
-       }
-
-       if (!lite) {
-               ret = ops->resize(&ctx, file_size);
-               if (ret < 0) {
-                       prterrcode("writefileimage: ops->resize", ret);
-                       report_failure(173);
-               }
-       }
-}
-
-void
-do_flatten()
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       if (!rbd_image_has_parent(&ctx)) {
-               log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_FLATTEN, 0, 0);
-               return;
-       }
-       log4(OP_FLATTEN, 0, 0, 0);
-       prt("%lu flatten\n", testcalls);
-
-       ret = ops->flatten(&ctx);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prterrcode("writefileimage: ops->flatten", ret);
-               exit(177);
-       }
-}
-
-void
-docloseopen(void)
-{
-       char *name;
-       int ret;
-
-       if (testcalls <= simulatedopcount)
-               return;
-
-       name = strdup(ctx.name);
-
-       if (debug)
-               prt("%lu close/open\n", testcalls);
-
-       ret = ops->close(&ctx);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prterrcode("docloseopen: ops->close", ret);
-               report_failure(180);
-       }
-
-       ret = ops->open(name, &ctx);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prterrcode("docloseopen: ops->open", ret);
-               report_failure(181);
-       }
-
-       free(name);
-}
-
-#define TRIM_OFF_LEN(off, len, size)   \
-do {                                   \
-       if (size)                       \
-               (off) %= (size);        \
-       else                            \
-               (off) = 0;              \
-       if ((unsigned)(off) + (unsigned)(len) > (unsigned)(size))       \
-               (len) = (size) - (off); \
-} while (0)
-
-void
-test(void)
-{
-       unsigned long   offset;
-       unsigned long   size = maxoplen;
-       unsigned long   rv = get_random();
-       unsigned long   op;
-
-       if (simulatedopcount > 0 && testcalls == simulatedopcount)
-               writefileimage();
-
-       testcalls++;
-
-       if (closeprob)
-               closeopen = (rv >> 3) < (1u << 28) / (unsigned)closeprob;
-
-       if (debugstart > 0 && testcalls >= debugstart)
-               debug = 1;
-
-       if (!quiet && testcalls < simulatedopcount && testcalls % 100000 == 0)
-               prt("%lu...\n", testcalls);
-
-       offset = get_random();
-       if (randomoplen)
-               size = get_random() % (maxoplen + 1);
-
-       /* calculate appropriate op to run */
-       if (lite)
-               op = rv % OP_MAX_LITE;
-       else
-               op = rv % OP_MAX_FULL;
-
-       switch (op) {
-       case OP_MAPREAD:
-               if (!mapped_reads)
-                       op = OP_READ;
-               break;
-       case OP_MAPWRITE:
-               if (!mapped_writes)
-                       op = OP_WRITE;
-               break;
-       case OP_FALLOCATE:
-               if (!fallocate_calls) {
-                       log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_FALLOCATE, offset, size);
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               break;
-       case OP_PUNCH_HOLE:
-               if (!punch_hole_calls) {
-                       log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_PUNCH_HOLE, offset, size);
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               break;
-       case OP_CLONE:
-               /* clone, 8% chance */
-               if (!clone_calls || file_size == 0 || get_random() % 100 >= 8) {
-                       log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_CLONE, 0, 0);
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               break;
-       case OP_FLATTEN:
-               /* flatten four times as rarely as clone, 2% chance */
-               if (get_random() % 100 >= 2) {
-                       log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_FLATTEN, 0, 0);
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               break;
-       case OP_WRITESAME:
-               /* writesame not implemented */
-               if (!ops->writesame) {
-                       log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_WRITESAME, offset, size);
-                       goto out;
-               }
-               break;
-        case OP_COMPARE_AND_WRITE:
-                /* compare_and_write not implemented */
-                if (!ops->compare_and_write) {
-                        log4(OP_SKIPPED, OP_COMPARE_AND_WRITE, offset, size);
-                        goto out;
-                }
-               break;
-       }
-
-       switch (op) {
-       case OP_READ:
-               TRIM_OFF_LEN(offset, size, file_size);
-               doread(offset, size);
-               break;
-
-       case OP_WRITE:
-               TRIM_OFF_LEN(offset, size, maxfilelen);
-               dowrite(offset, size);
-               break;
-
-       case OP_MAPREAD:
-               TRIM_OFF_LEN(offset, size, file_size);
-               exit(183);
-               break;
-
-       case OP_MAPWRITE:
-               TRIM_OFF_LEN(offset, size, maxfilelen);
-               exit(182);
-               break;
-
-       case OP_TRUNCATE:
-               if (!style)
-                       size = get_random() % maxfilelen;
-               dotruncate(size);
-               break;
-
-       case OP_PUNCH_HOLE:
-               TRIM_OFF_LEN(offset, size, file_size);
-               do_punch_hole(offset, size);
-               break;
-
-       case OP_WRITESAME:
-               TRIM_OFF_LEN(offset, size, maxfilelen);
-               dowritesame(offset, size);
-               break;
-        case OP_COMPARE_AND_WRITE:
-                TRIM_OFF_LEN(offset, size, file_size);
-                docompareandwrite(offset, size);
-                break;
-
-       case OP_CLONE:
-               do_clone();
-               break;
-
-       case OP_FLATTEN:
-               do_flatten();
-               break;
-
-       default:
-               prterr("test: unknown operation");
-               report_failure(42);
-               break;
-       }
-
-out:
-       if (sizechecks && testcalls > simulatedopcount)
-               check_size();
-       if (closeopen)
-               docloseopen();
-}
-
-
-void
-cleanup(int sig)
-{
-       if (sig)
-               prt("signal %d\n", sig);
-       prt("testcalls = %lu\n", testcalls);
-       exit(sig);
-}
-
-
-void
-usage(void)
-{
-       fprintf(stdout, "usage: %s",
-               "fsx [-dfjknqxyACFHKLORUWZ] [-b opnum] [-c Prob] [-h holebdy] [-l flen] [-m start:end] [-o oplen] [-p progressinterval] [-r readbdy] [-s style] [-t truncbdy] [-w writebdy] [-D startingop] [-N numops] [-P dirpath] [-S seed] pname iname\n\
-       -b opnum: beginning operation number (default 1)\n\
-       -c P: 1 in P chance of file close+open at each op (default infinity)\n\
-       -d: debug output for all operations\n\
-       -f: flush and invalidate cache after I/O\n\
-       -h holebdy: 4096 would make discards page aligned (default 1)\n\
-       -j: journal replay stress test\n\
-       -k: keep data on success (default 0)\n\
-       -l flen: the upper bound on file size (default 262144)\n\
-       -m startop:endop: monitor (print debug output) specified byte range (default 0:infinity)\n\
-       -n: no verifications of file size\n\
-       -o oplen: the upper bound on operation size (default 65536)\n\
-       -p progressinterval: debug output at specified operation interval\n\
-       -q: quieter operation\n\
-       -r readbdy: 4096 would make reads page aligned (default 1)\n\
-       -s style: 1 gives smaller truncates (default 0)\n\
-       -t truncbdy: 4096 would make truncates page aligned (default 1)\n\
-       -w writebdy: 4096 would make writes page aligned (default 1)\n\
-       -x: preallocate file space before starting, XFS only (default 0)\n\
-       -y: synchronize changes to a file\n"
-
-"      -C: do not use clone calls\n\
-       -D startingop: debug output starting at specified operation\n"
-#ifdef FALLOCATE
-"      -F: Do not use fallocate (preallocation) calls\n"
-#endif
-"      -H: do not use punch hole calls\n\
-       -K: enable krbd mode (use -t and -h too)\n\
-       -M: enable rbd-nbd mode (use -t and -h too)\n\
-       -L: fsxLite - no file creations & no file size changes\n\
-       -N numops: total # operations to do (default infinity)\n\
-       -O: use oplen (see -o flag) for every op (default random)\n\
-       -P dirpath: save .fsxlog and .fsxgood files in dirpath (default ./)\n\
-       -R: read() system calls only (mapped reads disabled)\n\
-       -S seed: for random # generator (default 1) 0 gets timestamp\n\
-       -U: disable randomized striping\n\
-       -W: mapped write operations DISabled\n\
-       -Z: O_DIRECT (use -R, -W, -r and -w too)\n\
-       poolname: this is REQUIRED (no default)\n\
-       imagename: this is REQUIRED (no default)\n");
-       exit(89);
-}
-
-
-int
-getnum(char *s, char **e)
-{
-       int ret;
-
-       *e = (char *) 0;
-       ret = strtol(s, e, 0);
-       if (*e)
-               switch (**e) {
-               case 'b':
-               case 'B':
-                       ret *= 512;
-                       *e = *e + 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'k':
-               case 'K':
-                       ret *= 1024;
-                       *e = *e + 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'm':
-               case 'M':
-                       ret *= 1024*1024;
-                       *e = *e + 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'w':
-               case 'W':
-                       ret *= 4;
-                       *e = *e + 1;
-                       break;
-               }
-       return (ret);
-}
-
-void
-test_fallocate()
-{
-#ifdef FALLOCATE
-       if (!lite && fallocate_calls) {
-               if (fallocate(fd, 0, 0, 1) && errno == EOPNOTSUPP) {
-                       if(!quiet)
-                               warn("main: filesystem does not support fallocate, disabling\n");
-                       fallocate_calls = 0;
-               } else {
-                       ftruncate(fd, 0);
-               }
-       }
-#else /* ! FALLOCATE */
-       fallocate_calls = 0;
-#endif
-
-}
-
-void remove_image(rados_ioctx_t ioctx, char *imagename, bool remove_snap,
-                  bool unregister) {
-       rbd_image_t image;
-       char errmsg[128];
-        int ret;
-
-       if ((ret = rbd_open(ioctx, imagename, &image, NULL)) < 0) {
-               sprintf(errmsg, "rbd_open %s", imagename);
-               prterrcode(errmsg, ret);
-               report_failure(101);
-       }
-       if (remove_snap) {
-               if ((ret = rbd_snap_unprotect(image, "snap")) < 0) {
-                       sprintf(errmsg, "rbd_snap_unprotect %s@snap",
-                               imagename);
-                       prterrcode(errmsg, ret);
-                       report_failure(102);
-               }
-               if ((ret = rbd_snap_remove(image, "snap")) < 0) {
-                       sprintf(errmsg, "rbd_snap_remove %s@snap",
-                               imagename);
-                       prterrcode(errmsg, ret);
-                       report_failure(103);
-               }
-       }
-       if ((ret = rbd_close(image)) < 0) {
-               sprintf(errmsg, "rbd_close %s", imagename);
-               prterrcode(errmsg, ret);
-               report_failure(104);
-       }
-
-        if (unregister &&
-            (ret = unregister_journal(ioctx, imagename)) < 0) {
-                report_failure(105);
-        }
-
-       if ((ret = rbd_remove(ioctx, imagename)) < 0) {
-               sprintf(errmsg, "rbd_remove %s", imagename);
-               prterrcode(errmsg, ret);
-               report_failure(106);
-       }
-}
-
-int
-main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
-       int     i, style, ch, ret;
-       char    *endp;
-       char goodfile[1024];
-       char logfile[1024];
-
-       goodfile[0] = 0;
-       logfile[0] = 0;
-
-       page_size = getpagesize();
-       page_mask = page_size - 1;
-       mmap_mask = page_mask;
-
-       setvbuf(stdout, (char *)0, _IOLBF, 0); /* line buffered stdout */
-
-       while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "b:c:dfh:jkl:m:no:p:qr:s:t:w:xyCD:FHKMLN:OP:RS:UWZ"))
-              != EOF)
-               switch (ch) {
-               case 'b':
-                       simulatedopcount = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (!quiet)
-                               fprintf(stdout, "Will begin at operation %lu\n",
-                                       simulatedopcount);
-                       if (simulatedopcount == 0)
-                               usage();
-                       simulatedopcount -= 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'c':
-                       closeprob = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (!quiet)
-                               fprintf(stdout,
-                                       "Chance of close/open is 1 in %d\n",
-                                       closeprob);
-                       if (closeprob <= 0)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 'd':
-                       debug = 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'f':
-                       flush_enabled = 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'h':
-                       holebdy = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (holebdy <= 0)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-                case 'j':
-                        journal_replay = true;
-                        break;
-               case 'k':
-                       keep_on_success = 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'l':
-                       {
-                               int _num = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                               if (_num <= 0)
-                                       usage();
-                               maxfilelen = _num;
-                       }
-                       break;
-               case 'm':
-                       monitorstart = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (monitorstart < 0)
-                               usage();
-                       if (!endp || *endp++ != ':')
-                               usage();
-                       monitorend = getnum(endp, &endp);
-                       if (monitorend < 0)
-                               usage();
-                       if (monitorend == 0)
-                               monitorend = -1; /* aka infinity */
-                       debug = 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'n':
-                       sizechecks = 0;
-                       break;
-               case 'o':
-                       maxoplen = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (maxoplen <= 0)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 'p':
-                       progressinterval = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (progressinterval == 0)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 'q':
-                       quiet = 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'r':
-                       readbdy = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (readbdy <= 0)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 's':
-                       style = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (style < 0 || style > 1)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 't':
-                       truncbdy = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (truncbdy <= 0)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 'w':
-                       writebdy = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (writebdy <= 0)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 'x':
-                       prealloc = 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'y':
-                       do_fsync = 1;
-                       break;
-               case 'C':
-                       clone_calls = 0;
-                       break;
-               case 'D':
-                       debugstart = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (debugstart < 1)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 'F':
-                       fallocate_calls = 0;
-                       break;
-               case 'H':
-                       punch_hole_calls = 0;
-                       break;
-               case 'K':
-                       prt("krbd mode enabled\n");
-                       ops = &krbd_operations;
-                       break;
-               case 'M':
-                       prt("rbd-nbd mode enabled\n");
-                       ops = &nbd_operations;
-                       break;
-               case 'L':
-                       prt("lite mode not supported for rbd\n");
-                       exit(1);
-                       break;
-               case 'N':
-                       numops = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (numops < 0)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 'O':
-                       randomoplen = 0;
-                       break;
-               case 'P':
-                       strncpy(dirpath, optarg, sizeof(dirpath)-1);
-                       dirpath[sizeof(dirpath)-1] = '\0';
-                       strncpy(goodfile, dirpath, sizeof(goodfile)-1);
-                       goodfile[sizeof(goodfile)-1] = '\0';
-                       if (strlen(goodfile) < sizeof(goodfile)-2) {
-                               strcat(goodfile, "/");
-                       } else {
-                               prt("file name to long\n");
-                               exit(1);
-                       }
-                       strncpy(logfile, dirpath, sizeof(logfile)-1);
-                       logfile[sizeof(logfile)-1] = '\0';
-                       if (strlen(logfile) < sizeof(logfile)-2) {
-                               strcat(logfile, "/");
-                       } else {
-                               prt("file path to long\n");
-                               exit(1);
-                       }
-                       break;
-                case 'R':
-                        mapped_reads = 0;
-                       if (!quiet)
-                               fprintf(stdout, "mapped reads DISABLED\n");
-                        break;
-               case 'S':
-                        seed = getnum(optarg, &endp);
-                       if (seed == 0)
-                               seed = time(0) % 10000;
-                       if (!quiet)
-                               fprintf(stdout, "Seed set to %d\n", seed);
-                       if (seed < 0)
-                               usage();
-                       break;
-               case 'U':
-                       randomize_striping = 0;
-                       break;
-               case 'W':
-                       mapped_writes = 0;
-                       if (!quiet)
-                               fprintf(stdout, "mapped writes DISABLED\n");
-                       break;
-               case 'Z':
-                       o_direct = O_DIRECT;
-                       break;
-               default:
-                       usage();
-                       /* NOTREACHED */
-               }
-       argc -= optind;
-       argv += optind;
-       if (argc != 2)
-               usage();
-       pool = argv[0];
-       iname = argv[1];
-
-       signal(SIGHUP,  cleanup);
-       signal(SIGINT,  cleanup);
-       signal(SIGPIPE, cleanup);
-       signal(SIGALRM, cleanup);
-       signal(SIGTERM, cleanup);
-       signal(SIGXCPU, cleanup);
-       signal(SIGXFSZ, cleanup);
-       signal(SIGVTALRM,       cleanup);
-       signal(SIGUSR1, cleanup);
-       signal(SIGUSR2, cleanup);
-
-       random_generator.seed(seed);
-
-       ret = create_image();
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prterrcode(iname, ret);
-               exit(90);
-       }
-       ret = ops->open(iname, &ctx);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               simple_err("Error opening image", ret);
-               exit(91);
-       }
-       if (!dirpath[0])
-               strcat(dirpath, ".");
-       strncat(goodfile, iname, 256);
-       strcat (goodfile, ".fsxgood");
-       fsxgoodfd = open(goodfile, O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_TRUNC, 0666);
-       if (fsxgoodfd < 0) {
-               prterr(goodfile);
-               exit(92);
-       }
-       strncat(logfile, iname, 256);
-       strcat (logfile, ".fsxlog");
-       fsxlogf = fopen(logfile, "w");
-       if (fsxlogf == NULL) {
-               prterr(logfile);
-               exit(93);
-       }
-
-       original_buf = (char *) malloc(maxfilelen);
-       for (i = 0; i < (int)maxfilelen; i++)
-               original_buf[i] = get_random() % 256;
-
-       ret = posix_memalign((void **)&good_buf,
-                            MAX(writebdy, (int)sizeof(void *)), maxfilelen);
-       if (ret > 0) {
-               if (ret == EINVAL)
-                       prt("writebdy is not a suitable power of two\n");
-               else
-                       prterrcode("main: posix_memalign(good_buf)", -ret);
-               exit(94);
-       }
-       memset(good_buf, '\0', maxfilelen);
-
-       ret = posix_memalign((void **)&temp_buf,
-                            MAX(readbdy, (int)sizeof(void *)), maxfilelen);
-       if (ret > 0) {
-               if (ret == EINVAL)
-                       prt("readbdy is not a suitable power of two\n");
-               else
-                       prterrcode("main: posix_memalign(temp_buf)", -ret);
-               exit(95);
-       }
-       memset(temp_buf, '\0', maxfilelen);
-
-       if (lite) {     /* zero entire existing file */
-               ssize_t written;
-
-               written = ops->write(&ctx, 0, (size_t)maxfilelen, good_buf);
-               if (written != (ssize_t)maxfilelen) {
-                       if (written < 0) {
-                               prterrcode(iname, written);
-                               warn("main: error on write");
-                       } else
-                               warn("main: short write, 0x%x bytes instead "
-                                       "of 0x%lx\n",
-                                       (unsigned)written,
-                                       maxfilelen);
-                       exit(98);
-               }
-       } else
-               check_trunc_hack();
-
-       //test_fallocate();
-
-       while (numops == -1 || numops--)
-               test();
-
-       ret = ops->close(&ctx);
-       if (ret < 0) {
-               prterrcode("ops->close", ret);
-               report_failure(99);
-       }
-
-        if (journal_replay) {
-                char imagename[1024];
-               clone_imagename(imagename, sizeof(imagename), num_clones);
-                ret = finalize_journal(ioctx, imagename, num_clones, 0, 0, 0);
-                if (ret < 0) {
-                        report_failure(100);
-                }
-        }
-
-       if (num_clones > 0) {
-                if (journal_replay) {
-                       check_clone(num_clones - 1, true);
-                }
-               check_clone(num_clones - 1, false);
-        }
-
-       if (!keep_on_success) {
-               while (num_clones >= 0) {
-                       static bool remove_snap = false;
-
-                       if (journal_replay) {
-                               char replayimagename[1024];
-                               replay_imagename(replayimagename,
-                                                sizeof(replayimagename),
-                                                num_clones);
-                               remove_image(ioctx, replayimagename,
-                                            remove_snap,
-                                            false);
-                       }
-
-                       char clonename[128];
-                       clone_imagename(clonename, 128, num_clones);
-                       remove_image(ioctx, clonename, remove_snap,
-                                    journal_replay);
-
-                       remove_snap = true;
-                       num_clones--;
-               }
-       }
-
-       prt("All operations completed A-OK!\n");
-       fclose(fsxlogf);
-
-       rados_ioctx_destroy(ioctx);
-       krbd_destroy(krbd);
-       rados_shutdown(cluster);
-
-       free(original_buf);
-       free(good_buf);
-       free(temp_buf);
-
-       exit(0);
-       return 0;
-}