initial code repo
[stor4nfv.git] / src / ceph / src / crush / mapper.c
diff --git a/src/ceph/src/crush/mapper.c b/src/ceph/src/crush/mapper.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..e15039e
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1088 @@
+/*
+ * Ceph - scalable distributed file system
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Intel Corporation All Rights Reserved
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License version 2.1, as published by the Free Software
+ * Foundation.  See file COPYING.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+# include <linux/string.h>
+# include <linux/slab.h>
+# include <linux/bug.h>
+# include <linux/kernel.h>
+# include <linux/crush/crush.h>
+# include <linux/crush/hash.h>
+#else
+# include "crush_compat.h"
+# include "crush.h"
+# include "hash.h"
+#endif
+#include "crush_ln_table.h"
+#include "mapper.h"
+
+#define dprintk(args...) /* printf(args) */
+
+/*
+ * Implement the core CRUSH mapping algorithm.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * crush_find_rule - find a crush_rule id for a given ruleset, type, and size.
+ * @map: the crush_map
+ * @ruleset: the storage ruleset id (user defined)
+ * @type: storage ruleset type (user defined)
+ * @size: output set size
+ */
+int crush_find_rule(const struct crush_map *map, int ruleset, int type, int size)
+{
+       __u32 i;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < map->max_rules; i++) {
+               if (map->rules[i] &&
+                   map->rules[i]->mask.ruleset == ruleset &&
+                   map->rules[i]->mask.type == type &&
+                   map->rules[i]->mask.min_size <= size &&
+                   map->rules[i]->mask.max_size >= size)
+                       return i;
+       }
+       return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * bucket choose methods
+ *
+ * For each bucket algorithm, we have a "choose" method that, given a
+ * crush input @x and replica position (usually, position in output set) @r,
+ * will produce an item in the bucket.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Choose based on a random permutation of the bucket.
+ *
+ * We used to use some prime number arithmetic to do this, but it
+ * wasn't very random, and had some other bad behaviors.  Instead, we
+ * calculate an actual random permutation of the bucket members.
+ * Since this is expensive, we optimize for the r=0 case, which
+ * captures the vast majority of calls.
+ */
+static int bucket_perm_choose(const struct crush_bucket *bucket,
+                             struct crush_work_bucket *work,
+                             int x, int r)
+{
+       unsigned int pr = r % bucket->size;
+       unsigned int i, s;
+
+       /* start a new permutation if @x has changed */
+       if (work->perm_x != (__u32)x || work->perm_n == 0) {
+               dprintk("bucket %d new x=%d\n", bucket->id, x);
+               work->perm_x = x;
+
+               /* optimize common r=0 case */
+               if (pr == 0) {
+                       s = crush_hash32_3(bucket->hash, x, bucket->id, 0) %
+                               bucket->size;
+                       work->perm[0] = s;
+                       work->perm_n = 0xffff;   /* magic value, see below */
+                       goto out;
+               }
+
+               for (i = 0; i < bucket->size; i++)
+                       work->perm[i] = i;
+               work->perm_n = 0;
+       } else if (work->perm_n == 0xffff) {
+               /* clean up after the r=0 case above */
+               for (i = 1; i < bucket->size; i++)
+                       work->perm[i] = i;
+               work->perm[work->perm[0]] = 0;
+               work->perm_n = 1;
+       }
+
+       /* calculate permutation up to pr */
+       for (i = 0; i < work->perm_n; i++)
+               dprintk(" perm_choose have %d: %d\n", i, work->perm[i]);
+       while (work->perm_n <= pr) {
+               unsigned int p = work->perm_n;
+               /* no point in swapping the final entry */
+               if (p < bucket->size - 1) {
+                       i = crush_hash32_3(bucket->hash, x, bucket->id, p) %
+                               (bucket->size - p);
+                       if (i) {
+                               unsigned int t = work->perm[p + i];
+                               work->perm[p + i] = work->perm[p];
+                               work->perm[p] = t;
+                       }
+                       dprintk(" perm_choose swap %d with %d\n", p, p+i);
+               }
+               work->perm_n++;
+       }
+       for (i = 0; i < bucket->size; i++)
+               dprintk(" perm_choose  %d: %d\n", i, work->perm[i]);
+
+       s = work->perm[pr];
+out:
+       dprintk(" perm_choose %d sz=%d x=%d r=%d (%d) s=%d\n", bucket->id,
+               bucket->size, x, r, pr, s);
+       return bucket->items[s];
+}
+
+/* uniform */
+static int bucket_uniform_choose(const struct crush_bucket_uniform *bucket,
+                                struct crush_work_bucket *work, int x, int r)
+{
+       return bucket_perm_choose(&bucket->h, work, x, r);
+}
+
+/* list */
+static int bucket_list_choose(const struct crush_bucket_list *bucket,
+                             int x, int r)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       for (i = bucket->h.size-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+               __u64 w = crush_hash32_4(bucket->h.hash, x, bucket->h.items[i],
+                                        r, bucket->h.id);
+               w &= 0xffff;
+               dprintk("list_choose i=%d x=%d r=%d item %d weight %x "
+                       "sw %x rand %llx",
+                       i, x, r, bucket->h.items[i], bucket->item_weights[i],
+                       bucket->sum_weights[i], w);
+               w *= bucket->sum_weights[i];
+               w = w >> 16;
+               /*dprintk(" scaled %llx\n", w);*/
+               if (w < bucket->item_weights[i]) {
+                       return bucket->h.items[i];
+               }
+       }
+
+       dprintk("bad list sums for bucket %d\n", bucket->h.id);
+       return bucket->h.items[0];
+}
+
+
+/* (binary) tree */
+static int height(int n)
+{
+       int h = 0;
+       while ((n & 1) == 0) {
+               h++;
+               n = n >> 1;
+       }
+       return h;
+}
+
+static int left(int x)
+{
+       int h = height(x);
+       return x - (1 << (h-1));
+}
+
+static int right(int x)
+{
+       int h = height(x);
+       return x + (1 << (h-1));
+}
+
+static int terminal(int x)
+{
+       return x & 1;
+}
+
+static int bucket_tree_choose(const struct crush_bucket_tree *bucket,
+                             int x, int r)
+{
+       int n;
+       __u32 w;
+       __u64 t;
+
+       /* start at root */
+       n = bucket->num_nodes >> 1;
+
+       while (!terminal(n)) {
+               int l;
+               /* pick point in [0, w) */
+               w = bucket->node_weights[n];
+               t = (__u64)crush_hash32_4(bucket->h.hash, x, n, r,
+                                         bucket->h.id) * (__u64)w;
+               t = t >> 32;
+
+               /* descend to the left or right? */
+               l = left(n);
+               if (t < bucket->node_weights[l])
+                       n = l;
+               else
+                       n = right(n);
+       }
+
+       return bucket->h.items[n >> 1];
+}
+
+
+/* straw */
+
+static int bucket_straw_choose(const struct crush_bucket_straw *bucket,
+                              int x, int r)
+{
+       __u32 i;
+       int high = 0;
+       __u64 high_draw = 0;
+       __u64 draw;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < bucket->h.size; i++) {
+               draw = crush_hash32_3(bucket->h.hash, x, bucket->h.items[i], r);
+               draw &= 0xffff;
+               draw *= bucket->straws[i];
+               if (i == 0 || draw > high_draw) {
+                       high = i;
+                       high_draw = draw;
+               }
+       }
+       return bucket->h.items[high];
+}
+
+/* compute 2^44*log2(input+1) */
+static __u64 crush_ln(unsigned int xin)
+{
+       unsigned int x = xin;
+       int iexpon, index1, index2;
+       __u64 RH, LH, LL, xl64, result;
+
+       x++;
+
+       /* normalize input */
+       iexpon = 15;
+
+       // figure out number of bits we need to shift and
+       // do it in one step instead of iteratively
+       if (!(x & 0x18000)) {
+         int bits = __builtin_clz(x & 0x1FFFF) - 16;
+         x <<= bits;
+         iexpon = 15 - bits;
+       }
+
+       index1 = (x >> 8) << 1;
+       /* RH ~ 2^56/index1 */
+       RH = __RH_LH_tbl[index1 - 256];
+       /* LH ~ 2^48 * log2(index1/256) */
+       LH = __RH_LH_tbl[index1 + 1 - 256];
+
+       /* RH*x ~ 2^48 * (2^15 + xf), xf<2^8 */
+       xl64 = (__s64)x * RH;
+       xl64 >>= 48;
+
+       result = iexpon;
+       result <<= (12 + 32);
+
+       index2 = xl64 & 0xff;
+       /* LL ~ 2^48*log2(1.0+index2/2^15) */
+       LL = __LL_tbl[index2];
+
+       LH = LH + LL;
+
+       LH >>= (48 - 12 - 32);
+       result += LH;
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * straw2
+ *
+ * for reference, see:
+ *
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_distribution#Distribution_of_the_minimum_of_exponential_random_variables
+ *
+ */
+
+static inline __u32 *get_choose_arg_weights(const struct crush_bucket_straw2 *bucket,
+                                            const struct crush_choose_arg *arg,
+                                            int position)
+{
+  if ((arg == NULL) ||
+      (arg->weight_set == NULL))
+    return bucket->item_weights;
+  if (position >= arg->weight_set_size)
+    position = arg->weight_set_size - 1;
+  return arg->weight_set[position].weights;
+}
+
+static inline __s32 *get_choose_arg_ids(const struct crush_bucket_straw2 *bucket,
+                                       const struct crush_choose_arg *arg)
+{
+  if ((arg == NULL) || (arg->ids == NULL))
+    return bucket->h.items;
+  return arg->ids;
+}
+
+static int bucket_straw2_choose(const struct crush_bucket_straw2 *bucket,
+                               int x, int r, const struct crush_choose_arg *arg,
+                                int position)
+{
+       unsigned int i, high = 0;
+       unsigned int u;
+       __s64 ln, draw, high_draw = 0;
+        __u32 *weights = get_choose_arg_weights(bucket, arg, position);
+        __s32 *ids = get_choose_arg_ids(bucket, arg);
+       for (i = 0; i < bucket->h.size; i++) {
+                dprintk("weight 0x%x item %d\n", weights[i], ids[i]);
+               if (weights[i]) {
+                       u = crush_hash32_3(bucket->h.hash, x, ids[i], r);
+                       u &= 0xffff;
+
+                       /*
+                        * for some reason slightly less than 0x10000 produces
+                        * a slightly more accurate distribution... probably a
+                        * rounding effect.
+                        *
+                        * the natural log lookup table maps [0,0xffff]
+                        * (corresponding to real numbers [1/0x10000, 1] to
+                        * [0, 0xffffffffffff] (corresponding to real numbers
+                        * [-11.090355,0]).
+                        */
+                       ln = crush_ln(u) - 0x1000000000000ll;
+
+                       /*
+                        * divide by 16.16 fixed-point weight.  note
+                        * that the ln value is negative, so a larger
+                        * weight means a larger (less negative) value
+                        * for draw.
+                        */
+                       draw = div64_s64(ln, weights[i]);
+               } else {
+                       draw = S64_MIN;
+               }
+
+               if (i == 0 || draw > high_draw) {
+                       high = i;
+                       high_draw = draw;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return bucket->h.items[high];
+}
+
+
+static int crush_bucket_choose(const struct crush_bucket *in,
+                              struct crush_work_bucket *work,
+                              int x, int r,
+                               const struct crush_choose_arg *arg,
+                               int position)
+{
+       dprintk(" crush_bucket_choose %d x=%d r=%d\n", in->id, x, r);
+       BUG_ON(in->size == 0);
+       switch (in->alg) {
+       case CRUSH_BUCKET_UNIFORM:
+               return bucket_uniform_choose(
+                       (const struct crush_bucket_uniform *)in,
+                       work, x, r);
+       case CRUSH_BUCKET_LIST:
+               return bucket_list_choose((const struct crush_bucket_list *)in,
+                                         x, r);
+       case CRUSH_BUCKET_TREE:
+               return bucket_tree_choose((const struct crush_bucket_tree *)in,
+                                         x, r);
+       case CRUSH_BUCKET_STRAW:
+               return bucket_straw_choose(
+                       (const struct crush_bucket_straw *)in,
+                       x, r);
+       case CRUSH_BUCKET_STRAW2:
+               return bucket_straw2_choose(
+                       (const struct crush_bucket_straw2 *)in,
+                       x, r, arg, position);
+       default:
+               dprintk("unknown bucket %d alg %d\n", in->id, in->alg);
+               return in->items[0];
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * true if device is marked "out" (failed, fully offloaded)
+ * of the cluster
+ */
+static int is_out(const struct crush_map *map,
+                 const __u32 *weight, int weight_max,
+                 int item, int x)
+{
+       if (item >= weight_max)
+               return 1;
+       if (weight[item] >= 0x10000)
+               return 0;
+       if (weight[item] == 0)
+               return 1;
+       if ((crush_hash32_2(CRUSH_HASH_RJENKINS1, x, item) & 0xffff)
+           < weight[item])
+               return 0;
+       return 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * crush_choose_firstn - choose numrep distinct items of given type
+ * @map: the crush_map
+ * @bucket: the bucket we are choose an item from
+ * @x: crush input value
+ * @numrep: the number of items to choose
+ * @type: the type of item to choose
+ * @out: pointer to output vector
+ * @outpos: our position in that vector
+ * @out_size: size of the out vector
+ * @tries: number of attempts to make
+ * @recurse_tries: number of attempts to have recursive chooseleaf make
+ * @local_retries: localized retries
+ * @local_fallback_retries: localized fallback retries
+ * @recurse_to_leaf: true if we want one device under each item of given type (chooseleaf instead of choose)
+ * @stable: stable mode starts rep=0 in the recursive call for all replicas
+ * @vary_r: pass r to recursive calls
+ * @out2: second output vector for leaf items (if @recurse_to_leaf)
+ * @parent_r: r value passed from the parent
+ */
+static int crush_choose_firstn(const struct crush_map *map,
+                              struct crush_work *work,
+                              const struct crush_bucket *bucket,
+                              const __u32 *weight, int weight_max,
+                              int x, int numrep, int type,
+                              int *out, int outpos,
+                              int out_size,
+                              unsigned int tries,
+                              unsigned int recurse_tries,
+                              unsigned int local_retries,
+                              unsigned int local_fallback_retries,
+                              int recurse_to_leaf,
+                              unsigned int vary_r,
+                              unsigned int stable,
+                              int *out2,
+                              int parent_r,
+                               const struct crush_choose_arg *choose_args)
+{
+       int rep;
+       unsigned int ftotal, flocal;
+       int retry_descent, retry_bucket, skip_rep;
+       const struct crush_bucket *in = bucket;
+       int r;
+       int i;
+       int item = 0;
+       int itemtype;
+       int collide, reject;
+       int count = out_size;
+
+       dprintk("CHOOSE%s bucket %d x %d outpos %d numrep %d tries %d \
+recurse_tries %d local_retries %d local_fallback_retries %d \
+parent_r %d stable %d\n",
+               recurse_to_leaf ? "_LEAF" : "",
+               bucket->id, x, outpos, numrep,
+               tries, recurse_tries, local_retries, local_fallback_retries,
+               parent_r, stable);
+
+       for (rep = stable ? 0 : outpos; rep < numrep && count > 0 ; rep++) {
+               /* keep trying until we get a non-out, non-colliding item */
+               ftotal = 0;
+               skip_rep = 0;
+               do {
+                       retry_descent = 0;
+                       in = bucket;              /* initial bucket */
+
+                       /* choose through intervening buckets */
+                       flocal = 0;
+                       do {
+                               collide = 0;
+                               retry_bucket = 0;
+                               r = rep + parent_r;
+                               /* r' = r + f_total */
+                               r += ftotal;
+
+                               /* bucket choose */
+                               if (in->size == 0) {
+                                       reject = 1;
+                                       goto reject;
+                               }
+                               if (local_fallback_retries > 0 &&
+                                   flocal >= (in->size>>1) &&
+                                   flocal > local_fallback_retries)
+                                       item = bucket_perm_choose(
+                                               in, work->work[-1-in->id],
+                                               x, r);
+                               else
+                                       item = crush_bucket_choose(
+                                               in, work->work[-1-in->id],
+                                               x, r,
+                                                (choose_args ? &choose_args[-1-in->id] : 0),
+                                                outpos);
+                               if (item >= map->max_devices) {
+                                       dprintk("   bad item %d\n", item);
+                                       skip_rep = 1;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               /* desired type? */
+                               if (item < 0)
+                                       itemtype = map->buckets[-1-item]->type;
+                               else
+                                       itemtype = 0;
+                               dprintk("  item %d type %d\n", item, itemtype);
+
+                               /* keep going? */
+                               if (itemtype != type) {
+                                       if (item >= 0 ||
+                                           (-1-item) >= map->max_buckets) {
+                                               dprintk("   bad item type %d\n", type);
+                                               skip_rep = 1;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       in = map->buckets[-1-item];
+                                       retry_bucket = 1;
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+
+                               /* collision? */
+                               for (i = 0; i < outpos; i++) {
+                                       if (out[i] == item) {
+                                               collide = 1;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               reject = 0;
+                               if (!collide && recurse_to_leaf) {
+                                       if (item < 0) {
+                                               int sub_r;
+                                               if (vary_r)
+                                                       sub_r = r >> (vary_r-1);
+                                               else
+                                                       sub_r = 0;
+                                               if (crush_choose_firstn(
+                                                           map,
+                                                           work,
+                                                           map->buckets[-1-item],
+                                                           weight, weight_max,
+                                                           x, stable ? 1 : outpos+1, 0,
+                                                           out2, outpos, count,
+                                                           recurse_tries, 0,
+                                                           local_retries,
+                                                           local_fallback_retries,
+                                                           0,
+                                                           vary_r,
+                                                           stable,
+                                                           NULL,
+                                                           sub_r,
+                                                            choose_args) <= outpos)
+                                                       /* didn't get leaf */
+                                                       reject = 1;
+                                       } else {
+                                               /* we already have a leaf! */
+                                               out2[outpos] = item;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               if (!reject && !collide) {
+                                       /* out? */
+                                       if (itemtype == 0)
+                                               reject = is_out(map, weight,
+                                                               weight_max,
+                                                               item, x);
+                               }
+
+reject:
+                               if (reject || collide) {
+                                       ftotal++;
+                                       flocal++;
+
+                                       if (collide && flocal <= local_retries)
+                                               /* retry locally a few times */
+                                               retry_bucket = 1;
+                                       else if (local_fallback_retries > 0 &&
+                                                flocal <= in->size + local_fallback_retries)
+                                               /* exhaustive bucket search */
+                                               retry_bucket = 1;
+                                       else if (ftotal < tries)
+                                               /* then retry descent */
+                                               retry_descent = 1;
+                                       else
+                                               /* else give up */
+                                               skip_rep = 1;
+                                       dprintk("  reject %d  collide %d  "
+                                               "ftotal %u  flocal %u\n",
+                                               reject, collide, ftotal,
+                                               flocal);
+                               }
+                       } while (retry_bucket);
+               } while (retry_descent);
+
+               if (skip_rep) {
+                       dprintk("skip rep\n");
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               dprintk("CHOOSE got %d\n", item);
+               out[outpos] = item;
+               outpos++;
+               count--;
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+               if (map->choose_tries && ftotal <= map->choose_total_tries)
+                       map->choose_tries[ftotal]++;
+#endif
+       }
+
+       dprintk("CHOOSE returns %d\n", outpos);
+       return outpos;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * crush_choose_indep: alternative breadth-first positionally stable mapping
+ *
+ */
+static void crush_choose_indep(const struct crush_map *map,
+                              struct crush_work *work,
+                              const struct crush_bucket *bucket,
+                              const __u32 *weight, int weight_max,
+                              int x, int left, int numrep, int type,
+                              int *out, int outpos,
+                              unsigned int tries,
+                              unsigned int recurse_tries,
+                              int recurse_to_leaf,
+                              int *out2,
+                              int parent_r,
+                               const struct crush_choose_arg *choose_args)
+{
+       const struct crush_bucket *in = bucket;
+       int endpos = outpos + left;
+       int rep;
+       unsigned int ftotal;
+       int r;
+       int i;
+       int item = 0;
+       int itemtype;
+       int collide;
+
+       dprintk("CHOOSE%s INDEP bucket %d x %d outpos %d numrep %d\n", recurse_to_leaf ? "_LEAF" : "",
+               bucket->id, x, outpos, numrep);
+
+       /* initially my result is undefined */
+       for (rep = outpos; rep < endpos; rep++) {
+               out[rep] = CRUSH_ITEM_UNDEF;
+               if (out2)
+                       out2[rep] = CRUSH_ITEM_UNDEF;
+       }
+
+       for (ftotal = 0; left > 0 && ftotal < tries; ftotal++) {
+#ifdef DEBUG_INDEP
+               if (out2 && ftotal) {
+                       dprintk("%u %d a: ", ftotal, left);
+                       for (rep = outpos; rep < endpos; rep++) {
+                               dprintk(" %d", out[rep]);
+                       }
+                       dprintk("\n");
+                       dprintk("%u %d b: ", ftotal, left);
+                       for (rep = outpos; rep < endpos; rep++) {
+                               dprintk(" %d", out2[rep]);
+                       }
+                       dprintk("\n");
+               }
+#endif
+               for (rep = outpos; rep < endpos; rep++) {
+                       if (out[rep] != CRUSH_ITEM_UNDEF)
+                               continue;
+
+                       in = bucket;  /* initial bucket */
+
+                       /* choose through intervening buckets */
+                       for (;;) {
+                               /* note: we base the choice on the position
+                                * even in the nested call.  that means that
+                                * if the first layer chooses the same bucket
+                                * in a different position, we will tend to
+                                * choose a different item in that bucket.
+                                * this will involve more devices in data
+                                * movement and tend to distribute the load.
+                                */
+                               r = rep + parent_r;
+
+                               /* be careful */
+                               if (in->alg == CRUSH_BUCKET_UNIFORM &&
+                                   in->size % numrep == 0)
+                                       /* r'=r+(n+1)*f_total */
+                                       r += (numrep+1) * ftotal;
+                               else
+                                       /* r' = r + n*f_total */
+                                       r += numrep * ftotal;
+
+                               /* bucket choose */
+                               if (in->size == 0) {
+                                       dprintk("   empty bucket\n");
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               item = crush_bucket_choose(
+                                       in, work->work[-1-in->id],
+                                       x, r,
+                                        (choose_args ? &choose_args[-1-in->id] : 0),
+                                        outpos);
+                               if (item >= map->max_devices) {
+                                       dprintk("   bad item %d\n", item);
+                                       out[rep] = CRUSH_ITEM_NONE;
+                                       if (out2)
+                                               out2[rep] = CRUSH_ITEM_NONE;
+                                       left--;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               /* desired type? */
+                               if (item < 0)
+                                       itemtype = map->buckets[-1-item]->type;
+                               else
+                                       itemtype = 0;
+                               dprintk("  item %d type %d\n", item, itemtype);
+
+                               /* keep going? */
+                               if (itemtype != type) {
+                                       if (item >= 0 ||
+                                           (-1-item) >= map->max_buckets) {
+                                               dprintk("   bad item type %d\n", type);
+                                               out[rep] = CRUSH_ITEM_NONE;
+                                               if (out2)
+                                                       out2[rep] =
+                                                               CRUSH_ITEM_NONE;
+                                               left--;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       in = map->buckets[-1-item];
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+
+                               /* collision? */
+                               collide = 0;
+                               for (i = outpos; i < endpos; i++) {
+                                       if (out[i] == item) {
+                                               collide = 1;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               if (collide)
+                                       break;
+
+                               if (recurse_to_leaf) {
+                                       if (item < 0) {
+                                               crush_choose_indep(
+                                                       map,
+                                                       work,
+                                                       map->buckets[-1-item],
+                                                       weight, weight_max,
+                                                       x, 1, numrep, 0,
+                                                       out2, rep,
+                                                       recurse_tries, 0,
+                                                       0, NULL, r, choose_args);
+                                               if (out2[rep] == CRUSH_ITEM_NONE) {
+                                                       /* placed nothing; no leaf */
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                       } else {
+                                               /* we already have a leaf! */
+                                               out2[rep] = item;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               /* out? */
+                               if (itemtype == 0 &&
+                                   is_out(map, weight, weight_max, item, x))
+                                       break;
+
+                               /* yay! */
+                               out[rep] = item;
+                               left--;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       for (rep = outpos; rep < endpos; rep++) {
+               if (out[rep] == CRUSH_ITEM_UNDEF) {
+                       out[rep] = CRUSH_ITEM_NONE;
+               }
+               if (out2 && out2[rep] == CRUSH_ITEM_UNDEF) {
+                       out2[rep] = CRUSH_ITEM_NONE;
+               }
+       }
+#ifndef __KERNEL__
+       if (map->choose_tries && ftotal <= map->choose_total_tries)
+               map->choose_tries[ftotal]++;
+#endif
+#ifdef DEBUG_INDEP
+       if (out2) {
+               dprintk("%u %d a: ", ftotal, left);
+               for (rep = outpos; rep < endpos; rep++) {
+                       dprintk(" %d", out[rep]);
+               }
+               dprintk("\n");
+               dprintk("%u %d b: ", ftotal, left);
+               for (rep = outpos; rep < endpos; rep++) {
+                       dprintk(" %d", out2[rep]);
+               }
+               dprintk("\n");
+       }
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/* This takes a chunk of memory and sets it up to be a shiny new
+   working area for a CRUSH placement computation. It must be called
+   on any newly allocated memory before passing it in to
+   crush_do_rule. It may be used repeatedly after that, so long as the
+   map has not changed. If the map /has/ changed, you must make sure
+   the working size is no smaller than what was allocated and re-run
+   crush_init_workspace.
+
+   If you do retain the working space between calls to crush, make it
+   thread-local. If you reinstitute the locking I've spent so much
+   time getting rid of, I will be very unhappy with you. */
+
+void crush_init_workspace(const struct crush_map *m, void *v) {
+       /* We work by moving through the available space and setting
+          values and pointers as we go.
+
+          It's a bit like Forth's use of the 'allot' word since we
+          set the pointer first and then reserve the space for it to
+          point to by incrementing the point. */
+       struct crush_work *w = (struct crush_work *)v;
+       char *point = (char *)v;
+       __s32 b;
+       point += sizeof(struct crush_work);
+       w->work = (struct crush_work_bucket **)point;
+       point += m->max_buckets * sizeof(struct crush_work_bucket *);
+       for (b = 0; b < m->max_buckets; ++b) {
+               if (m->buckets[b] == 0)
+                       continue;
+
+               w->work[b] = (struct crush_work_bucket *) point;
+               switch (m->buckets[b]->alg) {
+               default:
+                       point += sizeof(struct crush_work_bucket);
+                       break;
+               }
+               w->work[b]->perm_x = 0;
+               w->work[b]->perm_n = 0;
+               w->work[b]->perm = (__u32 *)point;
+               point += m->buckets[b]->size * sizeof(__u32);
+       }
+       BUG_ON((char *)point - (char *)w != m->working_size);
+}
+
+/**
+ * crush_do_rule - calculate a mapping with the given input and rule
+ * @map: the crush_map
+ * @ruleno: the rule id
+ * @x: hash input
+ * @result: pointer to result vector
+ * @result_max: maximum result size
+ * @weight: weight vector (for map leaves)
+ * @weight_max: size of weight vector
+ * @cwin: Pointer to at least map->working_size bytes of memory or NULL.
+ */
+int crush_do_rule(const struct crush_map *map,
+                 int ruleno, int x, int *result, int result_max,
+                 const __u32 *weight, int weight_max,
+                 void *cwin, const struct crush_choose_arg *choose_args)
+{
+       int result_len;
+       struct crush_work *cw = cwin;
+       int *a = (int *)((char *)cw + map->working_size);
+       int *b = a + result_max;
+       int *c = b + result_max;
+       int *w = a;
+       int *o = b;
+       int recurse_to_leaf;
+       int wsize = 0;
+       int osize;
+       int *tmp;
+       const struct crush_rule *rule;
+       __u32 step;
+       int i, j;
+       int numrep;
+       int out_size;
+       /*
+        * the original choose_total_tries value was off by one (it
+        * counted "retries" and not "tries").  add one.
+        */
+       int choose_tries = map->choose_total_tries + 1;
+       int choose_leaf_tries = 0;
+       /*
+        * the local tries values were counted as "retries", though,
+        * and need no adjustment
+        */
+       int choose_local_retries = map->choose_local_tries;
+       int choose_local_fallback_retries = map->choose_local_fallback_tries;
+
+       int vary_r = map->chooseleaf_vary_r;
+       int stable = map->chooseleaf_stable;
+
+       if ((__u32)ruleno >= map->max_rules) {
+               dprintk(" bad ruleno %d\n", ruleno);
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       rule = map->rules[ruleno];
+       result_len = 0;
+
+       for (step = 0; step < rule->len; step++) {
+               int firstn = 0;
+               const struct crush_rule_step *curstep = &rule->steps[step];
+
+               switch (curstep->op) {
+               case CRUSH_RULE_TAKE:
+                       if ((curstep->arg1 >= 0 &&
+                            curstep->arg1 < map->max_devices) ||
+                           (-1-curstep->arg1 >= 0 &&
+                            -1-curstep->arg1 < map->max_buckets &&
+                            map->buckets[-1-curstep->arg1])) {
+                               w[0] = curstep->arg1;
+                               wsize = 1;
+                       } else {
+                               dprintk(" bad take value %d\n", curstep->arg1);
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case CRUSH_RULE_SET_CHOOSE_TRIES:
+                       if (curstep->arg1 > 0)
+                               choose_tries = curstep->arg1;
+                       break;
+
+               case CRUSH_RULE_SET_CHOOSELEAF_TRIES:
+                       if (curstep->arg1 > 0)
+                               choose_leaf_tries = curstep->arg1;
+                       break;
+
+               case CRUSH_RULE_SET_CHOOSE_LOCAL_TRIES:
+                       if (curstep->arg1 >= 0)
+                               choose_local_retries = curstep->arg1;
+                       break;
+
+               case CRUSH_RULE_SET_CHOOSE_LOCAL_FALLBACK_TRIES:
+                       if (curstep->arg1 >= 0)
+                               choose_local_fallback_retries = curstep->arg1;
+                       break;
+
+               case CRUSH_RULE_SET_CHOOSELEAF_VARY_R:
+                       if (curstep->arg1 >= 0)
+                               vary_r = curstep->arg1;
+                       break;
+
+               case CRUSH_RULE_SET_CHOOSELEAF_STABLE:
+                       if (curstep->arg1 >= 0)
+                               stable = curstep->arg1;
+                       break;
+
+               case CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSELEAF_FIRSTN:
+               case CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSE_FIRSTN:
+                       firstn = 1;
+                       /* fall through */
+               case CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSELEAF_INDEP:
+               case CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSE_INDEP:
+                       if (wsize == 0)
+                               break;
+
+                       recurse_to_leaf =
+                               curstep->op ==
+                                CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSELEAF_FIRSTN ||
+                               curstep->op ==
+                               CRUSH_RULE_CHOOSELEAF_INDEP;
+
+                       /* reset output */
+                       osize = 0;
+
+                       for (i = 0; i < wsize; i++) {
+                               int bno;
+                               numrep = curstep->arg1;
+                               if (numrep <= 0) {
+                                       numrep += result_max;
+                                       if (numrep <= 0)
+                                               continue;
+                               }
+                               j = 0;
+                               /* make sure bucket id is valid */
+                               bno = -1 - w[i];
+                               if (bno < 0 || bno >= map->max_buckets) {
+                                       // w[i] is probably CRUSH_ITEM_NONE
+                                       dprintk("  bad w[i] %d\n", w[i]);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               if (firstn) {
+                                       int recurse_tries;
+                                       if (choose_leaf_tries)
+                                               recurse_tries =
+                                                       choose_leaf_tries;
+                                       else if (map->chooseleaf_descend_once)
+                                               recurse_tries = 1;
+                                       else
+                                               recurse_tries = choose_tries;
+                                       osize += crush_choose_firstn(
+                                               map,
+                                               cw,
+                                               map->buckets[bno],
+                                               weight, weight_max,
+                                               x, numrep,
+                                               curstep->arg2,
+                                               o+osize, j,
+                                               result_max-osize,
+                                               choose_tries,
+                                               recurse_tries,
+                                               choose_local_retries,
+                                               choose_local_fallback_retries,
+                                               recurse_to_leaf,
+                                               vary_r,
+                                               stable,
+                                               c+osize,
+                                               0,
+                                               choose_args);
+                               } else {
+                                       out_size = ((numrep < (result_max-osize)) ?
+                                                   numrep : (result_max-osize));
+                                       crush_choose_indep(
+                                               map,
+                                               cw,
+                                               map->buckets[bno],
+                                               weight, weight_max,
+                                               x, out_size, numrep,
+                                               curstep->arg2,
+                                               o+osize, j,
+                                               choose_tries,
+                                               choose_leaf_tries ?
+                                                  choose_leaf_tries : 1,
+                                               recurse_to_leaf,
+                                               c+osize,
+                                               0,
+                                               choose_args);
+                                       osize += out_size;
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       if (recurse_to_leaf)
+                               /* copy final _leaf_ values to output set */
+                               memcpy(o, c, osize*sizeof(*o));
+
+                       /* swap o and w arrays */
+                       tmp = o;
+                       o = w;
+                       w = tmp;
+                       wsize = osize;
+                       break;
+
+
+               case CRUSH_RULE_EMIT:
+                       for (i = 0; i < wsize && result_len < result_max; i++) {
+                               result[result_len] = w[i];
+                               result_len++;
+                       }
+                       wsize = 0;
+                       break;
+
+               default:
+                       dprintk(" unknown op %d at step %d\n",
+                               curstep->op, step);
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return result_len;
+}