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diff --git a/src/ceph/src/include/denc.h b/src/ceph/src/include/denc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..823da64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ceph/src/include/denc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1796 @@
+// -*- mode:C++; tab-width:8; c-basic-offset:2; indent-tabs-mode:t -*-
+// vim: ts=8 sw=2 smarttab
+/*
+ * Ceph - scalable distributed file system
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2016 Allen Samuels <allen.samuels@sandisk.com>
+ *
+ * This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License version 2.1, as published by the Free Software
+ * Foundation.  See file COPYING.
+ *
+ */
+
+// If you #include "include/encoding.h" you get the old-style *and*
+// the new-style definitions.  (The old-style needs denc_traits<> in
+// order to disable the container helpers when new-style traits are
+// present.)
+
+// You can also just #include "include/denc.h" and get only the
+// new-style helpers.  The eventual goal is to drop the legacy
+// definitions.
+
+#ifndef _ENC_DEC_H
+#define _ENC_DEC_H
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <map>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <boost/container/flat_map.hpp>
+#include <boost/container/flat_set.hpp>
+#include <boost/intrusive/set.hpp>
+#include <boost/optional.hpp>
+
+#include "include/assert.h"	// boost clobbers this
+#include "include/intarith.h"
+#include "include/int_types.h"
+#include "include/memory.h"
+
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "byteorder.h"
+
+template<typename T, typename=void>
+struct denc_traits {
+  static constexpr bool supported = false;
+  static constexpr bool featured = false;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = false;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = true;
+};
+
+
+// hack for debug only; FIXME
+//#include <iostream>
+//using std::cout;
+
+// Define this to compile in a dump of all encoded objects to disk to
+// populate ceph-object-corpus.  Note that there is an almost
+// identical implementation in encoding.h, but you only need to define
+// ENCODE_DUMP_PATH here.
+//
+// See src/test/encoding/generate-corpus-objects.sh.
+//
+//#define ENCODE_DUMP_PATH /tmp/something
+
+#ifdef ENCODE_DUMP_PATH
+# include <stdio.h>
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# define ENCODE_STR(x) #x
+# define ENCODE_STRINGIFY(x) ENCODE_STR(x)
+# define DENC_DUMP_PRE(Type)			\
+  char *__denc_dump_pre = p.get_pos();
+  // this hackery with bits below is just to get a semi-reasonable
+  // distribution across time.  it is somewhat exponential but not
+  // quite.
+# define DENC_DUMP_POST(Type)			\
+  do {									\
+    static int i = 0;							\
+    i++;								\
+    int bits = 0;							\
+    for (unsigned t = i; t; bits++)					\
+      t &= t - 1;							\
+    if (bits > 2)							\
+      break;								\
+    char fn[PATH_MAX];							\
+    snprintf(fn, sizeof(fn),						\
+	     ENCODE_STRINGIFY(ENCODE_DUMP_PATH) "/%s__%d.%x", #Type,		\
+	     getpid(), i++);						\
+    int fd = ::open(fn, O_WRONLY|O_TRUNC|O_CREAT, 0644);		\
+    if (fd >= 0) {							\
+      size_t len = p.get_pos() - __denc_dump_pre;			\
+      int r = ::write(fd, __denc_dump_pre, len);			\
+      (void)r;								\
+      ::close(fd);							\
+    }									\
+  } while (0)
+#else
+# define DENC_DUMP_PRE(Type)
+# define DENC_DUMP_POST(Type)
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+
+  top level level functions look like so
+  ======================================
+
+    inline void denc(const T& o, size_t& p, uint64_t features=0);
+    inline void denc(const T& o, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+                     uint64_t features=0);
+    inline void denc(T& o, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t features=0);
+
+  or (for featured objects)
+
+    inline void denc(const T& o, size_t& p, uint64_t features);
+    inline void denc(const T& o, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+                     uint64_t features);
+    inline void denc(T& o, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t features);
+
+  - These are symmetrical, so that they can be used from the magic DENC
+  method of writing the bound_encode/encode/decode methods all in one go;
+  they differ only in the type of p.
+
+  - These are automatically fabricated via a template that calls into
+  the denc_traits<> methods (see below), provided denc_traits<T>::supported
+  is defined and true.  They never need to be written explicitly.
+
+
+  static denc_traits<> definitions look like so
+  =============================================
+
+    template<>
+    struct denc_traits<T> {
+      static constexpr bool supported = true;
+      static constexpr bool bounded = false;
+      static constexpr bool featured = false;
+      static constexpr bool need_contiguous = true;
+      static void bound_encode(const T &o, size_t& p, uint64_t f=0);
+      static void encode(const T &o, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+		         uint64_t f=0);
+      static void decode(T& o, buffer::ptr::iterator &p, uint64_t f=0);
+    };
+
+  or (for featured objects)
+
+    template<>
+    struct denc_traits<T> {
+      static constexpr bool supported = true;
+      static constexpr bool bounded = false;
+      static constexpr bool featured = true;
+      static constexpr bool need_contiguous = true;
+      static void bound_encode(const T &o, size_t& p, uint64_t f);
+      static void encode(const T &o, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+		         uint64_t f);
+      static void decode(T& o, buffer::ptr::iterator &p, uint64_t f=0);
+    };
+
+  - denc_traits<T> is normally declared via the WRITE_CLASS_DENC(type) macro,
+  which is used in place of the old-style WRITE_CLASS_ENCODER(type) macro.
+  There are _FEATURED and _BOUNDED variants.  The class traits simply call
+  into class methods of the same name (see below).
+
+  - denc_traits<T> can also be written explicitly for some type to indicate
+  how it should be encoded.  This is the "source of truth" for how a type
+  is encoded.
+
+  - denc_traits<T> are declared for the base integer types, string, bufferptr,
+  and bufferlist base types.
+
+  - denc_traits<std::foo<T>>-like traits are declared for standard container
+  types.
+
+
+  class methods look like so
+  ==========================
+
+    void bound_encode(size_t& p) const;
+    void encode(buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p) const;
+    void decode(buffer::ptr::iterator &p);
+
+  or (for featured objects)
+
+    void bound_encode(size_t& p, uint64_t f) const;
+    void encode(buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p, uint64_t f) const;
+    void decode(buffer::ptr::iterator &p);
+
+  - These are normally invoked by the denc_traits<> methods that are
+  declared via WRITE_CLASS_DENC, although you can also invoke them explicitly
+  in your code.
+
+  - These methods are optimised for contiguous buffer, but denc() will try
+    rebuild a contigous one if the decoded bufferlist is segmented. If you are
+    concerned about the cost, you might want to define yet another method:
+
+    void decode(buffer::list::iterator &p);
+
+  - These can be defined either explicitly (as above), or can be "magically"
+  defined all in one go using the DENC macro and DENC_{START,FINISH} helpers
+  (which work like the legacy {ENCODE,DECODE}_{START,FINISH} macros):
+
+    class foo_t {
+      ...
+      DENC(foo_t, v, p) {
+        DENC_START(1, 1, p);
+        denc(v.foo, p);
+        denc(v.bar, p);
+        denc(v.baz, p);
+        DENC_FINISH(p);
+      }
+      ...
+    };
+    WRITE_CLASS_DENC(foo_t)
+
+  */
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// raw types
+namespace _denc {
+  template<class T, class...> struct is_any_of : std::false_type
+  {};
+  template<class T, class Head, class... Tail>
+  struct is_any_of<T, Head, Tail...> : std::conditional<
+    std::is_same<T, Head>::value,
+    std::true_type,
+    is_any_of<T, Tail...>>::type
+  {};
+}
+
+
+template<typename T>
+struct denc_traits<
+  T,
+  typename std::enable_if<
+    _denc::is_any_of<T, ceph_le64, ceph_le32, ceph_le16, uint8_t
+#ifndef _CHAR_IS_SIGNED
+		     , int8_t
+#endif
+		     >::value>::type> {
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = false;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = true;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = false;
+  static void bound_encode(const T &o, size_t& p, uint64_t f=0) {
+    p += sizeof(T);
+  }
+  static void encode(const T &o,
+		     buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+		     uint64_t f=0) {
+    p.append((const char*)&o, sizeof(o));
+  }
+  static void decode(T& o, buffer::ptr::iterator &p,
+		     uint64_t f=0) {
+    o = *(T *)p.get_pos_add(sizeof(o));
+  }
+  static void decode(T& o, buffer::list::iterator &p) {
+    p.copy(sizeof(T), reinterpret_cast<char*>(&o));
+  }
+};
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// integer types
+
+// itype == internal type
+// otype == external type, i.e., the type on the wire
+
+// NOTE: the overload resolution ensures that the legacy encode/decode methods
+// defined for int types is prefered to the ones  defined using the specialized
+// template, and hence get selected. This machinary prevents these these from
+// getting glued into the legacy encode/decode methods; the overhead of setting
+// up a contiguous_appender etc is likely to be slower.
+namespace _denc {
+
+template<typename T, typename=void> struct ExtType {
+  using type = void;
+};
+
+template<typename T> struct ExtType<
+  T,
+  typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<T, int16_t>::value ||
+			  std::is_same<T, uint16_t>::value>::type> {
+  using type = __le16;
+};
+
+template<typename T> struct ExtType<
+  T,
+  typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<T, int32_t>::value ||
+			  std::is_same<T, uint32_t>::value>::type> {
+  using type = __le32;
+};
+
+template<typename T> struct ExtType<
+  T,
+  typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<T, int64_t>::value ||
+			  std::is_same<T, uint64_t>::value>::type> {
+  using type = __le64;
+};
+
+template<> struct ExtType<bool> {
+  using type = uint8_t;
+};
+} // namespace _denc
+
+template<typename T>
+struct denc_traits<
+  T,
+  typename std::enable_if<!std::is_void<typename _denc::ExtType<T>::type>::value>::type>
+{
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = false;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = true;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = false;
+  using etype = typename _denc::ExtType<T>::type;
+  static void bound_encode(const T &o, size_t& p, uint64_t f=0) {
+    p += sizeof(etype);
+  }
+  static void encode(const T &o, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+		     uint64_t f=0) {
+    *(etype *)p.get_pos_add(sizeof(etype)) = o;
+  }
+  static void decode(T& o, buffer::ptr::iterator &p,
+		     uint64_t f=0) {
+    o = *(etype*)p.get_pos_add(sizeof(etype));
+  }
+  static void decode(T& o, buffer::list::iterator &p) {
+    etype e;
+    p.copy(sizeof(etype), reinterpret_cast<char*>(&e));
+    o = e;
+  }
+};
+
+// varint
+//
+// high bit of each byte indicates another byte follows.
+template<typename T>
+inline void denc_varint(T v, size_t& p) {
+  p += sizeof(T) + 1;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void denc_varint(T v, bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) {
+  uint8_t byte = v & 0x7f;
+  v >>= 7;
+  while (v) {
+    byte |= 0x80;
+    *(__u8*)p.get_pos_add(1) = byte;
+    byte = (v & 0x7f);
+    v >>= 7;
+  }
+  *(__u8*)p.get_pos_add(1) = byte;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void denc_varint(T& v, bufferptr::iterator& p) {
+  uint8_t byte = *(__u8*)p.get_pos_add(1);
+  v = byte & 0x7f;
+  int shift = 7;
+  while (byte & 0x80) {
+    byte = *(__u8*)p.get_pos_add(1);
+    v |= (T)(byte & 0x7f) << shift;
+    shift += 7;
+  }
+}
+
+
+// signed varint encoding
+//
+// low bit = 1 = negative, 0 = positive
+// high bit of every byte indicates whether another byte follows.
+inline void denc_signed_varint(int64_t v, size_t& p) {
+  p += sizeof(v) + 2;
+}
+inline void denc_signed_varint(int64_t v, bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) {
+  if (v < 0) {
+    v = (-v << 1) | 1;
+  } else {
+    v <<= 1;
+  }
+  denc_varint(v, p);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void denc_signed_varint(T& v, bufferptr::iterator& p)
+{
+  int64_t i = 0;
+  denc_varint(i, p);
+  if (i & 1) {
+    v = -(i >> 1);
+  } else {
+    v = i >> 1;
+  }
+}
+
+// varint + lowz encoding
+//
+// first(low) 2 bits = how many low zero bits (nibbles)
+// high bit of each byte = another byte follows
+// (so, 5 bits data in first byte, 7 bits data thereafter)
+inline void denc_varint_lowz(uint64_t v, size_t& p) {
+  p += sizeof(v) + 2;
+}
+inline void denc_varint_lowz(uint64_t v, bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) {
+  int lowznib = v ? (ctz(v) / 4) : 0;
+  if (lowznib > 3)
+    lowznib = 3;
+  v >>= lowznib * 4;
+  v <<= 2;
+  v |= lowznib;
+  denc_varint(v, p);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void denc_varint_lowz(T& v, bufferptr::iterator& p)
+{
+  uint64_t i = 0;
+  denc_varint(i, p);
+  int lowznib = (i & 3);
+  i >>= 2;
+  i <<= lowznib * 4;
+  v = i;
+}
+
+// signed varint + lowz encoding
+//
+// first low bit = 1 for negative, 0 for positive
+// next 2 bits = how many low zero bits (nibbles)
+// high bit of each byte = another byte follows
+// (so, 4 bits data in first byte, 7 bits data thereafter)
+inline void denc_signed_varint_lowz(int64_t v, size_t& p) {
+  p += sizeof(v) + 2;
+}
+inline void denc_signed_varint_lowz(int64_t v,
+				    bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) {
+  bool negative = false;
+  if (v < 0) {
+    v = -v;
+    negative = true;
+  }
+  unsigned lowznib = v ? (ctz(v) / 4) : 0u;
+  if (lowznib > 3)
+    lowznib = 3;
+  v >>= lowznib * 4;
+  v <<= 3;
+  v |= lowznib << 1;
+  v |= (int)negative;
+  denc_varint(v, p);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void denc_signed_varint_lowz(T& v, bufferptr::iterator& p)
+{
+  int64_t i = 0;
+  denc_varint(i, p);
+  int lowznib = (i & 6) >> 1;
+  if (i & 1) {
+    i >>= 3;
+    i <<= lowznib * 4;
+    v = -i;
+  } else {
+    i >>= 3;
+    i <<= lowznib * 4;
+    v = i;
+  }
+}
+
+
+// LBA
+//
+// first 1-3 bits = how many low zero bits
+//     *0 = 12 (common 4 K alignment case)
+//    *01 = 16
+//   *011 = 20
+//   *111 = byte
+// then 28-30 bits of data
+// then last bit = another byte follows
+// high bit of each subsequent byte = another byte follows
+inline void denc_lba(uint64_t v, size_t& p) {
+  p += sizeof(v) + 2;
+}
+
+inline void denc_lba(uint64_t v, bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) {
+  int low_zero_nibbles = v ? (int)(ctz(v) / 4) : 0;
+  int pos;
+  uint32_t word;
+  int t = low_zero_nibbles - 3;
+  if (t < 0) {
+    pos = 3;
+    word = 0x7;
+  } else if (t < 3) {
+    v >>= (low_zero_nibbles * 4);
+    pos = t + 1;
+    word = (1 << t) - 1;
+  } else {
+    v >>= 20;
+    pos = 3;
+    word = 0x3;
+  }
+  word |= (v << pos) & 0x7fffffff;
+  v >>= 31 - pos;
+  if (!v) {
+    *(__le32*)p.get_pos_add(sizeof(uint32_t)) = word;
+    return;
+  }
+  word |= 0x80000000;
+  *(__le32*)p.get_pos_add(sizeof(uint32_t)) = word;
+  uint8_t byte = v & 0x7f;
+  v >>= 7;
+  while (v) {
+    byte |= 0x80;
+    *(__u8*)p.get_pos_add(1) = byte;
+    byte = (v & 0x7f);
+    v >>= 7;
+  }
+  *(__u8*)p.get_pos_add(1) = byte;
+}
+
+inline void denc_lba(uint64_t& v, bufferptr::iterator& p) {
+  uint32_t word = *(__le32*)p.get_pos_add(sizeof(uint32_t));
+  int shift;
+  switch (word & 7) {
+  case 0:
+  case 2:
+  case 4:
+  case 6:
+    v = (uint64_t)(word & 0x7ffffffe) << (12 - 1);
+    shift = 12 + 30;
+    break;
+  case 1:
+  case 5:
+    v = (uint64_t)(word & 0x7ffffffc) << (16 - 2);
+    shift = 16 + 29;
+    break;
+  case 3:
+    v = (uint64_t)(word & 0x7ffffff8) << (20 - 3);
+    shift = 20 + 28;
+    break;
+  case 7:
+    v = (uint64_t)(word & 0x7ffffff8) >> 3;
+    shift = 28;
+  }
+  uint8_t byte = word >> 24;
+  while (byte & 0x80) {
+    byte = *(__u8*)p.get_pos_add(1);
+    v |= (uint64_t)(byte & 0x7f) << shift;
+    shift += 7;
+  }
+}
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// denc top-level methods that call into denc_traits<T> methods
+
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       !traits::featured>::type denc(
+  const T& o,
+  size_t& p,
+  uint64_t f=0)
+{
+  traits::bound_encode(o, p);
+}
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       traits::featured>::type denc(
+  const T& o,
+  size_t& p,
+  uint64_t f)
+{
+  traits::bound_encode(o, p, f);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       !traits::featured>::type denc(
+  const T& o,
+  buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+  uint64_t features=0)
+{
+  traits::encode(o, p);
+}
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       traits::featured>::type denc(
+  const T& o,
+  buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+  uint64_t features)
+{
+  traits::encode(o, p, features);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       !traits::featured>::type denc(
+  T& o,
+  buffer::ptr::iterator& p,
+  uint64_t features=0)
+{
+  traits::decode(o, p);
+}
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       traits::featured>::type denc(
+  T& o,
+  buffer::ptr::iterator& p,
+  uint64_t features=0)
+{
+  traits::decode(o, p, features);
+}
+
+namespace _denc {
+  template<typename T, typename=void>
+  struct has_legacy_denc : std::false_type
+  {};
+  template<typename T>
+  struct has_legacy_denc<T,
+    decltype(std::declval<T&>()
+	     .decode(std::declval<bufferlist::iterator&>()))> : std::true_type
+  {
+    static void decode(T& v, bufferlist::iterator& p) {
+      v.decode(p);
+    }
+  };
+  template<typename T>
+  struct has_legacy_denc<T,
+    typename std::enable_if<
+      !denc_traits<T>::need_contiguous>::type> : std::true_type
+  {
+    static void decode(T& v, bufferlist::iterator& p) {
+      denc_traits<T>::decode(v, p);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+template<typename T,
+	 typename traits=denc_traits<T>,
+	 typename has_legacy_denc=_denc::has_legacy_denc<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       has_legacy_denc::value>::type denc(
+  T& o,
+  buffer::list::iterator& p)
+{
+  has_legacy_denc::decode(o, p);
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// base types and containers
+
+//
+// std::string
+//
+template<typename A>
+struct denc_traits<std::basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,A>> {
+private:
+  using value_type = std::basic_string<char,std::char_traits<char>,A>;
+
+public:
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = false;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = false;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = false;
+
+  static void bound_encode(const value_type& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f=0) {
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t) + s.size();
+  }
+  static void encode(const value_type& s,
+		     buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+	      uint64_t f=0) {
+    ::denc((uint32_t)s.size(), p);
+    memcpy(p.get_pos_add(s.size()), s.data(), s.size());
+  }
+  static void decode(value_type& s,
+		     buffer::ptr::iterator& p,
+		     uint64_t f=0) {
+    uint32_t len;
+    ::denc(len, p);
+    decode_nohead(len, s, p);
+  }
+  static void decode(value_type& s, buffer::list::iterator& p)
+  {
+    uint32_t len;
+    ::denc(len, p);
+    s.clear();
+    p.copy(len, s);
+  }
+  static void decode_nohead(size_t len, value_type& s,
+			    buffer::ptr::iterator& p) {
+    s.clear();
+    if (len) {
+      s.append(p.get_pos_add(len), len);
+    }
+  }
+  static void encode_nohead(const value_type& s,
+			    buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p) {
+    p.append(s.data(), s.length());
+  }
+};
+
+//
+// bufferptr
+//
+template<>
+struct denc_traits<bufferptr> {
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = false;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = false;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = false;
+  static void bound_encode(const bufferptr& v, size_t& p, uint64_t f=0) {
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t) + v.length();
+  }
+  static void encode(const bufferptr& v, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+	      uint64_t f=0) {
+    ::denc((uint32_t)v.length(), p);
+    p.append(v);
+  }
+  static void decode(bufferptr& v, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f=0) {
+    uint32_t len;
+    ::denc(len, p);
+    v = p.get_ptr(len);
+  }
+  static void decode(bufferptr& v, buffer::list::iterator& p) {
+    uint32_t len;
+    ::denc(len, p);
+    bufferlist s;
+    p.copy(len, s);
+    if (len) {
+      if (s.get_num_buffers() == 1)
+	v = s.front();
+      else
+	v = buffer::copy(s.c_str(), s.length());
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+//
+// bufferlist
+//
+template<>
+struct denc_traits<bufferlist> {
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = false;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = false;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = false;
+  static void bound_encode(const bufferlist& v, size_t& p, uint64_t f=0) {
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t) + v.length();
+  }
+  static void encode(const bufferlist& v, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+	      uint64_t f=0) {
+    ::denc((uint32_t)v.length(), p);
+    p.append(v);
+  }
+  static void decode(bufferlist& v, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f=0) {
+    uint32_t len;
+    ::denc(len, p);
+    v.clear();
+    v.push_back(p.get_ptr(len));
+  }
+  static void decode(bufferlist& v, buffer::list::iterator& p) {
+    uint32_t len;
+    ::denc(len, p);
+    v.clear();
+    p.copy(len, v);
+  }
+  static void encode_nohead(const bufferlist& v,
+			    buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p) {
+    p.append(v);
+  }
+  static void decode_nohead(size_t len, bufferlist& v,
+			    buffer::ptr::iterator& p) {
+    v.clear();
+    if (len) {
+      v.append(p.get_ptr(len));
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+//
+// std::pair<A, B>
+//
+template<typename A, typename B>
+struct denc_traits<
+  std::pair<A, B>,
+  typename std::enable_if<denc_traits<A>::supported &&
+			  denc_traits<B>::supported>::type> {
+  typedef denc_traits<A> a_traits;
+  typedef denc_traits<B> b_traits;
+
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = a_traits::featured || b_traits::featured ;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = a_traits::bounded && b_traits::bounded;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = (a_traits::need_contiguous ||
+					   b_traits::need_contiguous);
+
+  template<typename AA=A>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(AA) &&
+				 !featured>::type
+  bound_encode(const std::pair<A,B>& v, size_t& p) {
+    denc(v.first, p);
+    denc(v.second, p);
+  }
+  template<typename AA=A>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(AA) &&
+				 featured, void>::type
+  bound_encode(const std::pair<A,B>& v, size_t& p, uint64_t f) {
+    denc(v.first, p, f);
+    denc(v.second, p, f);
+  }
+
+  template<typename AA=A>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(AA) &&
+				 !featured>::type
+  encode(const std::pair<A,B>& v, bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) {
+    denc(v.first, p);
+    denc(v.second, p);
+  }
+  template<typename AA=A>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(AA) &&
+				 featured, void>::type
+  encode(const std::pair<A,B>& v, bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p,
+	 uint64_t f) {
+    denc(v.first, p, f);
+    denc(v.second, p, f);
+  }
+
+  static void decode(std::pair<A,B>& v, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f=0) {
+    denc(v.first, p, f);
+    denc(v.second, p, f);
+  }
+  template<typename AA=A>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(AA) && !need_contiguous>::type
+    decode(std::pair<A,B>& v, buffer::list::iterator& p,
+	    uint64_t f = 0) {
+    denc(v.first, p);
+    denc(v.second, p);
+  }
+};
+
+namespace _denc {
+  template<template<class...> class C, typename Details, typename ...Ts>
+  struct container_base {
+  private:
+    using container = C<Ts...>;
+    using T = typename Details::T;
+
+  public:
+    using traits = denc_traits<T>;
+
+    static constexpr bool supported = true;
+    static constexpr bool featured = traits::featured;
+    static constexpr bool bounded = false;
+    static constexpr bool need_contiguous = traits::need_contiguous;
+
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				   !traits::bounded &&
+				   !traits::featured>::type
+    bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p) {
+      p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+      for (const T& e : s) {
+	denc(e, p);
+      }
+    }
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				   traits::bounded &&
+				   !traits::featured, void>::type
+    bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p) {
+      size_t elem_size = 0;
+      p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+      if (!s.empty()) {
+	// STL containers use weird element types like std::pair<const K, V>;
+	// cast to something we have denc_traits for.
+	denc(static_cast<const T&>(*s.begin()), elem_size);
+	p += sizeof(uint32_t) + elem_size * s.size();
+      }
+    }
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				   !traits::bounded &&
+				   traits::featured, void>::type
+    bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f) {
+      p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+      for (const T& e : s) {
+	denc(e, p, f);
+      }
+    }
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				   traits::bounded &&
+				   traits::featured>::type
+    bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f) {
+      size_t elem_size = 0;
+      p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+      if (!s.empty()) {
+	// STL containers use weird element types like std::pair<const K, V>;
+	// cast to something we have denc_traits for.
+	denc(static_cast<const T&>(*s.begin()), elem_size, f);
+	p += elem_size * s.size();
+      }
+    }
+
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				   !traits::featured>::type
+    encode(const container& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p) {
+      denc((uint32_t)s.size(), p);
+      encode_nohead(s, p);
+    }
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				   traits::featured>::type
+    encode(const container& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+	   uint64_t f) {
+      denc((uint32_t)s.size(), p);
+      encode_nohead(s, p, f);
+    }
+    static void decode(container& s, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f = 0) {
+      uint32_t num;
+      denc(num, p);
+      decode_nohead(num, s, p, f);
+    }
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) && !need_contiguous>::type
+    decode(container& s, buffer::list::iterator& p) {
+      uint32_t num;
+      denc(num, p);
+      decode_nohead(num, s, p);
+    }
+
+    // nohead
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				   !traits::featured>::type
+    encode_nohead(const container& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p) {
+      for (const T& e : s) {
+	denc(e, p);
+      }
+    }
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				   traits::featured>::type
+    encode_nohead(const container& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+		  uint64_t f) {
+      for (const T& e : s) {
+	denc(e, p, f);
+      }
+    }
+    static void decode_nohead(size_t num, container& s,
+			      buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f=0) {
+      s.clear();
+      Details::reserve(s, num);
+      while (num--) {
+	T t;
+	denc(t, p, f);
+	Details::insert(s, std::move(t));
+      }
+    }
+    template<typename U=T>
+    static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) && !need_contiguous>::type
+    decode_nohead(size_t num, container& s,
+		  buffer::list::iterator& p) {
+      s.clear();
+      Details::reserve(s, num);
+      while (num--) {
+	T t;
+	denc(t, p);
+	Details::insert(s, std::move(t));
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<typename T>
+  class container_has_reserve {
+    template<typename U, U> struct SFINAE_match;
+    template<typename U>
+    static std::true_type test(SFINAE_match<T(*)(typename T::size_type),
+			       &U::reserve>*);
+
+    template<typename U>
+    static std::false_type test(...);
+
+  public:
+    static constexpr bool value = decltype(
+      test<denc_traits<T>>(0))::value;
+  };
+
+
+  template<typename Container,
+	   bool Reserve = container_has_reserve<Container>::value>
+  struct reserve_switch;
+
+  template<typename Container>
+  struct reserve_switch<Container, true> {
+    static void reserve(Container& c, size_t s) {
+      c.reserve(s);
+    }
+  };
+
+  template<typename Container>
+  struct reserve_switch<Container, false> {
+    static void reserve(Container& c, size_t s) {}
+  };
+
+  template<typename Container>
+  struct container_details_base : public reserve_switch<Container> {
+    using T = typename Container::value_type;
+  };
+
+  template<typename Container>
+  struct pushback_details : public container_details_base<Container> {
+    template<typename ...Args>
+    static void insert(Container& c, Args&& ...args) {
+      c.emplace_back(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename ...Ts>
+struct denc_traits<
+  std::list<T, Ts...>,
+  typename std::enable_if<denc_traits<T>::supported>::type>
+  : public _denc::container_base<std::list,
+				 _denc::pushback_details<std::list<T, Ts...>>,
+				 T, Ts...> {};
+
+template<typename T, typename ...Ts>
+struct denc_traits<
+  std::vector<T, Ts...>,
+  typename std::enable_if<denc_traits<T>::supported>::type>
+  : public _denc::container_base<std::vector,
+				 _denc::pushback_details<std::vector<T, Ts...>>,
+				 T, Ts...> {};
+
+namespace _denc {
+  template<typename Container>
+  struct setlike_details : public container_details_base<Container> {
+    using T = typename Container::value_type;
+    template<typename ...Args>
+    static void insert(Container& c, Args&& ...args) {
+      c.emplace_hint(c.cend(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename ...Ts>
+struct denc_traits<
+  std::set<T, Ts...>,
+  typename std::enable_if<denc_traits<T>::supported>::type>
+  : public _denc::container_base<std::set,
+				 _denc::setlike_details<std::set<T, Ts...>>,
+				 T, Ts...> {};
+
+template<typename T, typename ...Ts>
+struct denc_traits<
+  boost::container::flat_set<T, Ts...>,
+  typename std::enable_if<denc_traits<T>::supported>::type>
+  : public _denc::container_base<
+  boost::container::flat_set,
+  _denc::setlike_details<boost::container::flat_set<T, Ts...>>,
+  T, Ts...> {};
+
+namespace _denc {
+  template<typename Container>
+  struct maplike_details : public container_details_base<Container> {
+    using T = std::pair<typename Container::key_type,
+			typename Container::mapped_type>;
+    template<typename ...Args>
+    static void insert(Container& c, Args&& ...args) {
+      c.emplace_hint(c.cend(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+  };
+}
+
+template<typename A, typename B, typename ...Ts>
+struct denc_traits<
+  std::map<A, B, Ts...>,
+  typename std::enable_if<denc_traits<A>::supported &&
+			  denc_traits<B>::supported>::type>
+  : public _denc::container_base<std::map,
+				 _denc::maplike_details<std::map<A, B, Ts...>>,
+				 A, B, Ts...> {};
+
+template<typename A, typename B, typename ...Ts>
+struct denc_traits<
+  boost::container::flat_map<A, B, Ts...>,
+  typename std::enable_if<denc_traits<A>::supported &&
+			  denc_traits<B>::supported>::type>
+  : public _denc::container_base<
+  boost::container::flat_map,
+  _denc::maplike_details<boost::container::flat_map<
+			   A, B, Ts...>>,
+  A, B, Ts...> {};
+
+template<typename T, size_t N>
+struct denc_traits<
+  std::array<T, N>,
+  typename std::enable_if<denc_traits<T>::supported>::type> {
+private:
+  using container = std::array<T, N>;
+public:
+  using traits = denc_traits<T>;
+
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = traits::featured;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = traits::bounded;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = traits::need_contiguous;
+
+  template<typename U=T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				 !traits::bounded &&
+				 !traits::featured>::type
+  bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p) {
+    for (const auto& e : s)
+      denc(e, p);
+  }
+  template<typename U=T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				 traits::bounded &&
+				 !traits::featured, void>::type
+  bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p) {
+    size_t elem_size = 0;
+    denc(*s.begin(), elem_size);
+    p += elem_size * N;
+  }
+  template<typename U=T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				 !traits::bounded &&
+				 traits::featured, void>::type
+  bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f) {
+    for (const auto& e : s)
+      denc(e, p, f);
+  }
+  template<typename U=T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				 traits::bounded &&
+				 traits::featured>::type
+  bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f) {
+    size_t elem_size = 0;
+    p += sizeof(uint32_t);
+    if (!s.empty()) {
+      denc(*s.begin(), elem_size, f);
+      p += elem_size * s.size();
+    }
+  }
+
+  template<typename U=T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				 !traits::featured>::type
+  encode(const container& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p) {
+    for (const auto& e : s)
+      denc(e, p);
+  }
+  template<typename U=T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+				 traits::featured>::type
+    encode(const container& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+	   uint64_t f) {
+    for (const auto& e : s)
+      denc(e, p, f);
+  }
+  static void decode(container& s, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f = 0) {
+    for (auto& e : s)
+      denc(e, p, f);
+  }
+  template<typename U=T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) &&
+                                 !need_contiguous>::type
+  decode(container& s, buffer::list::iterator& p) {
+    for (auto& e : s) {
+      denc(e, p);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+namespace _denc {
+  template<size_t... I>
+  struct indices {};
+
+  template<size_t ...S>
+  struct build_indices_helper;
+  template<size_t N, size_t ...Is>
+  struct build_indices_helper<N, N, Is...> {
+    using type = indices<Is...>;
+  };
+  template<size_t N, size_t I, size_t ...Is>
+  struct build_indices_helper<N, I, Is...> {
+    using type = typename build_indices_helper<N, I + 1, Is..., I>::type;
+  };
+
+  template<size_t I>
+  struct build_indices {
+    using type = typename build_indices_helper<I, 1, 0>::type;
+  };
+  template<>
+  struct build_indices<0> {
+    using type = indices<>;
+  };
+  template<>
+  struct build_indices<1> {
+    using type = indices<0>;
+  };
+
+  template<size_t I>
+  using build_indices_t = typename  build_indices<I>::type;
+
+  template<typename ...Ts>
+  struct tuple_traits;
+  template<typename T, typename ...Ts>
+  struct tuple_traits<T, Ts...> {
+    static constexpr bool supported = (denc_traits<T>::supported &&
+				       tuple_traits<Ts...>::supported);
+    static constexpr bool bounded = (denc_traits<T>::bounded &&
+				     tuple_traits<Ts...>::bounded);
+    static constexpr bool featured = (denc_traits<T>::featured ||
+				    tuple_traits<Ts...>::featured);
+    static constexpr bool need_contiguous =
+      (denc_traits<T>::need_contiguous ||
+       tuple_traits<Ts...>::need_contiguous);
+  };
+  template<>
+  struct tuple_traits<> {
+    static constexpr bool supported = true;
+    static constexpr bool bounded = true;
+    static constexpr bool featured = false;
+    static constexpr bool need_contiguous = false;
+  };
+}
+
+template<typename ...Ts>
+struct denc_traits<
+  std::tuple<Ts...>,
+  typename std::enable_if<_denc::tuple_traits<Ts...>::supported>::type> {
+private:
+  static_assert(sizeof...(Ts) > 0,
+		"Zero-length tuples are not supported.");
+  using container = std::tuple<Ts...>;
+
+  template<typename T, size_t I, size_t J, size_t ...Is>
+  static void bound_encode_helper_nfnb(const T& s, size_t& p,
+				       _denc::indices<I, J, Is...>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+    bound_encode_helper_nfnb(s, p, _denc::indices<J, Is...>{});
+  }
+  template<typename T, size_t I>
+  static void bound_encode_helper_nfnb(const T& s, size_t& p,
+				       _denc::indices<I>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+  }
+
+  template<typename T, size_t I, size_t J, size_t ...Is>
+  static void bound_encode_helper_nfb(const T& s, size_t& p,
+				      _denc::indices<I, J, Is...>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+    bound_encode_helper_nfb(s, p, _denc::indices<J, Is...>{});
+  }
+  template<typename T, size_t I>
+  static void bound_encode_helper_nfb(const T& s, size_t& p,
+				      _denc::indices<I>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+  }
+
+  template<typename T, size_t I, size_t J, size_t ...Is>
+  static void bound_encode_helper_fnb(const T& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f,
+				      _denc::indices<I, J, Is...>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p, f);
+    bound_encode_helper_fnb(s, p, f, _denc::indices<J, Is...>{});
+  }
+  template<typename T, size_t I>
+  static void bound_encode_helper_fnb(const T& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f,
+				      _denc::indices<I>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p, f);
+  }
+
+  template<typename T, size_t I, size_t J, size_t ...Is>
+  static void bound_encode_helper_fb(const T& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f,
+				     _denc::indices<I, J, Is...>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+    bound_encode_helper_fb(s, p, f, _denc::indices<J, Is...>{});
+  }
+  template<typename T, size_t I>
+  static void bound_encode_helper_fb(const T& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f,
+				     _denc::indices<I>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+  }
+
+  template<typename T, size_t I, size_t J, size_t ...Is>
+  static void encode_helper_nf(const T& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+			       _denc::indices<I, J, Is...>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+    encode_helper_nf(s, p, _denc::indices<J, Is...>{});
+  }
+  template<typename T, size_t I>
+  static void encode_helper_nf(const T& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+			_denc::indices<I>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+  }
+
+  template<typename T, size_t I, size_t J, size_t ...Is>
+  static void encode_helper_f(const T& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+			      uint64_t f, _denc::indices<I, J, Is...>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p, f);
+    encode_helper_nf(s, p, f, _denc::indices<J, Is...>{});
+  }
+  template<typename T, size_t I>
+  static void encode_helper_f(const T& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+		       uint64_t f, _denc::indices<I>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p, f);
+  }
+
+  template<typename T, size_t I, size_t J, size_t ...Is>
+  static void decode_helper(T& s, buffer::ptr::iterator& p,
+			    _denc::indices<I, J, Is...>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+    decode_helper(s, p, _denc::indices<J, Is...>{});
+  }
+  template<typename T, size_t I>
+  static void decode_helper(T& s, buffer::ptr::iterator& p,
+		     _denc::indices<I>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+  }
+  template<typename T, size_t I, size_t J, size_t ...Is>
+  static void decode_helper(T& s, buffer::list::iterator& p,
+			    _denc::indices<I, J, Is...>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+    decode_helper(s, p, _denc::indices<J, Is...>{});
+  }
+  template<typename T, size_t I>
+  static void decode_helper(T& s, buffer::list::iterator& p,
+			    _denc::indices<I>) {
+    denc(std::get<I>(s), p);
+  }
+
+public:
+  using traits = _denc::tuple_traits<Ts...>;
+
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = traits::featured;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = traits::bounded;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = traits::need_contiguous;
+
+
+  template<typename U = traits>
+  static typename std::enable_if<U::supported &&
+				 !traits::bounded &&
+				 !traits::featured>::type
+  bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p) {
+    bound_encode_helper_nfnb(s, p, _denc::build_indices_t<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+  }
+  template<typename U = traits>
+  static typename std::enable_if<U::supported &&
+				 traits::bounded &&
+				 !traits::featured, void>::type
+  bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p) {
+    bound_encode_helper_nfb(s, p, _denc::build_indices_t<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+  }
+  template<typename U = traits>
+  static typename std::enable_if<U::traits &&
+				 !traits::bounded &&
+				 traits::featured, void>::type
+  bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f) {
+    bound_encode_helper_fnb(s, p, _denc::build_indices_t<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+  }
+  template<typename U = traits>
+  static typename std::enable_if<U::traits &&
+				 traits::bounded &&
+				 traits::featured>::type
+  bound_encode(const container& s, size_t& p, uint64_t f) {
+    bound_encode_helper_fb(s, p, _denc::build_indices_t<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+  }
+
+  template<typename U = traits>
+  static typename std::enable_if<U::supported &&
+				 !traits::featured>::type
+  encode(const container& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p) {
+    encode_helper_nf(s, p, _denc::build_indices_t<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+  }
+  template<typename U = traits>
+  static typename std::enable_if<U::supported &&
+				 traits::featured>::type
+  encode(const container& s, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p,
+	 uint64_t f) {
+    encode_helper_f(s, p, f, _denc::build_indices_t<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+  }
+
+  static void decode(container& s, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f = 0) {
+    decode_helper(s, p, _denc::build_indices_t<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+  }
+  template<typename U = traits>
+  static typename std::enable_if<U::supported &&
+                                 !need_contiguous>::type
+  decode(container& s, buffer::list::iterator& p, uint64_t f = 0) {
+    decode_helper(s, p, _denc::build_indices_t<sizeof...(Ts)>{});
+  }
+};
+
+//
+// boost::optional<T>
+//
+template<typename T>
+struct denc_traits<
+  boost::optional<T>,
+  typename std::enable_if<denc_traits<T>::supported>::type> {
+  using traits = denc_traits<T>;
+
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = traits::featured;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = false;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = traits::need_contiguous;
+
+  template<typename U = T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) && !featured>::type
+  bound_encode(const boost::optional<T>& v, size_t& p) {
+    p += sizeof(bool);
+    if (v)
+      denc(*v, p);
+  }
+  template<typename U = T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) && featured>::type
+  bound_encode(const boost::optional<T>& v, size_t& p, uint64_t f) {
+    p += sizeof(bool);
+    if (v)
+      denc(*v, p);
+  }
+
+  template<typename U = T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) && !featured>::type
+  encode(const boost::optional<T>& v, bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) {
+    denc((bool)v, p);
+    if (v)
+      denc(*v, p);
+  }
+  template<typename U = T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) && featured>::type
+  encode(const boost::optional<T>& v, bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p,
+	 uint64_t f) {
+    denc((bool)v, p, f);
+    if (v)
+      denc(*v, p, f);
+  }
+
+  static void decode(boost::optional<T>& v, buffer::ptr::iterator& p,
+		     uint64_t f = 0) {
+    bool x;
+    denc(x, p, f);
+    if (x) {
+      v = T{};
+      denc(*v, p, f);
+    } else {
+      v = boost::none;
+    }
+  }
+
+  template<typename U = T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) && !need_contiguous>::type
+  decode(boost::optional<T>& v, buffer::list::iterator& p) {
+    bool x;
+    denc(x, p);
+    if (x) {
+      v = T{};
+      denc(*v, p);
+    } else {
+      v = boost::none;
+    }
+  }
+
+  template<typename U = T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) && !featured>::type
+  encode_nohead(const boost::optional<T>& v,
+		bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) {
+    if (v)
+      denc(*v, p);
+  }
+  template<typename U = T>
+  static typename std::enable_if<sizeof(U) && featured>::type
+  encode_nohead(const boost::optional<T>& v,
+		bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p,
+		uint64_t f) {
+    if (v)
+      denc(*v, p, f);
+  }
+
+  static void decode_nohead(bool num, boost::optional<T>& v,
+			    buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f = 0) {
+    if (num) {
+      v = T();
+      denc(*v, p, f);
+    } else {
+      v = boost::none;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+template<>
+struct denc_traits<boost::none_t> {
+  static constexpr bool supported = true;
+  static constexpr bool featured = false;
+  static constexpr bool bounded = true;
+  static constexpr bool need_contiguous = false;
+
+  static void bound_encode(const boost::none_t& v, size_t& p) {
+    p += sizeof(bool);
+  }
+
+  static void encode(const boost::none_t& v,
+		     bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) {
+    denc(false, p);
+  }
+};
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// class helpers
+
+// Write denc_traits<> for a class that defines bound_encode/encode/decode
+// methods.
+
+#define WRITE_CLASS_DENC(T) _DECLARE_CLASS_DENC(T, false)
+#define WRITE_CLASS_DENC_BOUNDED(T) _DECLARE_CLASS_DENC(T, true)
+#define _DECLARE_CLASS_DENC(T, b)					\
+  template<> struct denc_traits<T> {					\
+    static constexpr bool supported = true;				\
+    static constexpr bool featured = false;				\
+    static constexpr bool bounded = b;					\
+    static constexpr bool need_contiguous = !_denc::has_legacy_denc<T>::value;\
+    static void bound_encode(const T& v, size_t& p, uint64_t f=0) {	\
+      v.bound_encode(p);						\
+    }									\
+    static void encode(const T& v, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p, \
+		       uint64_t f=0) {					\
+      v.encode(p);							\
+    }									\
+    static void decode(T& v, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f=0) {	\
+      v.decode(p);							\
+    }									\
+  };
+
+#define WRITE_CLASS_DENC_FEATURED(T) _DECLARE_CLASS_DENC_FEATURED(T, false)
+#define WRITE_CLASS_DENC_FEATURED_BOUNDED(T) _DECLARE_CLASS_DENC_FEATURED(T, true)
+#define _DECLARE_CLASS_DENC_FEATURED(T, b)				\
+  template<> struct denc_traits<T> {					\
+    static constexpr bool supported = true;				\
+    static constexpr bool featured = true;				\
+    static constexpr bool bounded = b;					\
+    static constexpr bool need_contiguous = !_denc::has_legacy_denc<T>::value;\
+    static void bound_encode(const T& v, size_t& p, uint64_t f) {	\
+      v.bound_encode(p, f);						\
+    }									\
+    static void encode(const T& v, buffer::list::contiguous_appender& p, \
+		       uint64_t f) {					\
+      v.encode(p, f);							\
+    }									\
+    static void decode(T& v, buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f=0) {	\
+      v.decode(p, f);							\
+    }									\
+  };
+
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// encode/decode wrappers
+
+// These glue the new-style denc world into old-style calls to encode
+// and decode by calling into denc_traits<> methods (when present).
+
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       !traits::featured>::type encode(
+  const T& o,
+  bufferlist& bl,
+  uint64_t features_unused=0)
+{
+  size_t len = 0;
+  traits::bound_encode(o, len);
+  auto a = bl.get_contiguous_appender(len);
+  traits::encode(o, a);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       traits::featured>::type encode(
+  const T& o, bufferlist& bl,
+  uint64_t features)
+{
+  size_t len = 0;
+  traits::bound_encode(o, len, features);
+  auto a = bl.get_contiguous_appender(len);
+  traits::encode(o, a, features);
+}
+
+template<typename T,
+	 typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       !traits::need_contiguous>::type decode(
+  T& o,
+  bufferlist::iterator& p)
+{
+  if (p.end())
+    throw buffer::end_of_buffer();
+  const auto& bl = p.get_bl();
+  const auto remaining = bl.length() - p.get_off();
+  // it is expensive to rebuild a contigous buffer and drop it, so avoid this.
+  if (p.get_current_ptr().get_raw() != bl.back().get_raw() &&
+      remaining > CEPH_PAGE_SIZE) {
+    traits::decode(o, p);
+  } else {
+    // ensure we get a contigous buffer... until the end of the
+    // bufferlist.  we don't really know how much we'll need here,
+    // unfortunately.  hopefully it is already contiguous and we're just
+    // bumping the raw ref and initializing the ptr tmp fields.
+    bufferptr tmp;
+    bufferlist::iterator t = p;
+    t.copy_shallow(remaining, tmp);
+    auto cp = tmp.begin();
+    traits::decode(o, cp);
+    p.advance((ssize_t)cp.get_offset());
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename T,
+	 typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       traits::need_contiguous>::type decode(
+  T& o,
+  bufferlist::iterator& p)
+{
+  if (p.end())
+    throw buffer::end_of_buffer();
+  // ensure we get a contigous buffer... until the end of the
+  // bufferlist.  we don't really know how much we'll need here,
+  // unfortunately.  hopefully it is already contiguous and we're just
+  // bumping the raw ref and initializing the ptr tmp fields.
+  bufferptr tmp;
+  bufferlist::iterator t = p;
+  t.copy_shallow(p.get_bl().length() - p.get_off(), tmp);
+  auto cp = tmp.begin();
+  traits::decode(o, cp);
+  p.advance((ssize_t)cp.get_offset());
+}
+
+// nohead variants
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       !traits::featured>::type encode_nohead(
+  const T& o,
+  bufferlist& bl)
+{
+  size_t len = 0;
+  traits::bound_encode(o, len);
+  auto a = bl.get_contiguous_appender(len);
+  traits::encode_nohead(o, a);
+}
+
+template<typename T, typename traits=denc_traits<T>>
+inline typename std::enable_if<traits::supported &&
+			       !traits::featured>::type decode_nohead(
+  size_t num,
+  T& o,
+  bufferlist::iterator& p)
+{
+  if (!num)
+    return;
+  if (p.end())
+    throw buffer::end_of_buffer();
+  bufferptr tmp;
+  bufferlist::iterator t = p;
+  t.copy_shallow(p.get_bl().length() - p.get_off(), tmp);
+  auto cp = tmp.begin();
+  traits::decode_nohead(num, o, cp);
+  p.advance((ssize_t)cp.get_offset());
+}
+
+
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------
+// DENC
+
+// These are some class methods we need to do the version and length
+// wrappers for DENC_{START,FINISH} for inter-version
+// interoperability.
+
+#define DENC_HELPERS							\
+  /* bound_encode */							\
+  static void _denc_start(size_t& p,					\
+			  __u8 *struct_v,				\
+			  __u8 *struct_compat,				\
+			  char **, uint32_t *) {			\
+    p += 2 + 4;								\
+  }									\
+  static void _denc_finish(size_t& p,					\
+			   __u8 *struct_v,				\
+			   __u8 *struct_compat,				\
+			   char **, uint32_t *) { }			\
+  /* encode */								\
+  static void _denc_start(bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p,		\
+			  __u8 *struct_v,				\
+			  __u8 *struct_compat,				\
+			  char **len_pos,				\
+			  uint32_t *start_oob_off) {			\
+    denc(*struct_v, p);							\
+    denc(*struct_compat, p);						\
+    *len_pos = p.get_pos_add(4);					\
+    *start_oob_off = p.get_out_of_band_offset();			\
+  }									\
+  static void _denc_finish(bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p,		\
+			   __u8 *struct_v,				\
+			   __u8 *struct_compat,				\
+			   char **len_pos,				\
+			   uint32_t *start_oob_off) {			\
+    *(__le32*)*len_pos = p.get_pos() - *len_pos - sizeof(uint32_t) +	\
+      p.get_out_of_band_offset() - *start_oob_off;			\
+  }									\
+  /* decode */								\
+  static void _denc_start(buffer::ptr::iterator& p,			\
+			  __u8 *struct_v,				\
+			  __u8 *struct_compat,				\
+			  char **start_pos,				\
+			  uint32_t *struct_len) {			\
+    denc(*struct_v, p);							\
+    denc(*struct_compat, p);						\
+    denc(*struct_len, p);						\
+    *start_pos = const_cast<char*>(p.get_pos());			\
+  }									\
+  static void _denc_finish(buffer::ptr::iterator& p,			\
+			   __u8 *struct_v, __u8 *struct_compat,		\
+			   char **start_pos,				\
+			   uint32_t *struct_len) {			\
+    const char *pos = p.get_pos();					\
+    char *end = *start_pos + *struct_len;				\
+    assert(pos <= end);							\
+    if (pos < end) {							\
+      p.advance(end - pos);						\
+    }									\
+  }
+
+// Helpers for versioning the encoding.  These correspond to the
+// {ENCODE,DECODE}_{START,FINISH} macros.
+
+#define DENC_START(v, compat, p)					\
+  __u8 struct_v = v;							\
+  __u8 struct_compat = compat;						\
+  char *_denc_pchar;							\
+  uint32_t _denc_u32;							\
+  _denc_start(p, &struct_v, &struct_compat, &_denc_pchar, &_denc_u32);	\
+  do {
+
+#define DENC_FINISH(p)							\
+  } while (false);							\
+  _denc_finish(p, &struct_v, &struct_compat, &_denc_pchar, &_denc_u32);
+
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Helpers for writing a unified bound_encode/encode/decode
+// implementation that won't screw up buffer size estimations.
+
+#define DENC(Type, v, p)						\
+  DENC_HELPERS								\
+  void bound_encode(size_t& p) const {					\
+    _denc_friend(*this, p);						\
+  }									\
+  void encode(bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p) const {		\
+    DENC_DUMP_PRE(Type);						\
+    _denc_friend(*this, p);						\
+    DENC_DUMP_POST(Type);						\
+  }									\
+  void decode(buffer::ptr::iterator& p) {				\
+    _denc_friend(*this, p);						\
+  }									\
+  template<typename T, typename P>					\
+  friend typename std::enable_if<boost::is_same<T,Type>::value ||	\
+  boost::is_same<T,const Type>::value>::type				\
+  _denc_friend(T& v, P& p)
+
+#define DENC_FEATURED(Type, v, p, f)					\
+  DENC_HELPERS								\
+  void bound_encode(size_t& p, uint64_t f) const {			\
+    _denc_friend(*this, p, f);						\
+  }									\
+  void encode(bufferlist::contiguous_appender& p, uint64_t f) const {	\
+    DENC_DUMP_PRE(Type);						\
+    _denc_friend(*this, p, f);						\
+    DENC_DUMP_POST(Type);						\
+  }									\
+  void decode(buffer::ptr::iterator& p, uint64_t f=0) {			\
+    _denc_friend(*this, p, f);						\
+  }									\
+  template<typename T, typename P>					\
+  friend typename std::enable_if<boost::is_same<T,Type>::value ||	\
+  boost::is_same<T,const Type>::value>::type				\
+  _denc_friend(T& v, P& p, uint64_t f)
+
+#endif