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+<title>SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: FAQ - Apache HTTP Server</title>
+<link href="../style/css/manual.css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="Main stylesheet" />
+<link href="../style/css/manual-loose-100pc.css" rel="alternate stylesheet" media="all" type="text/css" title="No Sidebar - Default font size" />
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+<body id="manual-page"><div id="page-header">
+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p>
+<p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p>
+<img alt="" src="../images/feather.gif" /></div>
+<div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="../images/left.gif" /></a></div>
+<div id="path">
+<a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="../">Version 2.0</a> > <a href="./">SSL/TLS</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>SSL/TLS Strong Encryption: FAQ</h1>
+<div class="toplang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/ssl/ssl_faq.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
+</div>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>The wise man doesn't give the right answers,
+he poses the right questions.</p>
+<p class="cite">-- <cite>Claude Levi-Strauss</cite></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+<p>This chapter is a collection of frequently asked questions (FAQ) and
+corresponding answers following the popular USENET tradition. Most of these
+questions occurred on the Newsgroup <code><a href="news:comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix">comp.infosystems.www.servers.unix</a></code> or the mod_ssl Support
+Mailing List <code><a href="mailto:modssl-users@modssl.org">modssl-users@modssl.org</a></code>. They are collected at this place
+to avoid answering the same questions over and over.</p>
+
+<p>Please read this chapter at least once when installing mod_ssl or at least
+search for your problem here before submitting a problem report to the
+author.</p>
+</div>
+<div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#about">About The Module</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#aboutconfig">Configuration</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#aboutcerts">Certificates</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#aboutssl">The SSL Protocol</a></li>
+<li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#support">mod_ssl Support</a></li>
+</ul></div>
+<div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="about" id="about">About The Module</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#history">What is the history of mod_ssl?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#wassenaar">mod_ssl and Wassenaar Arrangement?</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3><a name="history" id="history">What is the history of mod_ssl?</a></h3>
+<p>The mod_ssl v1 package was initially created in April 1998 by <a href="mailto:rse@engelschall.com">Ralf S. Engelschall</a> via porting <a href="mailto:ben@algroup.co.uk">Ben Laurie</a>'s <a href="http://www.apache-ssl.org/">Apache-SSL</a> 1.17 source patches for
+ Apache 1.2.6 to Apache 1.3b6. Because of conflicts with Ben
+ Laurie's development cycle it then was re-assembled from scratch for
+ Apache 1.3.0 by merging the old mod_ssl 1.x with the newer Apache-SSL
+ 1.18. From this point on mod_ssl lived its own life as mod_ssl v2. The
+ first publicly released version was mod_ssl 2.0.0 from August 10th,
+ 1998. </p>
+
+ <p>After US export restrictions on cryptographic software were
+ loosened, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> became part of the Apache HTTP
+ Server with the release of Apache httpd 2.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="wassenaar" id="wassenaar">Is mod_ssl affected by the Wassenaar Arrangement?</a></h3>
+<p>First, let us explain what <dfn>Wassenaar</dfn> and its <dfn>Arrangement on
+ Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and
+ Technologies</dfn> is: This is a international regime, established in 1995, to
+ control trade in conventional arms and dual-use goods and technology. It
+ replaced the previous <dfn>CoCom</dfn> regime. Further details on
+ both the Arrangement and its signatories are available at <a href="http://www.wassenaar.org/">http://www.wassenaar.org/</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>In short, the aim of the Wassenaar Arrangement is to prevent the build up
+ of military capabilities that threaten regional and international security
+ and stability. The Wassenaar Arrangement controls the export of
+ cryptography as a dual-use good, that is, something that has both military and
+ civilian applications. However, the Wassenaar Arrangement also provides an
+ exemption from export controls for mass-market software and free software.</p>
+
+ <p>In the current Wassenaar <cite>List of Dual Use Goods and Technologies And
+ Munitions</cite>, under <q>GENERAL SOFTWARE NOTE (GSN)</q> it says
+ <q>The Lists do not control "software" which is either: 1. [...] 2. "in
+ the public domain".</q> And under <q>DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED IN
+ THESE LISTS</q> we find <q>In the public
+ domain</q> defined as <q>"technology" or "software" which has been made
+ available without restrictions upon its further dissemination. Note:
+ Copyright restrictions do not remove "technology" or "software" from being
+ "in the public domain".</q></p>
+
+ <p>So, both mod_ssl and OpenSSL are <q>in the public domain</q> for the purposes
+ of the Wassenaar Arrangement and its <q>List of Dual Use Goods and
+ Technologies And Munitions List</q>, and thus not affected by its provisions.</p>
+
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="installation" id="installation">Installation</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#mutex">Why do I get permission errors related to
+SSLMutex when I start Apache?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#entropy">Why does mod_ssl stop with the error "Failed to
+generate temporary 512 bit RSA private key" when I start Apache?</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3><a name="mutex" id="mutex">Why do I get permission errors related to
+ SSLMutex when I start Apache?</a></h3>
+ <p>Errors such as ``<code>mod_ssl: Child could not open
+ SSLMutex lockfile /opt/apache/logs/ssl_mutex.18332 (System error follows)
+ [...] System: Permission denied (errno: 13)</code>'' are usually
+ caused by overly restrictive permissions on the <em>parent</em> directories.
+ Make sure that all parent directories (here <code>/opt</code>,
+ <code>/opt/apache</code> and <code>/opt/apache/logs</code>) have the x-bit
+ set for, at minimum, the UID under which Apache's children are running (see
+ the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#user">User</a></code> directive).</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="entropy" id="entropy">Why does mod_ssl stop with the error
+ "Failed to generate temporary 512 bit RSA private key" when I start
+ Apache?</a></h3>
+ <p>Cryptographic software needs a source of unpredictable data
+ to work correctly. Many open source operating systems provide
+ a "randomness device" that serves this purpose (usually named
+ <code>/dev/random</code>). On other systems, applications have to
+ seed the OpenSSL Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG) manually with
+ appropriate data before generating keys or performing public key
+ encryption. As of version 0.9.5, the OpenSSL functions that need
+ randomness report an error if the PRNG has not been seeded with
+ at least 128 bits of randomness.</p>
+ <p>To prevent this error, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> has to provide
+ enough entropy to the PRNG to allow it to work correctly. This can
+ be done via the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslrandomseed">SSLRandomSeed</a></code>
+ directive.</p>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="aboutconfig" id="aboutconfig">Configuration</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#parallel">Is it possible to provide HTTP and HTTPS from
+the same server?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#ports">Which port does HTTPS use?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#httpstest">How do I speak HTTPS manually for testing
+purposes?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#hang">Why does the connection hang when I connect to my
+SSL-aware Apache server?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#refused">Why do I get ``Connection Refused'' errors, when
+trying to access my newly installed Apache+mod_ssl server via HTTPS?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#envvars">Why are the <code>SSL_XXX</code> variables not
+available to my CGI & SSI scripts?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#relative">How can I switch between HTTP and HTTPS in
+relative hyperlinks?</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3><a name="parallel" id="parallel">Is it possible to provide HTTP and HTTPS
+ from the same server?</a></h3>
+ <p>Yes. HTTP and HTTPS use different server ports (HTTP binds to
+ port 80, HTTPS to port 443), so there is no direct conflict between
+ them. You can either run two separate server instances bound to
+ these ports, or use Apache's elegant virtual hosting facility to
+ create two virtual servers, both served by the same instance of Apache
+ - one responding over HTTP to requests on port 80, and the other
+ responding over HTTPS to requests on port 443.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="ports" id="ports">Which port does HTTPS use?</a></h3>
+<p>You can run HTTPS on any port, but the standards specify port 443, which
+ is where any HTTPS compliant browser will look by default. You can force
+ your browser to look on a different port by specifying it in the URL. For
+ example, if your server is set up to serve pages over HTTPS on port 8080,
+ you can access them at <code>https://example.com:8080/</code></p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="httpstest" id="httpstest">How do I speak HTTPS manually for testing purposes?</a></h3>
+ <p>While you usually just use</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>$ telnet localhost 80<br />
+ GET / HTTP/1.0</code></p></div>
+
+ <p>for simple testing of Apache via HTTP, it's not so easy for
+ HTTPS because of the SSL protocol between TCP and HTTP. With the
+ help of OpenSSL's <code>s_client</code> command, however, you can
+ do a similar check via HTTPS:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>$ openssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -state -debug<br />
+ GET / HTTP/1.0</code></p></div>
+
+ <p>Before the actual HTTP response you will receive detailed
+ information about the SSL handshake. For a more general command
+ line client which directly understands both HTTP and HTTPS, can
+ perform GET and POST operations, can use a proxy, supports byte
+ ranges, etc. you should have a look at the nifty
+ <a href="http://curl.haxx.se/">cURL</a> tool. Using this, you can
+ check that Apache is responding correctly to requests via HTTP and
+ HTTPS as follows:</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>$ curl http://localhost/<br />
+ $ curl https://localhost/</code></p></div>
+
+
+<h3><a name="hang" id="hang">Why does the connection hang when I connect
+ to my SSL-aware Apache server?</a></h3>
+
+<p>This can happen when you try to connect to a HTTPS server (or virtual
+ server) via HTTP (eg, using <code>http://example.com/</code> instead of
+ <code>https://example.com</code>). It can also happen when trying to
+ connect via HTTPS to a HTTP server (eg, using
+ <code>https://example.com/</code> on a server which doesn't support HTTPS,
+ or which supports it on a non-standard port). Make sure that you're
+ connecting to a (virtual) server that supports SSL.</p>
+
+<h3><a name="refused" id="refused">Why do I get ``Connection Refused'' messages,
+ when trying to access my newly installed Apache+mod_ssl server via HTTPS?</a></h3>
+<p>
+ This error can be caused by an incorrect configuration.
+ Please make sure that your <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives match your
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
+ directives. If all else fails, please start afresh, using the default
+ configuration provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="envvars" id="envvars">Why are the <code>SSL_XXX</code> variables
+ not available to my CGI & SSI scripts?</a></h3>
+<p>Please make sure you have ``<code>SSLOptions +StdEnvVars</code>''
+ enabled for the context of your CGI/SSI requests.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="relative" id="relative">How can I switch between HTTP and HTTPS in relative
+ hyperlinks?</a></h3>
+
+<p>Usually, to switch between HTTP and HTTPS, you have to use
+ fully-qualified hyperlinks (because you have to change the URL
+ scheme). Using <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_rewrite.html">mod_rewrite</a></code> however, you can
+ manipulate relative hyperlinks, to achieve the same effect.</p>
+ <div class="example"><p><code>
+ RewriteEngine on<br />
+ RewriteRule ^/(.*):SSL$ https://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,L]<br />
+ RewriteRule ^/(.*):NOSSL$ http://%{SERVER_NAME}/$1 [R,L]
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>This rewrite ruleset lets you use hyperlinks of the form
+ <code><a href="document.html:SSL"></code>, to switch to HTTPS
+ in a relative link. (Replace SSL with NOSSL to switch to HTTP.)</p>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="aboutcerts" id="aboutcerts">Certificates</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#keyscerts">What are RSA Private Keys, CSRs and
+Certificates?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#startup">Is there a difference on startup between
+a non-SSL-aware Apache and an SSL-aware Apache?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#selfcert">How do I create a self-signed SSL
+Certificate for testing purposes?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#realcert">How do I create a real SSL Certificate?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#ownca">How do I create and use my own Certificate
+Authority (CA)?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#passphrase">How can I change the pass-phrase on my private
+key file?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#removepassphrase">How can I get rid of the pass-phrase
+dialog at Apache startup time?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#verify">How do I verify that a private key matches its
+Certificate?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#badcert">Why do connections fail with an "alert bad
+certificate" error?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#keysize">Why does my 2048-bit private key not work?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#hashsymlinks">Why is client authentication broken after
+upgrading from SSLeay version 0.8 to 0.9?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#pemder">How can I convert a certificate from PEM to DER
+format?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#verisign">Why can't I find the
+<code>getca</code> or <code>getverisign</code> programs mentioned by
+Verisign, for installing my Verisign certificate?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#sgc">Can I use the Server Gated Cryptography (SGC)
+facility (aka Verisign Global ID) with mod_ssl?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#gid">Why do browsers complain that they cannot
+verify my Verisign Global ID server certificate?</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3><a name="keyscerts" id="keyscerts">What are RSA Private Keys, CSRs and Certificates?</a></h3>
+<p>An RSA private key file is a digital file that you can use to decrypt
+ messages sent to you. It has a public component which you distribute (via
+ your Certificate file) which allows people to encrypt those messages to
+ you.</p>
+ <p>A Certificate Signing Request (CSR) is a digital file which contains
+ your public key and your name. You send the CSR to a Certifying Authority
+ (CA), who will convert it into a real Certificate, by signing it.</p>
+ <p>A Certificate contains your
+ RSA public key, your name, the name of the CA, and is digitally signed by
+ the CA. Browsers that know the CA can verify the signature on that
+ Certificate, thereby obtaining your RSA public key. That enables them to
+ send messages which only you can decrypt.</p>
+ <p>See the <a href="ssl_intro.html">Introduction</a> chapter for a general
+ description of the SSL protocol.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="startup" id="startup">Is there a difference on startup between
+ a non-SSL-aware Apache and an SSL-aware Apache?</a></h3>
+<p>Yes. In general, starting Apache with
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> built-in is just like starting Apache
+ without it. However, if you have a passphrase on your SSL private
+ key file, a startup dialog will pop up which asks you to enter the
+ pass phrase.</p>
+
+ <p>Having to manually enter the passphrase when starting the server
+ can be problematic - for example, when starting the server from the
+ system boot scripts. In this case, you can follow the steps
+ <a href="#removepassphrase">below</a> to remove the passphrase from
+ your private key. Bear in mind that doing so brings additional security
+ risks - proceed with caution!</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="selfcert" id="selfcert">How do I create a self-signed SSL
+Certificate for testing purposes?</a></h3>
+ <ol>
+ <li>Make sure OpenSSL is installed and in your <code>PATH</code>.<br />
+ <br />
+ </li>
+ <li>Run the following command, to create <code>server.key</code> and
+ <code>server.crt</code> files:<br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -out server.crt
+ -keyout server.key</strong></code><br />
+ These can be used as follows in your <code>httpd.conf</code>
+ file:
+ <pre>
+ SSLCertificateFile /path/to/this/server.crt
+ SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/this/server.key
+ </pre>
+ </li>
+ <li>It is important that you are aware that this
+ <code>server.key</code> does <em>not</em> have any passphrase.
+ To add a passphrase to the key, you should run the following
+ command, and enter & verify the passphrase as requested.<br />
+ <p><code><strong>$ openssl rsa -des3 -in server.key -out
+ server.key.new</strong></code><br />
+ <code><strong>$ mv server.key.new server.key</strong></code><br /></p>
+ Please backup the <code>server.key</code> file, and the passphrase
+ you entered, in a secure location.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+
+<h3><a name="realcert" id="realcert">How do I create a real SSL Certificate?</a></h3>
+<p>Here is a step-by-step description:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>Make sure OpenSSL is installed and in your <code>PATH</code>.
+ <br />
+ <br />
+ </li>
+ <li>Create a RSA private key for your Apache server
+ (will be Triple-DES encrypted and PEM formatted):<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ Please backup this <code>server.key</code> file and the
+ pass-phrase you entered in a secure location.
+ You can see the details of this RSA private key by using the command:<br />
+
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -noout -text -in server.key</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ If necessary, you can also create a decrypted PEM version (not
+ recommended) of this RSA private key with:<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.unsecure</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+
+ </li>
+ <li>Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR) with the server RSA private
+ key (output will be PEM formatted):<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ Make sure you enter the FQDN ("Fully Qualified Domain Name") of the
+ server when OpenSSL prompts you for the "CommonName", i.e. when you
+ generate a CSR for a website which will be later accessed via
+ <code>https://www.foo.dom/</code>, enter "www.foo.dom" here.
+ You can see the details of this CSR by using<br />
+
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl req -noout -text -in server.csr</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ </li>
+ <li>You now have to send this Certificate Signing Request (CSR) to
+ a Certifying Authority (CA) to be signed. Once the CSR has been
+ signed, you will have a real Certificate, which can be used by
+ Apache. You can have a CSR signed by a commercial CA, or you can
+ create your own CA to sign it.<br />
+ Commercial CAs usually ask you to post the CSR into a web form,
+ pay for the signing, and then send a signed Certificate, which
+ you can store in a server.crt file. For more information about
+ commercial CAs see the following locations:<br />
+ <br />
+ <ol>
+ <li> Verisign<br />
+ <a href="http://digitalid.verisign.com/server/apacheNotice.htm">
+ http://digitalid.verisign.com/server/apacheNotice.htm
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ <li> Thawte<br />
+ <a href="http://www.thawte.com/">http://www.thawte.com/</a>
+ </li>
+ <li> CertiSign Certificadora Digital Ltda.<br />
+ <a href="http://www.certisign.com.br">
+ http://www.certisign.com.br
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ <li> IKS GmbH<br />
+ <a href="http://www.iks-jena.de/leistungen/ca/">
+ http://www.iks-jena.de/leistungen/ca/
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ <li> Uptime Commerce Ltd.<br />
+ <a href="http://www.uptimecommerce.com">
+ http://www.uptimecommerce.com
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ <li> BelSign NV/SA<br />
+ <a href="http://www.belsign.be">
+ http://www.belsign.be
+ </a>
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+ For details on how to create your own CA, and use this to sign
+ a CSR, see <a href="#ownca">below</a>.<br />
+
+ Once your CSR has been signed, you can see the details of the
+ Certificate as follows:<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in server.crt</strong></code><br />
+
+ </li>
+ <li>You should now have two files: <code>server.key</code> and
+ <code>server.crt</code>. These can be used as follows in your
+ <code>httpd.conf</code> file:
+ <pre>
+ SSLCertificateFile /path/to/this/server.crt
+ SSLCertificateKeyFile /path/to/this/server.key
+ </pre>
+ The <code>server.csr</code> file is no longer needed.
+ </li>
+
+ </ol>
+
+
+<h3><a name="ownca" id="ownca">How do I create and use my own Certificate Authority (CA)?</a></h3>
+ <p>The short answer is to use the <code>CA.sh</code> or <code>CA.pl</code>
+ script provided by OpenSSL. Unless you have a good reason not to,
+ you should use these for preference. If you cannot, you can create a
+ self-signed Certificate as follows:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>Create a RSA private key for your server
+ (will be Triple-DES encrypted and PEM formatted):<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ Please backup this <code>host.key</code> file and the
+ pass-phrase you entered in a secure location.
+ You can see the details of this RSA private key by using the
+ command:<br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -noout -text -in server.key</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ If necessary, you can also create a decrypted PEM version (not
+ recommended) of this RSA private key with:<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key.unsecure</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ </li>
+ <li>Create a self-signed Certificate (X509 structure)
+ with the RSA key you just created (output will be PEM formatted):<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -sha1 -days 365
+ -key server.key -out server.crt</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ This signs the server CSR and results in a <code>server.crt</code> file.<br />
+ You can see the details of this Certificate using:<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in server.crt</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+
+<h3><a name="passphrase" id="passphrase">How can I change the pass-phrase on my private key file?</a></h3>
+<p>You simply have to read it with the old pass-phrase and write it again,
+ specifying the new pass-phrase. You can accomplish this with the following
+ commands:</p>
+
+
+ <p><code><strong>$ openssl rsa -des3 -in server.key -out server.key.new</strong></code><br />
+ <code><strong>$ mv server.key.new server.key</strong></code><br /></p>
+
+ <p>The first time you're asked for a PEM pass-phrase, you should
+ enter the old pass-phrase. After that, you'll be asked again to
+ enter a pass-phrase - this time, use the new pass-phrase. If you
+ are asked to verify the pass-phrase, you'll need to enter the new
+ pass-phrase a second time.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="removepassphrase" id="removepassphrase">How can I get rid of the pass-phrase dialog at Apache startup time?</a></h3>
+<p>The reason this dialog pops up at startup and every re-start
+ is that the RSA private key inside your server.key file is stored in
+ encrypted format for security reasons. The pass-phrase is needed to decrypt
+ this file, so it can be read and parsed. Removing the pass-phrase
+ removes a layer of security from your server - proceed with caution!</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>Remove the encryption from the RSA private key (while
+ keeping a backup copy of the original file):<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ cp server.key server.key.org</strong></code><br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key</strong></code><br />
+
+ <br />
+ </li>
+ <li>Make sure the server.key file is only readable by root:<br />
+ <br />
+ <code><strong>$ chmod 400 server.key</strong></code><br />
+ <br />
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p>Now <code>server.key</code> contains an unencrypted copy of the key.
+ If you point your server at this file, it will not prompt you for a
+ pass-phrase. HOWEVER, if anyone gets this key they will be able to
+ impersonate you on the net. PLEASE make sure that the permissions on this
+ file are such that only root or the web server user can read it
+ (preferably get your web server to start as root but run as another
+ user, and have the key readable only by root).</p>
+
+ <p>As an alternative approach you can use the ``<code>SSLPassPhraseDialog
+ exec:/path/to/program</code>'' facility. Bear in mind that this is
+ neither more nor less secure, of course.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="verify" id="verify">How do I verify that a private key matches its Certificate?</a></h3>
+<p>A private key contains a series of numbers. Two of these numbers form
+ the "public key", the others are part of the "private key". The "public
+ key" bits are included when you generate a CSR, and subsequently form
+ part of the associated Certificate.</p>
+ <p>To check that the public key in your Certificate matches the public
+ portion of your private key, you simply need to compare these numbers.
+ To view the Certificate and the key run the commands:</p>
+
+ <p><code><strong>$ openssl x509 -noout -text -in server.crt</strong></code><br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -noout -text -in server.key</strong></code></p>
+
+ <p>The `modulus' and the `public exponent' portions in the key and the
+ Certificate must match. As the public exponent is usually 65537
+ and it's difficult to visually check that the long modulus numbers
+ are the same, you can use the following approach:</p>
+
+ <p><code><strong>$ openssl x509 -noout -modulus -in server.crt | openssl md5</strong></code><br />
+ <code><strong>$ openssl rsa -noout -modulus -in server.key | openssl md5</strong></code></p>
+
+ <p>This leaves you with two rather shorter numbers to compare. It is,
+ in theory, possible that these numbers may be the same, without the
+ modulus numbers being the same, but the chances of this are
+ overwhelmingly remote.</p>
+ <p>Should you wish to check to which key or certificate a particular
+ CSR belongs you can perform the same calculation on the CSR as
+ follows:</p>
+
+ <p><code><strong>$ openssl req -noout -modulus -in server.csr | openssl md5</strong></code></p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="badcert" id="badcert">Why do connections fail with an "alert
+bad certificate" error?</a></h3>
+<p>Errors such as <code>OpenSSL: error:14094412: SSL
+ routines:SSL3_READ_BYTES:sslv3 alert bad certificate</code> in the SSL
+ logfile, are usually caused by a browser which is unable to handle the server
+ certificate/private-key. For example, Netscape Navigator 3.x is
+ unable to handle RSA key lengths not equal to 1024 bits.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="keysize" id="keysize">Why does my 2048-bit private key not work?</a></h3>
+<p>The private key sizes for SSL must be either 512 or 1024 bits, for compatibility
+ with certain web browsers. A keysize of 1024 bits is recommended because
+ keys larger than 1024 bits are incompatible with some versions of Netscape
+ Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer, and with other browsers that
+ use RSA's BSAFE cryptography toolkit.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="hashsymlinks" id="hashsymlinks">Why is client authentication broken after upgrading from
+SSLeay version 0.8 to 0.9?</a></h3>
+<p>The CA certificates under the path you configured with
+ <code>SSLCACertificatePath</code> are found by SSLeay through hash
+ symlinks. These hash values are generated by the `<code>openssl x509 -noout
+ -hash</code>' command. However, the algorithm used to calculate the hash for a
+ certificate changed between SSLeay 0.8 and 0.9. You will need to remove
+ all old hash symlinks and create new ones after upgrading. Use the
+ <code>Makefile</code> provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="pemder" id="pemder">How can I convert a certificate from PEM to DER format?</a></h3>
+<p>The default certificate format for SSLeay/OpenSSL is PEM, which is simply
+ Base64 encoded DER, with header and footer lines. For some applications
+ (e.g. Microsoft Internet Explorer) you need the certificate in plain DER
+ format. You can convert a PEM file <code>cert.pem</code> into the
+ corresponding DER file <code>cert.der</code> using the following command:
+ <code><strong>$ openssl x509 -in cert.pem -out cert.der -outform DER</strong></code></p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="verisign" id="verisign">Why can't I find the
+<code>getca</code> or <code>getverisign</code> programs mentioned by
+Verisign, for installing my Verisign certificate?</a></h3>
+<p>Verisign has never provided specific instructions
+ for Apache+mod_ssl. The instructions provided are for C2Net's
+ Stronghold (a commercial Apache based server with SSL support).</p>
+ <p>To install your certificate, all you need to do is to save the
+ certificate to a file, and give the name of that file to the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcertificatefile">SSLCertificateFile</a></code> directive.
+ You will also need to give it the key file. For more information,
+ see the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcertificatekeyfile">SSLCertificateKeyFile</a></code>
+ directive.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="sgc" id="sgc">Can I use the Server Gated Cryptography (SGC)
+facility (aka Verisign Global ID) with mod_ssl?</a></h3>
+<p>Yes. <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> has included support for the SGC
+ facility since version 2.1. No special configuration is required -
+ just use the Global ID as your server certificate. The
+ <em>step up</em> of the clients is then automatically handled by
+ <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code> at run-time.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="gid" id="gid">Why do browsers complain that they cannot
+verify my Verisign Global ID server certificate?</a></h3>
+<p>Verisign uses an intermediate CA certificate between the root CA
+ certificate (which is installed in the browsers) and the server
+ certificate (which you installed on the server). You should have
+ received this additional CA certificate from Verisign.
+ If not, complain to them. Then, configure this certificate with the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslcertificatechainfile">SSLCertificateChainFile</a></code>
+ directive. This ensures that the intermediate CA certificate is
+ sent to the browser, filling the gap in the certificate chain.</p>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="aboutssl" id="aboutssl">The SSL Protocol</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#random">Why do I get lots of random SSL protocol
+errors under heavy server load?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#load">Why does my webserver have a higher load, now
+that it serves SSL encrypted traffic?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#establishing">Why do HTTPS connections to my server
+sometimes take up to 30 seconds to establish a connection?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#ciphers">What SSL Ciphers are supported by mod_ssl?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#adh">Why do I get ``no shared cipher'' errors, when
+trying to use Anonymous Diffie-Hellman (ADH) ciphers?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#sharedciphers">Why do I get a 'no shared ciphers'
+error when connecting to my newly installed server?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#vhosts">Why can't I use SSL with name-based/non-IP-based
+virtual hosts?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#vhosts2">Why is it not possible to use Name-Based Virtual
+Hosting to identify different SSL virtual hosts?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#comp">How do I get SSL compression working?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#lockicon">When I use Basic Authentication over HTTPS
+the lock icon in Netscape browsers stays unlocked when the dialog pops up.
+Does this mean the username/password is being sent unencrypted?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#msie">Why do I get I/O errors when connecting via
+HTTPS to an Apache+mod_ssl server with Microsoft Internet Explorer
+(MSIE)?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#nn">Why do I get I/O errors, or the message "Netscape has
+encountered bad data from the server", when connecting via
+HTTPS to an Apache+mod_ssl server with Netscape Navigator?</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3><a name="random" id="random">Why do I get lots of random SSL protocol
+errors under heavy server load?</a></h3>
+<p>There can be a number of reasons for this, but the main one
+ is problems with the SSL session Cache specified by the
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslsessioncache">SSLSessionCache</a></code> directive. The DBM session
+ cache is the most likely source of the problem, so using the SHM session cache (or
+ no cache at all) may help.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="load" id="load">Why does my webserver have a higher load, now
+that it serves SSL encrypted traffic?</a></h3>
+<p>SSL uses strong cryptographic encryption, which necessitates a lot of
+ number crunching. When you request a webpage via HTTPS, everything (even
+ the images) is encrypted before it is transferred. So increased HTTPS
+ traffic leads to load increases.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="establishing" id="establishing">Why do HTTPS connections to my server
+sometimes take up to 30 seconds to establish a connection?</a></h3>
+<p>This is usually caused by a <code>/dev/random</code> device for
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslrandomseed">SSLRandomSeed</a></code> which blocks the
+ read(2) call until enough entropy is available to service the
+ request. More information is available in the reference
+ manual for the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslrandomseed">SSLRandomSeed</a></code>
+ directive.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="ciphers" id="ciphers">What SSL Ciphers are supported by mod_ssl?</a></h3>
+<p>Usually, any SSL ciphers supported by the version of OpenSSL in use,
+ are also supported by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html">mod_ssl</a></code>. Which ciphers are
+ available can depend on the way you built OpenSSL. Typically, at
+ least the following ciphers are supported:</p>
+
+ <ol>
+ <li>RC4 with MD5</li>
+ <li>RC4 with MD5 (export version restricted to 40-bit key)</li>
+ <li>RC2 with MD5</li>
+ <li>RC2 with MD5 (export version restricted to 40-bit key)</li>
+ <li>IDEA with MD5</li>
+ <li>DES with MD5</li>
+ <li>Triple-DES with MD5</li>
+ </ol>
+
+ <p>To determine the actual list of ciphers available, you should run
+ the following:</p>
+ <div class="example"><p><code>$ openssl ciphers -v</code></p></div>
+
+
+<h3><a name="adh" id="adh">Why do I get ``no shared cipher'' errors, when
+trying to use Anonymous Diffie-Hellman (ADH) ciphers?</a></h3>
+<p>By default, OpenSSL does <em>not</em> allow ADH ciphers, for security
+ reasons. Please be sure you are aware of the potential side-effects
+ if you choose to enable these ciphers.</p>
+ <p>In order to use Anonymous Diffie-Hellman (ADH) ciphers, you must
+ build OpenSSL with ``<code>-DSSL_ALLOW_ADH</code>'', and then add
+ ``<code>ADH</code>'' into your <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslciphersuite">SSLCipherSuite</a></code>.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="sharedciphers" id="sharedciphers">Why do I get a 'no shared ciphers'
+error when connecting to my newly installed server?</a></h3>
+<p>Either you have made a mistake with your
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslciphersuite">SSLCipherSuite</a></code>
+ directive (compare it with the pre-configured example in
+ <code>httpd.conf-dist</code>) or you chose to use DSA/DH
+ algorithms instead of RSA when you generated your private key
+ and ignored or overlooked the warnings. If you have chosen
+ DSA/DH, then your server cannot communicate using RSA-based SSL
+ ciphers (at least until you configure an additional RSA-based
+ certificate/key pair). Modern browsers like NS or IE can only
+ communicate over SSL using RSA ciphers. The result is the
+ "no shared ciphers" error. To fix this, regenerate your server
+ certificate/key pair, using the RSA algorithm.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="vhosts" id="vhosts">Why can't I use SSL with name-based/non-IP-based virtual hosts?</a></h3>
+<p>The reason is very technical, and a somewhat "chicken and egg" problem.
+ The SSL protocol layer stays below the HTTP protocol layer and
+ encapsulates HTTP. When an SSL connection (HTTPS) is established
+ Apache/mod_ssl has to negotiate the SSL protocol parameters with the
+ client. For this, mod_ssl has to consult the configuration of the virtual
+ server (for instance it has to look for the cipher suite, the server
+ certificate, etc.). But in order to go to the correct virtual server
+ Apache has to know the <code>Host</code> HTTP header field. To do this, the
+ HTTP request header has to be read. This cannot be done before the SSL
+ handshake is finished, but the information is needed in order to
+ complete the SSL handshake phase. Bingo!</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="vhosts2" id="vhosts2">Why is it not possible to use Name-Based
+Virtual Hosting to identify different SSL virtual hosts?</a></h3>
+ <p>Name-Based Virtual Hosting is a very popular method of identifying
+ different virtual hosts. It allows you to use the same IP address and
+ the same port number for many different sites. When people move on to
+ SSL, it seems natural to assume that the same method can be used to have
+ lots of different SSL virtual hosts on the same server.</p>
+
+ <p>It comes as rather a shock to learn that it is impossible.</p>
+
+ <p>The reason is that the SSL protocol is a separate layer which
+ encapsulates the HTTP protocol. So the SSL session is a separate
+ transaction, that takes place before the HTTP session has begun.
+ The server receives an SSL request on IP address X and port Y
+ (usually 443). Since the SSL request does not contain any Host:
+ field, the server has no way to decide which SSL virtual host to use.
+ Usually, it will just use the first one it finds, which matches the
+ port and IP address specified.</p>
+
+ <p>You can, of course, use Name-Based Virtual Hosting to identify many
+ non-SSL virtual hosts (all on port 80, for example) and then
+ have a single SSL virtual host (on port 443). But if you do this,
+ you must make sure to put the non-SSL port number on the NameVirtualHost
+ directive, e.g.</p>
+
+ <div class="example"><p><code>
+ NameVirtualHost 192.168.1.1:80
+ </code></p></div>
+
+ <p>Other workaround solutions include: </p>
+
+ <p>Using separate IP addresses for different SSL hosts.
+ Using different port numbers for different SSL hosts.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="comp" id="comp">How do I get SSL compression working?</a></h3>
+<p>Although SSL compression negotiation was defined in the specification
+of SSLv2 and TLS, it took until May 2004 for RFC 3749 to define DEFLATE as
+a negotiable standard compression method.
+</p>
+<p>OpenSSL 0.9.8 started to support this by default when compiled with the
+<code>zlib</code> option. If both the client and the server support compression,
+it will be used. However, most clients still try to initially connect with an
+SSLv2 Hello. As SSLv2 did not include an array of prefered compression algorithms
+in its handshake, compression cannot be negotiated with these clients.
+If the client disables support for SSLv2, either an SSLv3 or TLS Hello
+may be sent, depending on which SSL library is used, and compression may
+be set up. You can verify whether clients make use of SSL compression by
+logging the <code>%{SSL_COMPRESS_METHOD}x</code> variable.
+</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="lockicon" id="lockicon">When I use Basic Authentication over HTTPS
+the lock icon in Netscape browsers stays unlocked when the dialog pops up.
+Does this mean the username/password is being sent unencrypted?</a></h3>
+<p>No, the username/password is transmitted encrypted. The icon in
+ Netscape browsers is not actually synchronized with the SSL/TLS layer.
+ It only toggles to the locked state when the first part of the actual
+ webpage data is transferred, which may confuse people. The Basic
+ Authentication facility is part of the HTTP layer, which is above
+ the SSL/TLS layer in HTTPS. Before any HTTP data communication takes
+ place in HTTPS, the SSL/TLS layer has already completed its handshake
+ phase, and switched to encrypted communication. So don't be
+ confused by this icon.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="msie" id="msie">Why do I get I/O errors when connecting via
+HTTPS to an Apache+mod_ssl server with Microsoft Internet Explorer (MSIE)?</a></h3>
+<p>The first reason is that the SSL implementation in some MSIE versions has
+ some subtle bugs related to the HTTP keep-alive facility and the SSL close
+ notify alerts on socket connection close. Additionally the interaction
+ between SSL and HTTP/1.1 features are problematic in some MSIE versions.
+ You can work around these problems by forcing Apache not to use HTTP/1.1,
+ keep-alive connections or send the SSL close notify messages to MSIE clients.
+ This can be done by using the following directive in your SSL-aware
+ virtual host section:</p>
+ <div class="example"><p><code>
+ SetEnvIf User-Agent ".*MSIE.*" \<br />
+ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \<br />
+ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
+ </code></p></div>
+ <p>Further, some MSIE versions have problems with particular ciphers.
+ Unfortunately, it is not possible to implement a MSIE-specific
+ workaround for this, because the ciphers are needed as early as the
+ SSL handshake phase. So a MSIE-specific
+ <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_setenvif.html#setenvif">SetEnvIf</a></code> won't solve these
+ problems. Instead, you will have to make more drastic
+ adjustments to the global parameters. Before you decide to do
+ this, make sure your clients really have problems. If not, do not
+ make these changes - they will affect <em>all</em> your clients, MSIE
+ or otherwise.</p>
+
+ <p>The next problem is that 56bit export versions of MSIE 5.x
+ browsers have a broken SSLv3 implementation, which interacts badly
+ with OpenSSL versions greater than 0.9.4. You can accept this and
+ require your clients to upgrade their browsers, you can downgrade to
+ OpenSSL 0.9.4 (not advised), or you can work around this, accepting
+ that your workaround will affect other browsers too:</p>
+ <div class="example"><p><code>SSLProtocol all -SSLv3</code></p></div>
+ <p>will completely disables the SSLv3 protocol and allow those
+ browsers to work. A better workaround is to disable only those
+ ciphers which cause trouble.</p>
+ <div class="example"><p><code>SSLCipherSuite
+ ALL:!ADH:<strong>!EXPORT56</strong>:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP</code>
+ </p></div>
+
+ <p>This also allows the broken MSIE versions to work, but only removes the
+ newer 56bit TLS ciphers.</p>
+
+ <p>Another problem with MSIE 5.x clients is that they refuse to connect to
+ URLs of the form <code>https://12.34.56.78/</code> (where IP-addresses are used
+ instead of the hostname), if the server is using the Server Gated
+ Cryptography (SGC) facility. This can only be avoided by using the fully
+ qualified domain name (FQDN) of the website in hyperlinks instead, because
+ MSIE 5.x has an error in the way it handles the SGC negotiation.</p>
+
+ <p>And finally there are versions of MSIE which seem to require that
+ an SSL session can be reused (a totally non standard-conforming
+ behaviour, of course). Connecting with those MSIE versions only work
+ if a SSL session cache is used. So, as a work-around, make sure you
+ are using a session cache (see the <code class="directive"><a href="../mod/mod_ssl.html#sslsessioncache">SSLSessionCache</a></code> directive).</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="nn" id="nn">Why do I get I/O errors, or the message "Netscape has
+encountered bad data from the server", when connecting via
+HTTPS to an Apache+mod_ssl server with Netscape Navigator?</a></h3>
+<p>
+ This usually occurs when you have created a new server certificate for
+ a given domain, but had previously told your browser to always accept
+ the old server certificate. Once you clear the entry for the old
+ certificate from your browser, everything should be fine. Netscape's SSL
+ implementation is correct, so when you encounter I/O errors with Netscape
+ Navigator it is usually caused by the configured certificates.</p>
+
+</div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
+<div class="section">
+<h2><a name="support" id="support">mod_ssl Support</a></h2>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="#resources">What information resources are available in
+case of mod_ssl problems?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#contact">What support contacts are available in case of
+mod_ssl problems?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#reportdetails">What information should I
+provide when writing a bug report?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#coredumphelp">I had a core dump, can you help me?</a></li>
+<li><a href="#backtrace">How do I get a backtrace, to help find the reason
+for my core dump?</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3><a name="resources" id="resources">What information resources are available in case of mod_ssl problems?</a></h3>
+<p>The following information resources are available.
+ In case of problems you should search here first.</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>Answers in the User Manual's F.A.Q. List (this)</dt>
+ <dd><a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/ssl/ssl_faq.html">
+ http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/ssl/ssl_faq.html</a><br />
+ First check the F.A.Q. (this text). If your problem is a common
+ one, it may have been answered several times before, and been included
+ in this doc.
+ </dd>
+ <dt>Postings from the modssl-users Support Mailing List
+ <a href="http://www.modssl.org/support/">http://www.modssl.org/support/</a></dt>
+ <dd>Search for your problem in the archives of the modssl-users mailing list.
+ You're probably not the first person to have had this problem!
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+
+
+<h3><a name="contact" id="contact">What support contacts are available in case
+of mod_ssl problems?</a></h3>
+ <p>The following lists all support possibilities for mod_ssl, in order of
+ preference. Please go through these possibilities
+ <em>in this order</em> - don't just pick the one you like the look of. </p>
+ <ol>
+ <li><em>Send a Problem Report to the modssl-users Support Mailing List</em><br />
+ <a href="mailto:modssl-users@modssl.org">
+ modssl-users@modssl.org</a><br />
+ This is the preferred way of submitting your problem report, because this way,
+ others can see the problem, and learn from any answers. You must subscribe to
+ the list first, but you can then easily discuss your problem with both the
+ author and the whole mod_ssl user community.
+ </li>
+
+ <li><em>Send a Problem Report to the Apache httpd Users Support Mailing List</em><br />
+ <a href="mailto:users@httpd.apache.org">
+ users@httpd.apache.org</a><br />
+ This is the second way of submitting your problem report. Again, you must
+ subscribe to the list first, but you can then easily discuss your problem
+ with the whole Apache httpd user community.
+ </li>
+
+ <li><em>Write a Problem Report in the Bug Database</em><br />
+ <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/bug_report.html">
+ http://httpd.apache.org/bug_report.html</a><br />
+ This is the last way of submitting your problem report. You should only
+ do this if you've already posted to the mailing lists, and had no success.
+ Please follow the instructions on the above page <em>carefully</em>.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+
+<h3><a name="reportdetails" id="reportdetails">What information should I
+provide when writing a bug report?</a></h3>
+<p>You should always provide at least the following information:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>Apache and OpenSSL version information</dt>
+ <dd>The Apache version can be determined
+ by running <code>httpd -v</code>. The OpenSSL version can be
+ determined by running <code>openssl version</code>. Alternatively, if
+ you have Lynx installed, you can run the command <code>lynx -mime_header
+ http://localhost/ | grep Server</code> to gather this information in a
+ single step.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>The details on how you built and installed Apache+mod_ssl+OpenSSL</dt>
+ <dd>For this you can provide a logfile of your terminal session which shows
+ the configuration and install steps. If this is not possible, you
+ should at least provide the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> command line you used.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>In case of core dumps please include a Backtrace</dt>
+ <dd>If your Apache+mod_ssl+OpenSSL dumps its core, please attach
+ a stack-frame ``backtrace'' (see <a href="#backtrace">below</a>
+ for information on how to get this). This information is required
+ in order to find a reason for your core dump.
+ </dd>
+
+ <dt>A detailed description of your problem</dt>
+ <dd>Don't laugh, we really mean it! Many problem reports don't
+ include a description of what the actual problem is. Without this,
+ it's very difficult for anyone to help you. So, it's in your own
+ interest (you want the problem be solved, don't you?) to include as
+ much detail as possible, please. Of course, you should still include
+ all the essentials above too.
+ </dd>
+ </dl>
+
+
+<h3><a name="coredumphelp" id="coredumphelp">I had a core dump, can you help me?</a></h3>
+<p>In general no, at least not unless you provide more details about the code
+ location where Apache dumped core. What is usually always required in
+ order to help you is a backtrace (see next question). Without this
+ information it is mostly impossible to find the problem and help you in
+ fixing it.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name="backtrace" id="backtrace">How do I get a backtrace, to help find
+the reason for my core dump?</a></h3>
+<p>Following are the steps you will need to complete, to get a backtrace:</p>
+ <ol>
+ <li>Make sure you have debugging symbols available, at least
+ in Apache. On platforms where you use GCC/GDB, you will have to build
+ Apache+mod_ssl with ``<code>OPTIM="-g -ggdb3"</code>'' to get this. On
+ other platforms at least ``<code>OPTIM="-g"</code>'' is needed.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>Start the server and try to reproduce the core-dump. For this you may
+ want to use a directive like ``<code>CoreDumpDirectory /tmp</code>'' to
+ make sure that the core-dump file can be written. This should result
+ in a <code>/tmp/core</code> or <code>/tmp/httpd.core</code> file. If you
+ don't get one of these, try running your server under a non-root UID.
+ Many modern kernels do not allow a process to dump core after it has
+ done a <code>setuid()</code> (unless it does an <code>exec()</code>) for
+ security reasons (there can be privileged information left over in
+ memory). If necessary, you can run <code>/path/to/httpd -X</code>
+ manually to force Apache to not fork.
+ </li>
+
+ <li>Analyze the core-dump. For this, run <code>gdb /path/to/httpd
+ /tmp/httpd.core</code> or a similar command. In GDB, all you
+ have to do then is to enter <code>bt</code>, and voila, you get the
+ backtrace. For other debuggers consult your local debugger manual.
+ </li>
+ </ol>
+
+</div></div>
+<div class="bottomlang">
+<p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/ssl/ssl_faq.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
+</div><div id="footer">
+<p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
+<p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>
+</body></html>
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