Add the rt linux 4.1.3-rt3 as base
[kvmfornfv.git] / kernel / sound / core / pcm_native.c
diff --git a/kernel/sound/core/pcm_native.c b/kernel/sound/core/pcm_native.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5dce6d8
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,3697 @@
+/*
+ *  Digital Audio (PCM) abstract layer
+ *  Copyright (c) by Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
+ *
+ *
+ *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ *   (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ *   GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ *   Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307 USA
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/time.h>
+#include <linux/pm_qos.h>
+#include <linux/io.h>
+#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
+#include <sound/core.h>
+#include <sound/control.h>
+#include <sound/info.h>
+#include <sound/pcm.h>
+#include <sound/pcm_params.h>
+#include <sound/timer.h>
+#include <sound/minors.h>
+#include <linux/uio.h>
+
+/*
+ *  Compatibility
+ */
+
+struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old {
+       unsigned int flags;
+       unsigned int masks[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SUBFORMAT -
+                          SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_ACCESS + 1];
+       struct snd_interval intervals[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_TICK_TIME -
+                                       SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS + 1];
+       unsigned int rmask;
+       unsigned int cmask;
+       unsigned int info;
+       unsigned int msbits;
+       unsigned int rate_num;
+       unsigned int rate_den;
+       snd_pcm_uframes_t fifo_size;
+       unsigned char reserved[64];
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_SUPPORT_OLD_API
+#define SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_REFINE_OLD _IOWR('A', 0x10, struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old)
+#define SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_PARAMS_OLD _IOWR('A', 0x11, struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old)
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_refine_old_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                     struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old __user * _oparams);
+static int snd_pcm_hw_params_old_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                     struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old __user * _oparams);
+#endif
+static int snd_pcm_open(struct file *file, struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream);
+
+/*
+ *
+ */
+
+static DEFINE_RWLOCK(snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
+static DECLARE_RWSEM(snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_lock - Lock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ *
+ * This locks the PCM stream's spinlock or mutex depending on the nonatomic
+ * flag of the given substream.  This also takes the global link rw lock
+ * (or rw sem), too, for avoiding the race with linked streams.
+ */
+void snd_pcm_stream_lock(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       if (substream->pcm->nonatomic) {
+               down_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+               mutex_lock(&substream->self_group.mutex);
+       } else {
+               read_lock(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
+               spin_lock(&substream->self_group.lock);
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stream_lock);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_lock - Unlock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ *
+ * This unlocks the PCM stream that has been locked via snd_pcm_stream_lock().
+ */
+void snd_pcm_stream_unlock(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       if (substream->pcm->nonatomic) {
+               mutex_unlock(&substream->self_group.mutex);
+               up_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+       } else {
+               spin_unlock(&substream->self_group.lock);
+               read_unlock(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stream_unlock);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq - Lock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ *
+ * This locks the PCM stream like snd_pcm_stream_lock() and disables the local
+ * IRQ (only when nonatomic is false).  In nonatomic case, this is identical
+ * as snd_pcm_stream_lock().
+ */
+void snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       if (!substream->pcm->nonatomic)
+               local_irq_disable_nort();
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock(substream);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq - Unlock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ *
+ * This is a counter-part of snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq().
+ */
+void snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock(substream);
+       if (!substream->pcm->nonatomic)
+               local_irq_enable_nort();
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq);
+
+unsigned long _snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       unsigned long flags = 0;
+       if (!substream->pcm->nonatomic)
+               local_irq_save_nort(flags);
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock(substream);
+       return flags;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(_snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore - Unlock the PCM stream
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ * @flags: irq flags
+ *
+ * This is a counter-part of snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave().
+ */
+void snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                     unsigned long flags)
+{
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock(substream);
+       if (!substream->pcm->nonatomic)
+               local_irq_restore_nort(flags);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore);
+
+static inline mm_segment_t snd_enter_user(void)
+{
+       mm_segment_t fs = get_fs();
+       set_fs(get_ds());
+       return fs;
+}
+
+static inline void snd_leave_user(mm_segment_t fs)
+{
+       set_fs(fs);
+}
+
+
+
+int snd_pcm_info(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, struct snd_pcm_info *info)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       struct snd_pcm *pcm = substream->pcm;
+       struct snd_pcm_str *pstr = substream->pstr;
+
+       memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
+       info->card = pcm->card->number;
+       info->device = pcm->device;
+       info->stream = substream->stream;
+       info->subdevice = substream->number;
+       strlcpy(info->id, pcm->id, sizeof(info->id));
+       strlcpy(info->name, pcm->name, sizeof(info->name));
+       info->dev_class = pcm->dev_class;
+       info->dev_subclass = pcm->dev_subclass;
+       info->subdevices_count = pstr->substream_count;
+       info->subdevices_avail = pstr->substream_count - pstr->substream_opened;
+       strlcpy(info->subname, substream->name, sizeof(info->subname));
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       /* AB: FIXME!!! This is definitely nonsense */
+       if (runtime) {
+               info->sync = runtime->sync;
+               substream->ops->ioctl(substream, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL1_INFO, info);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_pcm_info_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                     struct snd_pcm_info __user * _info)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_info *info;
+       int err;
+
+       info = kmalloc(sizeof(*info), GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (! info)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       err = snd_pcm_info(substream, info);
+       if (err >= 0) {
+               if (copy_to_user(_info, info, sizeof(*info)))
+                       err = -EFAULT;
+       }
+       kfree(info);
+       return err;
+}
+
+static bool hw_support_mmap(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       if (!(substream->runtime->hw.info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP))
+               return false;
+       /* check architectures that return -EINVAL from dma_mmap_coherent() */
+       /* FIXME: this should be some global flag */
+#if defined(CONFIG_C6X) || defined(CONFIG_FRV) || defined(CONFIG_MN10300) ||\
+       defined(CONFIG_PARISC) || defined(CONFIG_XTENSA)
+       if (!substream->ops->mmap &&
+           substream->dma_buffer.dev.type == SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV)
+               return false;
+#endif
+       return true;
+}
+
+#undef RULES_DEBUG
+
+#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
+#define HW_PARAM(v) [SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_##v] = #v
+static const char * const snd_pcm_hw_param_names[] = {
+       HW_PARAM(ACCESS),
+       HW_PARAM(FORMAT),
+       HW_PARAM(SUBFORMAT),
+       HW_PARAM(SAMPLE_BITS),
+       HW_PARAM(FRAME_BITS),
+       HW_PARAM(CHANNELS),
+       HW_PARAM(RATE),
+       HW_PARAM(PERIOD_TIME),
+       HW_PARAM(PERIOD_SIZE),
+       HW_PARAM(PERIOD_BYTES),
+       HW_PARAM(PERIODS),
+       HW_PARAM(BUFFER_TIME),
+       HW_PARAM(BUFFER_SIZE),
+       HW_PARAM(BUFFER_BYTES),
+       HW_PARAM(TICK_TIME),
+};
+#endif
+
+int snd_pcm_hw_refine(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, 
+                     struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
+{
+       unsigned int k;
+       struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw;
+       struct snd_interval *i = NULL;
+       struct snd_mask *m = NULL;
+       struct snd_pcm_hw_constraints *constrs = &substream->runtime->hw_constraints;
+       unsigned int rstamps[constrs->rules_num];
+       unsigned int vstamps[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL + 1];
+       unsigned int stamp = 2;
+       int changed, again;
+
+       params->info = 0;
+       params->fifo_size = 0;
+       if (params->rmask & (1 << SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS))
+               params->msbits = 0;
+       if (params->rmask & (1 << SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE)) {
+               params->rate_num = 0;
+               params->rate_den = 0;
+       }
+
+       for (k = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_MASK; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_MASK; k++) {
+               m = hw_param_mask(params, k);
+               if (snd_mask_empty(m))
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               if (!(params->rmask & (1 << k)))
+                       continue;
+#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
+               pr_debug("%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[k]);
+               pr_cont("%04x%04x%04x%04x -> ", m->bits[3], m->bits[2], m->bits[1], m->bits[0]);
+#endif
+               changed = snd_mask_refine(m, constrs_mask(constrs, k));
+#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
+               pr_cont("%04x%04x%04x%04x\n", m->bits[3], m->bits[2], m->bits[1], m->bits[0]);
+#endif
+               if (changed)
+                       params->cmask |= 1 << k;
+               if (changed < 0)
+                       return changed;
+       }
+
+       for (k = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_INTERVAL; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL; k++) {
+               i = hw_param_interval(params, k);
+               if (snd_interval_empty(i))
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               if (!(params->rmask & (1 << k)))
+                       continue;
+#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
+               pr_debug("%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[k]);
+               if (i->empty)
+                       pr_cont("empty");
+               else
+                       pr_cont("%c%u %u%c",
+                              i->openmin ? '(' : '[', i->min,
+                              i->max, i->openmax ? ')' : ']');
+               pr_cont(" -> ");
+#endif
+               changed = snd_interval_refine(i, constrs_interval(constrs, k));
+#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
+               if (i->empty)
+                       pr_cont("empty\n");
+               else 
+                       pr_cont("%c%u %u%c\n",
+                              i->openmin ? '(' : '[', i->min,
+                              i->max, i->openmax ? ')' : ']');
+#endif
+               if (changed)
+                       params->cmask |= 1 << k;
+               if (changed < 0)
+                       return changed;
+       }
+
+       for (k = 0; k < constrs->rules_num; k++)
+               rstamps[k] = 0;
+       for (k = 0; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL; k++) 
+               vstamps[k] = (params->rmask & (1 << k)) ? 1 : 0;
+       do {
+               again = 0;
+               for (k = 0; k < constrs->rules_num; k++) {
+                       struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *r = &constrs->rules[k];
+                       unsigned int d;
+                       int doit = 0;
+                       if (r->cond && !(r->cond & params->flags))
+                               continue;
+                       for (d = 0; r->deps[d] >= 0; d++) {
+                               if (vstamps[r->deps[d]] > rstamps[k]) {
+                                       doit = 1;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (!doit)
+                               continue;
+#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
+                       pr_debug("Rule %d [%p]: ", k, r->func);
+                       if (r->var >= 0) {
+                               pr_cont("%s = ", snd_pcm_hw_param_names[r->var]);
+                               if (hw_is_mask(r->var)) {
+                                       m = hw_param_mask(params, r->var);
+                                       pr_cont("%x", *m->bits);
+                               } else {
+                                       i = hw_param_interval(params, r->var);
+                                       if (i->empty)
+                                               pr_cont("empty");
+                                       else
+                                               pr_cont("%c%u %u%c",
+                                                      i->openmin ? '(' : '[', i->min,
+                                                      i->max, i->openmax ? ')' : ']');
+                               }
+                       }
+#endif
+                       changed = r->func(params, r);
+#ifdef RULES_DEBUG
+                       if (r->var >= 0) {
+                               pr_cont(" -> ");
+                               if (hw_is_mask(r->var))
+                                       pr_cont("%x", *m->bits);
+                               else {
+                                       if (i->empty)
+                                               pr_cont("empty");
+                                       else
+                                               pr_cont("%c%u %u%c",
+                                                      i->openmin ? '(' : '[', i->min,
+                                                      i->max, i->openmax ? ')' : ']');
+                               }
+                       }
+                       pr_cont("\n");
+#endif
+                       rstamps[k] = stamp;
+                       if (changed && r->var >= 0) {
+                               params->cmask |= (1 << r->var);
+                               vstamps[r->var] = stamp;
+                               again = 1;
+                       }
+                       if (changed < 0)
+                               return changed;
+                       stamp++;
+               }
+       } while (again);
+       if (!params->msbits) {
+               i = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS);
+               if (snd_interval_single(i))
+                       params->msbits = snd_interval_value(i);
+       }
+
+       if (!params->rate_den) {
+               i = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
+               if (snd_interval_single(i)) {
+                       params->rate_num = snd_interval_value(i);
+                       params->rate_den = 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       hw = &substream->runtime->hw;
+       if (!params->info) {
+               params->info = hw->info & ~(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_FIFO_IN_FRAMES |
+                                           SNDRV_PCM_INFO_DRAIN_TRIGGER);
+               if (!hw_support_mmap(substream))
+                       params->info &= ~(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
+                                         SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID);
+       }
+       if (!params->fifo_size) {
+               m = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
+               i = hw_param_interval(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
+               if (snd_mask_min(m) == snd_mask_max(m) &&
+                    snd_interval_min(i) == snd_interval_max(i)) {
+                       changed = substream->ops->ioctl(substream,
+                                       SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL1_FIFO_SIZE, params);
+                       if (changed < 0)
+                               return changed;
+               }
+       }
+       params->rmask = 0;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_hw_refine);
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_refine_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                 struct snd_pcm_hw_params __user * _params)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params;
+       int err;
+
+       params = memdup_user(_params, sizeof(*params));
+       if (IS_ERR(params))
+               return PTR_ERR(params);
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_refine(substream, params);
+       if (copy_to_user(_params, params, sizeof(*params))) {
+               if (!err)
+                       err = -EFAULT;
+       }
+
+       kfree(params);
+       return err;
+}
+
+static int period_to_usecs(struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime)
+{
+       int usecs;
+
+       if (! runtime->rate)
+               return -1; /* invalid */
+
+       /* take 75% of period time as the deadline */
+       usecs = (750000 / runtime->rate) * runtime->period_size;
+       usecs += ((750000 % runtime->rate) * runtime->period_size) /
+               runtime->rate;
+
+       return usecs;
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_set_state(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       if (substream->runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED)
+               substream->runtime->status->state = state;
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                            struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       int err, usecs;
+       unsigned int bits;
+       snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
+
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+               break;
+       default:
+               snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+               return -EBADFD;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS)
+       if (!substream->oss.oss)
+#endif
+               if (atomic_read(&substream->mmap_count))
+                       return -EBADFD;
+
+       params->rmask = ~0U;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_refine(substream, params);
+       if (err < 0)
+               goto _error;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_params_choose(substream, params);
+       if (err < 0)
+               goto _error;
+
+       if (substream->ops->hw_params != NULL) {
+               err = substream->ops->hw_params(substream, params);
+               if (err < 0)
+                       goto _error;
+       }
+
+       runtime->access = params_access(params);
+       runtime->format = params_format(params);
+       runtime->subformat = params_subformat(params);
+       runtime->channels = params_channels(params);
+       runtime->rate = params_rate(params);
+       runtime->period_size = params_period_size(params);
+       runtime->periods = params_periods(params);
+       runtime->buffer_size = params_buffer_size(params);
+       runtime->info = params->info;
+       runtime->rate_num = params->rate_num;
+       runtime->rate_den = params->rate_den;
+       runtime->no_period_wakeup =
+                       (params->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NO_PERIOD_WAKEUP) &&
+                       (params->flags & SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAMS_NO_PERIOD_WAKEUP);
+
+       bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(runtime->format);
+       runtime->sample_bits = bits;
+       bits *= runtime->channels;
+       runtime->frame_bits = bits;
+       frames = 1;
+       while (bits % 8 != 0) {
+               bits *= 2;
+               frames *= 2;
+       }
+       runtime->byte_align = bits / 8;
+       runtime->min_align = frames;
+
+       /* Default sw params */
+       runtime->tstamp_mode = SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_NONE;
+       runtime->period_step = 1;
+       runtime->control->avail_min = runtime->period_size;
+       runtime->start_threshold = 1;
+       runtime->stop_threshold = runtime->buffer_size;
+       runtime->silence_threshold = 0;
+       runtime->silence_size = 0;
+       runtime->boundary = runtime->buffer_size;
+       while (runtime->boundary * 2 <= LONG_MAX - runtime->buffer_size)
+               runtime->boundary *= 2;
+
+       snd_pcm_timer_resolution_change(substream);
+       snd_pcm_set_state(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP);
+
+       if (pm_qos_request_active(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req))
+               pm_qos_remove_request(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req);
+       if ((usecs = period_to_usecs(runtime)) >= 0)
+               pm_qos_add_request(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req,
+                                  PM_QOS_CPU_DMA_LATENCY, usecs);
+       return 0;
+ _error:
+       /* hardware might be unusable from this time,
+          so we force application to retry to set
+          the correct hardware parameter settings */
+       snd_pcm_set_state(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN);
+       if (substream->ops->hw_free != NULL)
+               substream->ops->hw_free(substream);
+       return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_params_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                 struct snd_pcm_hw_params __user * _params)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params;
+       int err;
+
+       params = memdup_user(_params, sizeof(*params));
+       if (IS_ERR(params))
+               return PTR_ERR(params);
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_params(substream, params);
+       if (copy_to_user(_params, params, sizeof(*params))) {
+               if (!err)
+                       err = -EFAULT;
+       }
+
+       kfree(params);
+       return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       int result = 0;
+
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+               break;
+       default:
+               snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+               return -EBADFD;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       if (atomic_read(&substream->mmap_count))
+               return -EBADFD;
+       if (substream->ops->hw_free)
+               result = substream->ops->hw_free(substream);
+       snd_pcm_set_state(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN);
+       pm_qos_remove_request(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req);
+       return result;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_sw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                            struct snd_pcm_sw_params *params)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       int err;
+
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+               snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+               return -EBADFD;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+
+       if (params->tstamp_mode > SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_LAST)
+               return -EINVAL;
+       if (params->proto >= SNDRV_PROTOCOL_VERSION(2, 0, 12) &&
+           params->tstamp_type > SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_LAST)
+               return -EINVAL;
+       if (params->avail_min == 0)
+               return -EINVAL;
+       if (params->silence_size >= runtime->boundary) {
+               if (params->silence_threshold != 0)
+                       return -EINVAL;
+       } else {
+               if (params->silence_size > params->silence_threshold)
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               if (params->silence_threshold > runtime->buffer_size)
+                       return -EINVAL;
+       }
+       err = 0;
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       runtime->tstamp_mode = params->tstamp_mode;
+       if (params->proto >= SNDRV_PROTOCOL_VERSION(2, 0, 12))
+               runtime->tstamp_type = params->tstamp_type;
+       runtime->period_step = params->period_step;
+       runtime->control->avail_min = params->avail_min;
+       runtime->start_threshold = params->start_threshold;
+       runtime->stop_threshold = params->stop_threshold;
+       runtime->silence_threshold = params->silence_threshold;
+       runtime->silence_size = params->silence_size;
+        params->boundary = runtime->boundary;
+       if (snd_pcm_running(substream)) {
+               if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
+                   runtime->silence_size > 0)
+                       snd_pcm_playback_silence(substream, ULONG_MAX);
+               err = snd_pcm_update_state(substream, runtime);
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_sw_params_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                 struct snd_pcm_sw_params __user * _params)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_sw_params params;
+       int err;
+       if (copy_from_user(&params, _params, sizeof(params)))
+               return -EFAULT;
+       err = snd_pcm_sw_params(substream, &params);
+       if (copy_to_user(_params, &params, sizeof(params)))
+               return -EFAULT;
+       return err;
+}
+
+int snd_pcm_status(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                  struct snd_pcm_status *status)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+
+       snd_pcm_unpack_audio_tstamp_config(status->audio_tstamp_data,
+                                       &runtime->audio_tstamp_config);
+
+       /* backwards compatible behavior */
+       if (runtime->audio_tstamp_config.type_requested ==
+               SNDRV_PCM_AUDIO_TSTAMP_TYPE_COMPAT) {
+               if (runtime->hw.info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_HAS_WALL_CLOCK)
+                       runtime->audio_tstamp_config.type_requested =
+                               SNDRV_PCM_AUDIO_TSTAMP_TYPE_LINK;
+               else
+                       runtime->audio_tstamp_config.type_requested =
+                               SNDRV_PCM_AUDIO_TSTAMP_TYPE_DEFAULT;
+               runtime->audio_tstamp_report.valid = 0;
+       } else
+               runtime->audio_tstamp_report.valid = 1;
+
+       status->state = runtime->status->state;
+       status->suspended_state = runtime->status->suspended_state;
+       if (status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+               goto _end;
+       status->trigger_tstamp = runtime->trigger_tstamp;
+       if (snd_pcm_running(substream)) {
+               snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream);
+               if (runtime->tstamp_mode == SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE) {
+                       status->tstamp = runtime->status->tstamp;
+                       status->driver_tstamp = runtime->driver_tstamp;
+                       status->audio_tstamp =
+                               runtime->status->audio_tstamp;
+                       if (runtime->audio_tstamp_report.valid == 1)
+                               /* backwards compatibility, no report provided in COMPAT mode */
+                               snd_pcm_pack_audio_tstamp_report(&status->audio_tstamp_data,
+                                                               &status->audio_tstamp_accuracy,
+                                                               &runtime->audio_tstamp_report);
+
+                       goto _tstamp_end;
+               }
+       } else {
+               /* get tstamp only in fallback mode and only if enabled */
+               if (runtime->tstamp_mode == SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE)
+                       snd_pcm_gettime(runtime, &status->tstamp);
+       }
+ _tstamp_end:
+       status->appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr;
+       status->hw_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
+       if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
+               status->avail = snd_pcm_playback_avail(runtime);
+               if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING ||
+                   runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING) {
+                       status->delay = runtime->buffer_size - status->avail;
+                       status->delay += runtime->delay;
+               } else
+                       status->delay = 0;
+       } else {
+               status->avail = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
+               if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
+                       status->delay = status->avail + runtime->delay;
+               else
+                       status->delay = 0;
+       }
+       status->avail_max = runtime->avail_max;
+       status->overrange = runtime->overrange;
+       runtime->avail_max = 0;
+       runtime->overrange = 0;
+ _end:
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_status_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                              struct snd_pcm_status __user * _status,
+                              bool ext)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_status status;
+       int res;
+
+       memset(&status, 0, sizeof(status));
+       /*
+        * with extension, parameters are read/write,
+        * get audio_tstamp_data from user,
+        * ignore rest of status structure
+        */
+       if (ext && get_user(status.audio_tstamp_data,
+                               (u32 __user *)(&_status->audio_tstamp_data)))
+               return -EFAULT;
+       res = snd_pcm_status(substream, &status);
+       if (res < 0)
+               return res;
+       if (copy_to_user(_status, &status, sizeof(status)))
+               return -EFAULT;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_channel_info(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                               struct snd_pcm_channel_info * info)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       unsigned int channel;
+       
+       channel = info->channel;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN) {
+               snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+               return -EBADFD;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       if (channel >= runtime->channels)
+               return -EINVAL;
+       memset(info, 0, sizeof(*info));
+       info->channel = channel;
+       return substream->ops->ioctl(substream, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL1_CHANNEL_INFO, info);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_channel_info_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                    struct snd_pcm_channel_info __user * _info)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_channel_info info;
+       int res;
+       
+       if (copy_from_user(&info, _info, sizeof(info)))
+               return -EFAULT;
+       res = snd_pcm_channel_info(substream, &info);
+       if (res < 0)
+               return res;
+       if (copy_to_user(_info, &info, sizeof(info)))
+               return -EFAULT;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->trigger_master == NULL)
+               return;
+       if (runtime->trigger_master == substream) {
+               if (!runtime->trigger_tstamp_latched)
+                       snd_pcm_gettime(runtime, &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
+       } else {
+               snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(runtime->trigger_master);
+               runtime->trigger_tstamp = runtime->trigger_master->runtime->trigger_tstamp;
+       }
+       runtime->trigger_master = NULL;
+}
+
+struct action_ops {
+       int (*pre_action)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state);
+       int (*do_action)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state);
+       void (*undo_action)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state);
+       void (*post_action)(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state);
+};
+
+/*
+ *  this functions is core for handling of linked stream
+ *  Note: the stream state might be changed also on failure
+ *  Note2: call with calling stream lock + link lock
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_action_group(struct action_ops *ops,
+                               struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                               int state, int do_lock)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *s = NULL;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *s1;
+       int res = 0, depth = 1;
+
+       snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
+               if (do_lock && s != substream) {
+                       if (s->pcm->nonatomic)
+                               mutex_lock_nested(&s->self_group.mutex, depth);
+                       else
+                               spin_lock_nested(&s->self_group.lock, depth);
+                       depth++;
+               }
+               res = ops->pre_action(s, state);
+               if (res < 0)
+                       goto _unlock;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
+               res = ops->do_action(s, state);
+               if (res < 0) {
+                       if (ops->undo_action) {
+                               snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s1, substream) {
+                                       if (s1 == s) /* failed stream */
+                                               break;
+                                       ops->undo_action(s1, state);
+                               }
+                       }
+                       s = NULL; /* unlock all */
+                       goto _unlock;
+               }
+       }
+       snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
+               ops->post_action(s, state);
+       }
+ _unlock:
+       if (do_lock) {
+               /* unlock streams */
+               snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s1, substream) {
+                       if (s1 != substream) {
+                               if (s1->pcm->nonatomic)
+                                       mutex_unlock(&s1->self_group.mutex);
+                               else
+                                       spin_unlock(&s1->self_group.lock);
+                       }
+                       if (s1 == s)    /* end */
+                               break;
+               }
+       }
+       return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Note: call with stream lock
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_action_single(struct action_ops *ops,
+                                struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                int state)
+{
+       int res;
+       
+       res = ops->pre_action(substream, state);
+       if (res < 0)
+               return res;
+       res = ops->do_action(substream, state);
+       if (res == 0)
+               ops->post_action(substream, state);
+       else if (ops->undo_action)
+               ops->undo_action(substream, state);
+       return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Note: call with stream lock
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_action(struct action_ops *ops,
+                         struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                         int state)
+{
+       int res;
+
+       if (!snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream))
+               return snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
+
+       if (substream->pcm->nonatomic) {
+               if (!mutex_trylock(&substream->group->mutex)) {
+                       mutex_unlock(&substream->self_group.mutex);
+                       mutex_lock(&substream->group->mutex);
+                       mutex_lock(&substream->self_group.mutex);
+               }
+               res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 1);
+               mutex_unlock(&substream->group->mutex);
+       } else {
+               if (!spin_trylock(&substream->group->lock)) {
+                       spin_unlock(&substream->self_group.lock);
+                       spin_lock(&substream->group->lock);
+                       spin_lock(&substream->self_group.lock);
+               }
+               res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 1);
+               spin_unlock(&substream->group->lock);
+       }
+       return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Note: don't use any locks before
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_action_lock_irq(struct action_ops *ops,
+                                  struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                  int state)
+{
+       int res;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       res = snd_pcm_action(ops, substream, state);
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_action_nonatomic(struct action_ops *ops,
+                                   struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                   int state)
+{
+       int res;
+
+       down_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+       if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream))
+               res = snd_pcm_action_group(ops, substream, state, 0);
+       else
+               res = snd_pcm_action_single(ops, substream, state);
+       up_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+       return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * start callbacks
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_pre_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
+           !snd_pcm_playback_data(substream))
+               return -EPIPE;
+       runtime->trigger_tstamp_latched = false;
+       runtime->trigger_master = substream;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_do_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       if (substream->runtime->trigger_master != substream)
+               return 0;
+       return substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START);
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_undo_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       if (substream->runtime->trigger_master == substream)
+               substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP);
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_post_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
+       runtime->hw_ptr_jiffies = jiffies;
+       runtime->hw_ptr_buffer_jiffies = (runtime->buffer_size * HZ) / 
+                                                           runtime->rate;
+       runtime->status->state = state;
+       if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
+           runtime->silence_size > 0)
+               snd_pcm_playback_silence(substream, ULONG_MAX);
+       if (substream->timer)
+               snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MSTART,
+                                &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
+}
+
+static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_start = {
+       .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_start,
+       .do_action = snd_pcm_do_start,
+       .undo_action = snd_pcm_undo_start,
+       .post_action = snd_pcm_post_start
+};
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_start - start all linked streams
+ * @substream: the PCM substream instance
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_start(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       return snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_start, substream,
+                             SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING);
+}
+
+/*
+ * stop callbacks
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_pre_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       runtime->trigger_master = substream;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_do_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       if (substream->runtime->trigger_master == substream &&
+           snd_pcm_running(substream))
+               substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP);
+       return 0; /* unconditonally stop all substreams */
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_post_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state != state) {
+               snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
+               runtime->status->state = state;
+               if (substream->timer)
+                       snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MSTOP,
+                                        &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
+       }
+       wake_up(&runtime->sleep);
+       wake_up(&runtime->tsleep);
+}
+
+static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_stop = {
+       .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_stop,
+       .do_action = snd_pcm_do_stop,
+       .post_action = snd_pcm_post_stop
+};
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stop - try to stop all running streams in the substream group
+ * @substream: the PCM substream instance
+ * @state: PCM state after stopping the stream
+ *
+ * The state of each stream is then changed to the given state unconditionally.
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_stop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, snd_pcm_state_t state)
+{
+       return snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_stop, substream, state);
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_stop);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_drain_done - stop the DMA only when the given stream is playback
+ * @substream: the PCM substream
+ *
+ * After stopping, the state is changed to SETUP.
+ * Unlike snd_pcm_stop(), this affects only the given stream.
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if succesful, or a negative error code.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_drain_done(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       return snd_pcm_action_single(&snd_pcm_action_stop, substream,
+                                    SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP);
+}
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_stop_xrun - stop the running streams as XRUN
+ * @substream: the PCM substream instance
+ *
+ * This stops the given running substream (and all linked substreams) as XRUN.
+ * Unlike snd_pcm_stop(), this function takes the substream lock by itself.
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_stop_xrun(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       unsigned long flags;
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(substream, flags);
+       if (snd_pcm_running(substream))
+               ret = snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(substream, flags);
+       return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_stop_xrun);
+
+/*
+ * pause callbacks
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_pre_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (!(runtime->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE))
+               return -ENOSYS;
+       if (push) {
+               if (runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING)
+                       return -EBADFD;
+       } else if (runtime->status->state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       runtime->trigger_master = substream;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_do_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
+{
+       if (substream->runtime->trigger_master != substream)
+               return 0;
+       /* some drivers might use hw_ptr to recover from the pause -
+          update the hw_ptr now */
+       if (push)
+               snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream);
+       /* The jiffies check in snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr*() is done by
+        * a delta between the current jiffies, this gives a large enough
+        * delta, effectively to skip the check once.
+        */
+       substream->runtime->hw_ptr_jiffies = jiffies - HZ * 1000;
+       return substream->ops->trigger(substream,
+                                      push ? SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH :
+                                             SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE);
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_undo_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
+{
+       if (substream->runtime->trigger_master == substream)
+               substream->ops->trigger(substream,
+                                       push ? SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE :
+                                       SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH);
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_post_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
+       if (push) {
+               runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED;
+               if (substream->timer)
+                       snd_timer_notify(substream->timer,
+                                        SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MPAUSE,
+                                        &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
+               wake_up(&runtime->sleep);
+               wake_up(&runtime->tsleep);
+       } else {
+               runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING;
+               if (substream->timer)
+                       snd_timer_notify(substream->timer,
+                                        SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MCONTINUE,
+                                        &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
+       }
+}
+
+static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_pause = {
+       .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_pause,
+       .do_action = snd_pcm_do_pause,
+       .undo_action = snd_pcm_undo_pause,
+       .post_action = snd_pcm_post_pause
+};
+
+/*
+ * Push/release the pause for all linked streams.
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_pause(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int push)
+{
+       return snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_pause, substream, push);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM
+/* suspend */
+
+static int snd_pcm_pre_suspend(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED)
+               return -EBUSY;
+       runtime->trigger_master = substream;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_do_suspend(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->trigger_master != substream)
+               return 0;
+       if (! snd_pcm_running(substream))
+               return 0;
+       substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND);
+       return 0; /* suspend unconditionally */
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_post_suspend(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
+       runtime->status->suspended_state = runtime->status->state;
+       runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED;
+       if (substream->timer)
+               snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MSUSPEND,
+                                &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
+       wake_up(&runtime->sleep);
+       wake_up(&runtime->tsleep);
+}
+
+static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_suspend = {
+       .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_suspend,
+       .do_action = snd_pcm_do_suspend,
+       .post_action = snd_pcm_post_suspend
+};
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_suspend - trigger SUSPEND to all linked streams
+ * @substream: the PCM substream
+ *
+ * After this call, all streams are changed to SUSPENDED state.
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if successful (or @substream is %NULL), or a negative error
+ * code.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_suspend(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       int err;
+       unsigned long flags;
+
+       if (! substream)
+               return 0;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irqsave(substream, flags);
+       err = snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_suspend, substream, 0);
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irqrestore(substream, flags);
+       return err;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_suspend);
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_suspend_all - trigger SUSPEND to all substreams in the given pcm
+ * @pcm: the PCM instance
+ *
+ * After this call, all streams are changed to SUSPENDED state.
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if successful (or @pcm is %NULL), or a negative error code.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_suspend_all(struct snd_pcm *pcm)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       int stream, err = 0;
+
+       if (! pcm)
+               return 0;
+
+       for (stream = 0; stream < 2; stream++) {
+               for (substream = pcm->streams[stream].substream;
+                    substream; substream = substream->next) {
+                       /* FIXME: the open/close code should lock this as well */
+                       if (substream->runtime == NULL)
+                               continue;
+                       err = snd_pcm_suspend(substream);
+                       if (err < 0 && err != -EBUSY)
+                               return err;
+               }
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_suspend_all);
+
+/* resume */
+
+static int snd_pcm_pre_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (!(runtime->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME))
+               return -ENOSYS;
+       runtime->trigger_master = substream;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_do_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->trigger_master != substream)
+               return 0;
+       /* DMA not running previously? */
+       if (runtime->status->suspended_state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING &&
+           (runtime->status->suspended_state != SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING ||
+            substream->stream != SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK))
+               return 0;
+       return substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME);
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_undo_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       if (substream->runtime->trigger_master == substream &&
+           snd_pcm_running(substream))
+               substream->ops->trigger(substream, SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND);
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_post_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_trigger_tstamp(substream);
+       runtime->status->state = runtime->status->suspended_state;
+       if (substream->timer)
+               snd_timer_notify(substream->timer, SNDRV_TIMER_EVENT_MRESUME,
+                                &runtime->trigger_tstamp);
+}
+
+static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_resume = {
+       .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_resume,
+       .do_action = snd_pcm_do_resume,
+       .undo_action = snd_pcm_undo_resume,
+       .post_action = snd_pcm_post_resume
+};
+
+static int snd_pcm_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       struct snd_card *card = substream->pcm->card;
+       int res;
+
+       snd_power_lock(card);
+       if ((res = snd_power_wait(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0)) >= 0)
+               res = snd_pcm_action_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_action_resume, substream, 0);
+       snd_power_unlock(card);
+       return res;
+}
+
+#else
+
+static int snd_pcm_resume(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       return -ENOSYS;
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_PM */
+
+/*
+ * xrun ioctl
+ *
+ * Change the RUNNING stream(s) to XRUN state.
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_xrun(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       struct snd_card *card = substream->pcm->card;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       int result;
+
+       snd_power_lock(card);
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
+               result = snd_power_wait(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
+               if (result < 0)
+                       goto _unlock;
+       }
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
+               result = 0;     /* already there */
+               break;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+               result = snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN);
+               break;
+       default:
+               result = -EBADFD;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+ _unlock:
+       snd_power_unlock(card);
+       return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * reset ioctl
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_pre_reset(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
+               return 0;
+       default:
+               return -EBADFD;
+       }
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_do_reset(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       int err = substream->ops->ioctl(substream, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL1_RESET, NULL);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       runtime->hw_ptr_base = 0;
+       runtime->hw_ptr_interrupt = runtime->status->hw_ptr -
+               runtime->status->hw_ptr % runtime->period_size;
+       runtime->silence_start = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
+       runtime->silence_filled = 0;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_post_reset(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       runtime->control->appl_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
+       if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK &&
+           runtime->silence_size > 0)
+               snd_pcm_playback_silence(substream, ULONG_MAX);
+}
+
+static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_reset = {
+       .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_reset,
+       .do_action = snd_pcm_do_reset,
+       .post_action = snd_pcm_post_reset
+};
+
+static int snd_pcm_reset(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       return snd_pcm_action_nonatomic(&snd_pcm_action_reset, substream, 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * prepare ioctl
+ */
+/* we use the second argument for updating f_flags */
+static int snd_pcm_pre_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                              int f_flags)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN ||
+           runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       if (snd_pcm_running(substream))
+               return -EBUSY;
+       substream->f_flags = f_flags;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_do_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       int err;
+       err = substream->ops->prepare(substream);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       return snd_pcm_do_reset(substream, 0);
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_post_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       runtime->control->appl_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr;
+       snd_pcm_set_state(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED);
+}
+
+static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_prepare = {
+       .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_prepare,
+       .do_action = snd_pcm_do_prepare,
+       .post_action = snd_pcm_post_prepare
+};
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_prepare - prepare the PCM substream to be triggerable
+ * @substream: the PCM substream instance
+ * @file: file to refer f_flags
+ *
+ * Return: Zero if successful, or a negative error code.
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                          struct file *file)
+{
+       int res;
+       struct snd_card *card = substream->pcm->card;
+       int f_flags;
+
+       if (file)
+               f_flags = file->f_flags;
+       else
+               f_flags = substream->f_flags;
+
+       snd_power_lock(card);
+       if ((res = snd_power_wait(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0)) >= 0)
+               res = snd_pcm_action_nonatomic(&snd_pcm_action_prepare,
+                                              substream, f_flags);
+       snd_power_unlock(card);
+       return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * drain ioctl
+ */
+
+static int snd_pcm_pre_drain_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
+               return -EBADFD;
+       }
+       runtime->trigger_master = substream;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_do_drain_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
+               switch (runtime->status->state) {
+               case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+                       /* start playback stream if possible */
+                       if (! snd_pcm_playback_empty(substream)) {
+                               snd_pcm_do_start(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING);
+                               snd_pcm_post_start(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING);
+                       } else {
+                               runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+                       runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING;
+                       break;
+               case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
+                       runtime->status->state = SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       break;
+               }
+       } else {
+               /* stop running stream */
+               if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING) {
+                       int new_state = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime) > 0 ?
+                               SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING : SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP;
+                       snd_pcm_do_stop(substream, new_state);
+                       snd_pcm_post_stop(substream, new_state);
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING &&
+           runtime->trigger_master == substream &&
+           (runtime->hw.info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_DRAIN_TRIGGER))
+               return substream->ops->trigger(substream,
+                                              SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_DRAIN);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_post_drain_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int state)
+{
+}
+
+static struct action_ops snd_pcm_action_drain_init = {
+       .pre_action = snd_pcm_pre_drain_init,
+       .do_action = snd_pcm_do_drain_init,
+       .post_action = snd_pcm_post_drain_init
+};
+
+static int snd_pcm_drop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream);
+
+/*
+ * Drain the stream(s).
+ * When the substream is linked, sync until the draining of all playback streams
+ * is finished.
+ * After this call, all streams are supposed to be either SETUP or DRAINING
+ * (capture only) state.
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_drain(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                        struct file *file)
+{
+       struct snd_card *card;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *s;
+       wait_queue_t wait;
+       int result = 0;
+       int nonblock = 0;
+
+       card = substream->pcm->card;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+               return -EBADFD;
+
+       snd_power_lock(card);
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED) {
+               result = snd_power_wait(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
+               if (result < 0) {
+                       snd_power_unlock(card);
+                       return result;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (file) {
+               if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
+                       nonblock = 1;
+       } else if (substream->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK)
+               nonblock = 1;
+
+       down_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       /* resume pause */
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED)
+               snd_pcm_pause(substream, 0);
+
+       /* pre-start/stop - all running streams are changed to DRAINING state */
+       result = snd_pcm_action(&snd_pcm_action_drain_init, substream, 0);
+       if (result < 0)
+               goto unlock;
+       /* in non-blocking, we don't wait in ioctl but let caller poll */
+       if (nonblock) {
+               result = -EAGAIN;
+               goto unlock;
+       }
+
+       for (;;) {
+               long tout;
+               struct snd_pcm_runtime *to_check;
+               if (signal_pending(current)) {
+                       result = -ERESTARTSYS;
+                       break;
+               }
+               /* find a substream to drain */
+               to_check = NULL;
+               snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
+                       if (s->stream != SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
+                               continue;
+                       runtime = s->runtime;
+                       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING) {
+                               to_check = runtime;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (!to_check)
+                       break; /* all drained */
+               init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
+               add_wait_queue(&to_check->sleep, &wait);
+               snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+               up_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+               snd_power_unlock(card);
+               if (runtime->no_period_wakeup)
+                       tout = MAX_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT;
+               else {
+                       tout = 10;
+                       if (runtime->rate) {
+                               long t = runtime->period_size * 2 / runtime->rate;
+                               tout = max(t, tout);
+                       }
+                       tout = msecs_to_jiffies(tout * 1000);
+               }
+               tout = schedule_timeout_interruptible(tout);
+               snd_power_lock(card);
+               down_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+               snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+               remove_wait_queue(&to_check->sleep, &wait);
+               if (card->shutdown) {
+                       result = -ENODEV;
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (tout == 0) {
+                       if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED)
+                               result = -ESTRPIPE;
+                       else {
+                               dev_dbg(substream->pcm->card->dev,
+                                       "playback drain error (DMA or IRQ trouble?)\n");
+                               snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP);
+                               result = -EIO;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+
+ unlock:
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       up_read(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+       snd_power_unlock(card);
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * drop ioctl
+ *
+ * Immediately put all linked substreams into SETUP state.
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_drop(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       int result = 0;
+       
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN ||
+           runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED ||
+           runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED)
+               return -EBADFD;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       /* resume pause */
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED)
+               snd_pcm_pause(substream, 0);
+
+       snd_pcm_stop(substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP);
+       /* runtime->control->appl_ptr = runtime->status->hw_ptr; */
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+
+static bool is_pcm_file(struct file *file)
+{
+       struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+       unsigned int minor;
+
+       if (!S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) || imajor(inode) != snd_major)
+               return false;
+       minor = iminor(inode);
+       return snd_lookup_minor_data(minor, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK) ||
+               snd_lookup_minor_data(minor, SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * PCM link handling
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_link(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int fd)
+{
+       int res = 0;
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream1;
+       struct snd_pcm_group *group;
+       struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+
+       if (!f.file)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       if (!is_pcm_file(f.file)) {
+               res = -EBADFD;
+               goto _badf;
+       }
+       pcm_file = f.file->private_data;
+       substream1 = pcm_file->substream;
+       group = kmalloc(sizeof(*group), GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (!group) {
+               res = -ENOMEM;
+               goto _nolock;
+       }
+       down_write(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+       write_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
+       if (substream->runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN ||
+           substream->runtime->status->state != substream1->runtime->status->state ||
+           substream->pcm->nonatomic != substream1->pcm->nonatomic) {
+               res = -EBADFD;
+               goto _end;
+       }
+       if (snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream1)) {
+               res = -EALREADY;
+               goto _end;
+       }
+       if (!snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
+               substream->group = group;
+               group = NULL;
+               spin_lock_init(&substream->group->lock);
+               mutex_init(&substream->group->mutex);
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&substream->group->substreams);
+               list_add_tail(&substream->link_list, &substream->group->substreams);
+               substream->group->count = 1;
+       }
+       list_add_tail(&substream1->link_list, &substream->group->substreams);
+       substream->group->count++;
+       substream1->group = substream->group;
+ _end:
+       write_unlock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
+       up_write(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+ _nolock:
+       snd_card_unref(substream1->pcm->card);
+       kfree(group);
+ _badf:
+       fdput(f);
+       return res;
+}
+
+static void relink_to_local(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       substream->group = &substream->self_group;
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&substream->self_group.substreams);
+       list_add_tail(&substream->link_list, &substream->self_group.substreams);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_unlink(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *s;
+       int res = 0;
+
+       down_write(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+       write_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
+       if (!snd_pcm_stream_linked(substream)) {
+               res = -EALREADY;
+               goto _end;
+       }
+       list_del(&substream->link_list);
+       substream->group->count--;
+       if (substream->group->count == 1) {     /* detach the last stream, too */
+               snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
+                       relink_to_local(s);
+                       break;
+               }
+               kfree(substream->group);
+       }
+       relink_to_local(substream);
+       _end:
+       write_unlock_irq(&snd_pcm_link_rwlock);
+       up_write(&snd_pcm_link_rwsem);
+       return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hw configurator
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_mul(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+                              struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+       struct snd_interval t;
+       snd_interval_mul(hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[0]),
+                    hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[1]), &t);
+       return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_div(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+                              struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+       struct snd_interval t;
+       snd_interval_div(hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[0]),
+                    hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[1]), &t);
+       return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+                                  struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+       struct snd_interval t;
+       snd_interval_muldivk(hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[0]),
+                        hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[1]),
+                        (unsigned long) rule->private, &t);
+       return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+                                  struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+       struct snd_interval t;
+       snd_interval_mulkdiv(hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[0]),
+                        (unsigned long) rule->private,
+                        hw_param_interval_c(params, rule->deps[1]), &t);
+       return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_format(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+                                 struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+       unsigned int k;
+       struct snd_interval *i = hw_param_interval(params, rule->deps[0]);
+       struct snd_mask m;
+       struct snd_mask *mask = hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT);
+       snd_mask_any(&m);
+       for (k = 0; k <= SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; ++k) {
+               int bits;
+               if (! snd_mask_test(mask, k))
+                       continue;
+               bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(k);
+               if (bits <= 0)
+                       continue; /* ignore invalid formats */
+               if ((unsigned)bits < i->min || (unsigned)bits > i->max)
+                       snd_mask_reset(&m, k);
+       }
+       return snd_mask_refine(mask, &m);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_sample_bits(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+                                      struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+       struct snd_interval t;
+       unsigned int k;
+       t.min = UINT_MAX;
+       t.max = 0;
+       t.openmin = 0;
+       t.openmax = 0;
+       for (k = 0; k <= SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_LAST; ++k) {
+               int bits;
+               if (! snd_mask_test(hw_param_mask(params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT), k))
+                       continue;
+               bits = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(k);
+               if (bits <= 0)
+                       continue; /* ignore invalid formats */
+               if (t.min > (unsigned)bits)
+                       t.min = bits;
+               if (t.max < (unsigned)bits)
+                       t.max = bits;
+       }
+       t.integer = 1;
+       return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
+}
+
+#if SNDRV_PCM_RATE_5512 != 1 << 0 || SNDRV_PCM_RATE_192000 != 1 << 12
+#error "Change this table"
+#endif
+
+static unsigned int rates[] = { 5512, 8000, 11025, 16000, 22050, 32000, 44100,
+                                 48000, 64000, 88200, 96000, 176400, 192000 };
+
+const struct snd_pcm_hw_constraint_list snd_pcm_known_rates = {
+       .count = ARRAY_SIZE(rates),
+       .list = rates,
+};
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_rate(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+                               struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw = rule->private;
+       return snd_interval_list(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var),
+                                snd_pcm_known_rates.count,
+                                snd_pcm_known_rates.list, hw->rates);
+}              
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_rule_buffer_bytes_max(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+                                           struct snd_pcm_hw_rule *rule)
+{
+       struct snd_interval t;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = rule->private;
+       t.min = 0;
+       t.max = substream->buffer_bytes_max;
+       t.openmin = 0;
+       t.openmax = 0;
+       t.integer = 1;
+       return snd_interval_refine(hw_param_interval(params, rule->var), &t);
+}              
+
+int snd_pcm_hw_constraints_init(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       struct snd_pcm_hw_constraints *constrs = &runtime->hw_constraints;
+       int k, err;
+
+       for (k = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_MASK; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_MASK; k++) {
+               snd_mask_any(constrs_mask(constrs, k));
+       }
+
+       for (k = SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_INTERVAL; k <= SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL; k++) {
+               snd_interval_any(constrs_interval(constrs, k));
+       }
+
+       snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS));
+       snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE));
+       snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES));
+       snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS));
+       snd_interval_setinteger(constrs_interval(constrs, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS));
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT,
+                                  snd_pcm_hw_rule_format, NULL,
+                                  SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_sample_bits, NULL,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT, 
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_div, NULL,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mul, NULL,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 8,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 8,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_div, NULL,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 1000000,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 1000000,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_TIME, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_div, NULL,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_div, NULL,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 8,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk, (void*) 1000000,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mul, NULL,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 8,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk, (void*) 1000000,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_TIME, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk, (void*) 8,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_muldivk, (void*) 8,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 1000000,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_TIME, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_mulkdiv, (void*) 1000000,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+int snd_pcm_hw_constraints_complete(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       struct snd_pcm_hardware *hw = &runtime->hw;
+       int err;
+       unsigned int mask = 0;
+
+        if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED)
+               mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED;
+        if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED)
+               mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED;
+       if (hw_support_mmap(substream)) {
+               if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED)
+                       mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED;
+               if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED)
+                       mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED;
+               if (hw->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_COMPLEX)
+                       mask |= 1 << SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX;
+       }
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_mask(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_ACCESS, mask);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_mask64(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT, hw->formats);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_mask(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SUBFORMAT, 1 << SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_STD);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS,
+                                          hw->channels_min, hw->channels_max);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE,
+                                          hw->rate_min, hw->rate_max);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES,
+                                          hw->period_bytes_min, hw->period_bytes_max);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS,
+                                          hw->periods_min, hw->periods_max);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES,
+                                          hw->period_bytes_min, hw->buffer_bytes_max);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 
+                                 snd_pcm_hw_rule_buffer_bytes_max, substream,
+                                 SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, -1);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       /* FIXME: remove */
+       if (runtime->dma_bytes) {
+               err = snd_pcm_hw_constraint_minmax(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES, 0, runtime->dma_bytes);
+               if (err < 0)
+                       return err;
+       }
+
+       if (!(hw->rates & (SNDRV_PCM_RATE_KNOT | SNDRV_PCM_RATE_CONTINUOUS))) {
+               err = snd_pcm_hw_rule_add(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, 
+                                         snd_pcm_hw_rule_rate, hw,
+                                         SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, -1);
+               if (err < 0)
+                       return err;
+       }
+
+       /* FIXME: this belong to lowlevel */
+       snd_pcm_hw_constraint_integer(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static void pcm_release_private(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       snd_pcm_unlink(substream);
+}
+
+void snd_pcm_release_substream(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       substream->ref_count--;
+       if (substream->ref_count > 0)
+               return;
+
+       snd_pcm_drop(substream);
+       if (substream->hw_opened) {
+               if (substream->ops->hw_free != NULL)
+                       substream->ops->hw_free(substream);
+               substream->ops->close(substream);
+               substream->hw_opened = 0;
+       }
+       if (pm_qos_request_active(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req))
+               pm_qos_remove_request(&substream->latency_pm_qos_req);
+       if (substream->pcm_release) {
+               substream->pcm_release(substream);
+               substream->pcm_release = NULL;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_detach_substream(substream);
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_release_substream);
+
+int snd_pcm_open_substream(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream,
+                          struct file *file,
+                          struct snd_pcm_substream **rsubstream)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       int err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_attach_substream(pcm, stream, file, &substream);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       if (substream->ref_count > 1) {
+               *rsubstream = substream;
+               return 0;
+       }
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraints_init(substream);
+       if (err < 0) {
+               pcm_dbg(pcm, "snd_pcm_hw_constraints_init failed\n");
+               goto error;
+       }
+
+       if ((err = substream->ops->open(substream)) < 0)
+               goto error;
+
+       substream->hw_opened = 1;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_constraints_complete(substream);
+       if (err < 0) {
+               pcm_dbg(pcm, "snd_pcm_hw_constraints_complete failed\n");
+               goto error;
+       }
+
+       *rsubstream = substream;
+       return 0;
+
+ error:
+       snd_pcm_release_substream(substream);
+       return err;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_open_substream);
+
+static int snd_pcm_open_file(struct file *file,
+                            struct snd_pcm *pcm,
+                            int stream)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       int err;
+
+       err = snd_pcm_open_substream(pcm, stream, file, &substream);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+
+       pcm_file = kzalloc(sizeof(*pcm_file), GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (pcm_file == NULL) {
+               snd_pcm_release_substream(substream);
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       }
+       pcm_file->substream = substream;
+       if (substream->ref_count == 1) {
+               substream->file = pcm_file;
+               substream->pcm_release = pcm_release_private;
+       }
+       file->private_data = pcm_file;
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_playback_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+       int err = nonseekable_open(inode, file);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       pcm = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+                                   SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK);
+       err = snd_pcm_open(file, pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK);
+       if (pcm)
+               snd_card_unref(pcm->card);
+       return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_capture_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+       int err = nonseekable_open(inode, file);
+       if (err < 0)
+               return err;
+       pcm = snd_lookup_minor_data(iminor(inode),
+                                   SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE);
+       err = snd_pcm_open(file, pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE);
+       if (pcm)
+               snd_card_unref(pcm->card);
+       return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_open(struct file *file, struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream)
+{
+       int err;
+       wait_queue_t wait;
+
+       if (pcm == NULL) {
+               err = -ENODEV;
+               goto __error1;
+       }
+       err = snd_card_file_add(pcm->card, file);
+       if (err < 0)
+               goto __error1;
+       if (!try_module_get(pcm->card->module)) {
+               err = -EFAULT;
+               goto __error2;
+       }
+       init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
+       add_wait_queue(&pcm->open_wait, &wait);
+       mutex_lock(&pcm->open_mutex);
+       while (1) {
+               err = snd_pcm_open_file(file, pcm, stream);
+               if (err >= 0)
+                       break;
+               if (err == -EAGAIN) {
+                       if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) {
+                               err = -EBUSY;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else
+                       break;
+               set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
+               mutex_unlock(&pcm->open_mutex);
+               schedule();
+               mutex_lock(&pcm->open_mutex);
+               if (pcm->card->shutdown) {
+                       err = -ENODEV;
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (signal_pending(current)) {
+                       err = -ERESTARTSYS;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       remove_wait_queue(&pcm->open_wait, &wait);
+       mutex_unlock(&pcm->open_mutex);
+       if (err < 0)
+               goto __error;
+       return err;
+
+      __error:
+       module_put(pcm->card->module);
+      __error2:
+       snd_card_file_remove(pcm->card, file);
+      __error1:
+       return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm *pcm;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+
+       pcm_file = file->private_data;
+       substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       if (snd_BUG_ON(!substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       pcm = substream->pcm;
+       mutex_lock(&pcm->open_mutex);
+       snd_pcm_release_substream(substream);
+       kfree(pcm_file);
+       mutex_unlock(&pcm->open_mutex);
+       wake_up(&pcm->open_wait);
+       module_put(pcm->card->module);
+       snd_card_file_remove(pcm->card, file);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_playback_rewind(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                                snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t appl_ptr;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t ret;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t hw_avail;
+
+       if (frames == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+               break;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+               if (snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream) >= 0)
+                       break;
+               /* Fall through */
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
+               ret = -EPIPE;
+               goto __end;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
+               ret = -ESTRPIPE;
+               goto __end;
+       default:
+               ret = -EBADFD;
+               goto __end;
+       }
+
+       hw_avail = snd_pcm_playback_hw_avail(runtime);
+       if (hw_avail <= 0) {
+               ret = 0;
+               goto __end;
+       }
+       if (frames > (snd_pcm_uframes_t)hw_avail)
+               frames = hw_avail;
+       appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr - frames;
+       if (appl_ptr < 0)
+               appl_ptr += runtime->boundary;
+       runtime->control->appl_ptr = appl_ptr;
+       ret = frames;
+ __end:
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_capture_rewind(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                               snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t appl_ptr;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t ret;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t hw_avail;
+
+       if (frames == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
+               break;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+               if (snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream) >= 0)
+                       break;
+               /* Fall through */
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
+               ret = -EPIPE;
+               goto __end;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
+               ret = -ESTRPIPE;
+               goto __end;
+       default:
+               ret = -EBADFD;
+               goto __end;
+       }
+
+       hw_avail = snd_pcm_capture_hw_avail(runtime);
+       if (hw_avail <= 0) {
+               ret = 0;
+               goto __end;
+       }
+       if (frames > (snd_pcm_uframes_t)hw_avail)
+               frames = hw_avail;
+       appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr - frames;
+       if (appl_ptr < 0)
+               appl_ptr += runtime->boundary;
+       runtime->control->appl_ptr = appl_ptr;
+       ret = frames;
+ __end:
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_playback_forward(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                                 snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t appl_ptr;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t ret;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t avail;
+
+       if (frames == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
+               break;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+               if (snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream) >= 0)
+                       break;
+               /* Fall through */
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
+               ret = -EPIPE;
+               goto __end;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
+               ret = -ESTRPIPE;
+               goto __end;
+       default:
+               ret = -EBADFD;
+               goto __end;
+       }
+
+       avail = snd_pcm_playback_avail(runtime);
+       if (avail <= 0) {
+               ret = 0;
+               goto __end;
+       }
+       if (frames > (snd_pcm_uframes_t)avail)
+               frames = avail;
+       appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr + frames;
+       if (appl_ptr >= (snd_pcm_sframes_t)runtime->boundary)
+               appl_ptr -= runtime->boundary;
+       runtime->control->appl_ptr = appl_ptr;
+       ret = frames;
+ __end:
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static snd_pcm_sframes_t snd_pcm_capture_forward(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                                snd_pcm_uframes_t frames)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t appl_ptr;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t ret;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t avail;
+
+       if (frames == 0)
+               return 0;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
+               break;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+               if (snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream) >= 0)
+                       break;
+               /* Fall through */
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
+               ret = -EPIPE;
+               goto __end;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
+               ret = -ESTRPIPE;
+               goto __end;
+       default:
+               ret = -EBADFD;
+               goto __end;
+       }
+
+       avail = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
+       if (avail <= 0) {
+               ret = 0;
+               goto __end;
+       }
+       if (frames > (snd_pcm_uframes_t)avail)
+               frames = avail;
+       appl_ptr = runtime->control->appl_ptr + frames;
+       if (appl_ptr >= (snd_pcm_sframes_t)runtime->boundary)
+               appl_ptr -= runtime->boundary;
+       runtime->control->appl_ptr = appl_ptr;
+       ret = frames;
+ __end:
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return ret;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hwsync(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       int err;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
+               if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE)
+                       goto __badfd;
+               /* Fall through */
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+               if ((err = snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream)) < 0)
+                       break;
+               /* Fall through */
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
+               err = 0;
+               break;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
+               err = -EPIPE;
+               break;
+       default:
+             __badfd:
+               err = -EBADFD;
+               break;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return err;
+}
+               
+static int snd_pcm_delay(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                        snd_pcm_sframes_t __user *res)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       int err;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t n = 0;
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
+               if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE)
+                       goto __badfd;
+               /* Fall through */
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+               if ((err = snd_pcm_update_hw_ptr(substream)) < 0)
+                       break;
+               /* Fall through */
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED:
+               err = 0;
+               if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
+                       n = snd_pcm_playback_hw_avail(runtime);
+               else
+                       n = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
+               n += runtime->delay;
+               break;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN:
+               err = -EPIPE;
+               break;
+       default:
+             __badfd:
+               err = -EBADFD;
+               break;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       if (!err)
+               if (put_user(n, res))
+                       err = -EFAULT;
+       return err;
+}
+               
+static int snd_pcm_sync_ptr(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                           struct snd_pcm_sync_ptr __user *_sync_ptr)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       struct snd_pcm_sync_ptr sync_ptr;
+       volatile struct snd_pcm_mmap_status *status;
+       volatile struct snd_pcm_mmap_control *control;
+       int err;
+
+       memset(&sync_ptr, 0, sizeof(sync_ptr));
+       if (get_user(sync_ptr.flags, (unsigned __user *)&(_sync_ptr->flags)))
+               return -EFAULT;
+       if (copy_from_user(&sync_ptr.c.control, &(_sync_ptr->c.control), sizeof(struct snd_pcm_mmap_control)))
+               return -EFAULT; 
+       status = runtime->status;
+       control = runtime->control;
+       if (sync_ptr.flags & SNDRV_PCM_SYNC_PTR_HWSYNC) {
+               err = snd_pcm_hwsync(substream);
+               if (err < 0)
+                       return err;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       if (!(sync_ptr.flags & SNDRV_PCM_SYNC_PTR_APPL))
+               control->appl_ptr = sync_ptr.c.control.appl_ptr;
+       else
+               sync_ptr.c.control.appl_ptr = control->appl_ptr;
+       if (!(sync_ptr.flags & SNDRV_PCM_SYNC_PTR_AVAIL_MIN))
+               control->avail_min = sync_ptr.c.control.avail_min;
+       else
+               sync_ptr.c.control.avail_min = control->avail_min;
+       sync_ptr.s.status.state = status->state;
+       sync_ptr.s.status.hw_ptr = status->hw_ptr;
+       sync_ptr.s.status.tstamp = status->tstamp;
+       sync_ptr.s.status.suspended_state = status->suspended_state;
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       if (copy_to_user(_sync_ptr, &sync_ptr, sizeof(sync_ptr)))
+               return -EFAULT;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_tstamp(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int __user *_arg)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       int arg;
+       
+       if (get_user(arg, _arg))
+               return -EFAULT;
+       if (arg < 0 || arg > SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_LAST)
+               return -EINVAL;
+       runtime->tstamp_type = arg;
+       return 0;
+}
+               
+static int snd_pcm_common_ioctl1(struct file *file,
+                                struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                unsigned int cmd, void __user *arg)
+{
+       switch (cmd) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_PVERSION:
+               return put_user(SNDRV_PCM_VERSION, (int __user *)arg) ? -EFAULT : 0;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_INFO:
+               return snd_pcm_info_user(substream, arg);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_TSTAMP:    /* just for compatibility */
+               return 0;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_TTSTAMP:
+               return snd_pcm_tstamp(substream, arg);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_REFINE:
+               return snd_pcm_hw_refine_user(substream, arg);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_PARAMS:
+               return snd_pcm_hw_params_user(substream, arg);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_FREE:
+               return snd_pcm_hw_free(substream);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_SW_PARAMS:
+               return snd_pcm_sw_params_user(substream, arg);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_STATUS:
+               return snd_pcm_status_user(substream, arg, false);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_STATUS_EXT:
+               return snd_pcm_status_user(substream, arg, true);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_CHANNEL_INFO:
+               return snd_pcm_channel_info_user(substream, arg);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_PREPARE:
+               return snd_pcm_prepare(substream, file);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_RESET:
+               return snd_pcm_reset(substream);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_START:
+               return snd_pcm_action_lock_irq(&snd_pcm_action_start, substream, SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_LINK:
+               return snd_pcm_link(substream, (int)(unsigned long) arg);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_UNLINK:
+               return snd_pcm_unlink(substream);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_RESUME:
+               return snd_pcm_resume(substream);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_XRUN:
+               return snd_pcm_xrun(substream);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HWSYNC:
+               return snd_pcm_hwsync(substream);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DELAY:
+               return snd_pcm_delay(substream, arg);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_SYNC_PTR:
+               return snd_pcm_sync_ptr(substream, arg);
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_SUPPORT_OLD_API
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_REFINE_OLD:
+               return snd_pcm_hw_refine_old_user(substream, arg);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_PARAMS_OLD:
+               return snd_pcm_hw_params_old_user(substream, arg);
+#endif
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DRAIN:
+               return snd_pcm_drain(substream, file);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DROP:
+               return snd_pcm_drop(substream);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_PAUSE:
+       {
+               int res;
+               snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+               res = snd_pcm_pause(substream, (int)(unsigned long)arg);
+               snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+               return res;
+       }
+       }
+       pcm_dbg(substream->pcm, "unknown ioctl = 0x%x\n", cmd);
+       return -ENOTTY;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_playback_ioctl1(struct file *file,
+                                  struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                  unsigned int cmd, void __user *arg)
+{
+       if (snd_BUG_ON(!substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       if (snd_BUG_ON(substream->stream != SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       switch (cmd) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_WRITEI_FRAMES:
+       {
+               struct snd_xferi xferi;
+               struct snd_xferi __user *_xferi = arg;
+               struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+               snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+               if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+                       return -EBADFD;
+               if (put_user(0, &_xferi->result))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               if (copy_from_user(&xferi, _xferi, sizeof(xferi)))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               result = snd_pcm_lib_write(substream, xferi.buf, xferi.frames);
+               __put_user(result, &_xferi->result);
+               return result < 0 ? result : 0;
+       }
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_WRITEN_FRAMES:
+       {
+               struct snd_xfern xfern;
+               struct snd_xfern __user *_xfern = arg;
+               struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+               void __user **bufs;
+               snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+               if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+                       return -EBADFD;
+               if (runtime->channels > 128)
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               if (put_user(0, &_xfern->result))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               if (copy_from_user(&xfern, _xfern, sizeof(xfern)))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+
+               bufs = memdup_user(xfern.bufs,
+                                  sizeof(void *) * runtime->channels);
+               if (IS_ERR(bufs))
+                       return PTR_ERR(bufs);
+               result = snd_pcm_lib_writev(substream, bufs, xfern.frames);
+               kfree(bufs);
+               __put_user(result, &_xfern->result);
+               return result < 0 ? result : 0;
+       }
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_REWIND:
+       {
+               snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
+               snd_pcm_uframes_t __user *_frames = arg;
+               snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+               if (get_user(frames, _frames))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               if (put_user(0, _frames))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               result = snd_pcm_playback_rewind(substream, frames);
+               __put_user(result, _frames);
+               return result < 0 ? result : 0;
+       }
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_FORWARD:
+       {
+               snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
+               snd_pcm_uframes_t __user *_frames = arg;
+               snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+               if (get_user(frames, _frames))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               if (put_user(0, _frames))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               result = snd_pcm_playback_forward(substream, frames);
+               __put_user(result, _frames);
+               return result < 0 ? result : 0;
+       }
+       }
+       return snd_pcm_common_ioctl1(file, substream, cmd, arg);
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_capture_ioctl1(struct file *file,
+                                 struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                 unsigned int cmd, void __user *arg)
+{
+       if (snd_BUG_ON(!substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       if (snd_BUG_ON(substream->stream != SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       switch (cmd) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_READI_FRAMES:
+       {
+               struct snd_xferi xferi;
+               struct snd_xferi __user *_xferi = arg;
+               struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+               snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+               if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+                       return -EBADFD;
+               if (put_user(0, &_xferi->result))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               if (copy_from_user(&xferi, _xferi, sizeof(xferi)))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               result = snd_pcm_lib_read(substream, xferi.buf, xferi.frames);
+               __put_user(result, &_xferi->result);
+               return result < 0 ? result : 0;
+       }
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_READN_FRAMES:
+       {
+               struct snd_xfern xfern;
+               struct snd_xfern __user *_xfern = arg;
+               struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+               void *bufs;
+               snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+               if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+                       return -EBADFD;
+               if (runtime->channels > 128)
+                       return -EINVAL;
+               if (put_user(0, &_xfern->result))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               if (copy_from_user(&xfern, _xfern, sizeof(xfern)))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+
+               bufs = memdup_user(xfern.bufs,
+                                  sizeof(void *) * runtime->channels);
+               if (IS_ERR(bufs))
+                       return PTR_ERR(bufs);
+               result = snd_pcm_lib_readv(substream, bufs, xfern.frames);
+               kfree(bufs);
+               __put_user(result, &_xfern->result);
+               return result < 0 ? result : 0;
+       }
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_REWIND:
+       {
+               snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
+               snd_pcm_uframes_t __user *_frames = arg;
+               snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+               if (get_user(frames, _frames))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               if (put_user(0, _frames))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               result = snd_pcm_capture_rewind(substream, frames);
+               __put_user(result, _frames);
+               return result < 0 ? result : 0;
+       }
+       case SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_FORWARD:
+       {
+               snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
+               snd_pcm_uframes_t __user *_frames = arg;
+               snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+               if (get_user(frames, _frames))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               if (put_user(0, _frames))
+                       return -EFAULT;
+               result = snd_pcm_capture_forward(substream, frames);
+               __put_user(result, _frames);
+               return result < 0 ? result : 0;
+       }
+       }
+       return snd_pcm_common_ioctl1(file, substream, cmd, arg);
+}
+
+static long snd_pcm_playback_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
+                                  unsigned long arg)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+
+       pcm_file = file->private_data;
+
+       if (((cmd >> 8) & 0xff) != 'A')
+               return -ENOTTY;
+
+       return snd_pcm_playback_ioctl1(file, pcm_file->substream, cmd,
+                                      (void __user *)arg);
+}
+
+static long snd_pcm_capture_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
+                                 unsigned long arg)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+
+       pcm_file = file->private_data;
+
+       if (((cmd >> 8) & 0xff) != 'A')
+               return -ENOTTY;
+
+       return snd_pcm_capture_ioctl1(file, pcm_file->substream, cmd,
+                                     (void __user *)arg);
+}
+
+int snd_pcm_kernel_ioctl(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                        unsigned int cmd, void *arg)
+{
+       mm_segment_t fs;
+       int result;
+       
+       fs = snd_enter_user();
+       switch (substream->stream) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK:
+               result = snd_pcm_playback_ioctl1(NULL, substream, cmd,
+                                                (void __user *)arg);
+               break;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE:
+               result = snd_pcm_capture_ioctl1(NULL, substream, cmd,
+                                               (void __user *)arg);
+               break;
+       default:
+               result = -EINVAL;
+               break;
+       }
+       snd_leave_user(fs);
+       return result;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_kernel_ioctl);
+
+static ssize_t snd_pcm_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count,
+                           loff_t * offset)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+
+       pcm_file = file->private_data;
+       substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       if (!frame_aligned(runtime, count))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       count = bytes_to_frames(runtime, count);
+       result = snd_pcm_lib_read(substream, buf, count);
+       if (result > 0)
+               result = frames_to_bytes(runtime, result);
+       return result;
+}
+
+static ssize_t snd_pcm_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,
+                            size_t count, loff_t * offset)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+
+       pcm_file = file->private_data;
+       substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       if (!frame_aligned(runtime, count))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       count = bytes_to_frames(runtime, count);
+       result = snd_pcm_lib_write(substream, buf, count);
+       if (result > 0)
+               result = frames_to_bytes(runtime, result);
+       return result;
+}
+
+static ssize_t snd_pcm_readv(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *to)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+       unsigned long i;
+       void __user **bufs;
+       snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
+
+       pcm_file = iocb->ki_filp->private_data;
+       substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       if (!iter_is_iovec(to))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       if (to->nr_segs > 1024 || to->nr_segs != runtime->channels)
+               return -EINVAL;
+       if (!frame_aligned(runtime, to->iov->iov_len))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       frames = bytes_to_samples(runtime, to->iov->iov_len);
+       bufs = kmalloc(sizeof(void *) * to->nr_segs, GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (bufs == NULL)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       for (i = 0; i < to->nr_segs; ++i)
+               bufs[i] = to->iov[i].iov_base;
+       result = snd_pcm_lib_readv(substream, bufs, frames);
+       if (result > 0)
+               result = frames_to_bytes(runtime, result);
+       kfree(bufs);
+       return result;
+}
+
+static ssize_t snd_pcm_writev(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       snd_pcm_sframes_t result;
+       unsigned long i;
+       void __user **bufs;
+       snd_pcm_uframes_t frames;
+
+       pcm_file = iocb->ki_filp->private_data;
+       substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       if (!iter_is_iovec(from))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       if (from->nr_segs > 128 || from->nr_segs != runtime->channels ||
+           !frame_aligned(runtime, from->iov->iov_len))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       frames = bytes_to_samples(runtime, from->iov->iov_len);
+       bufs = kmalloc(sizeof(void *) * from->nr_segs, GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (bufs == NULL)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       for (i = 0; i < from->nr_segs; ++i)
+               bufs[i] = from->iov[i].iov_base;
+       result = snd_pcm_lib_writev(substream, bufs, frames);
+       if (result > 0)
+               result = frames_to_bytes(runtime, result);
+       kfree(bufs);
+       return result;
+}
+
+static unsigned int snd_pcm_playback_poll(struct file *file, poll_table * wait)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+        unsigned int mask;
+       snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;
+
+       pcm_file = file->private_data;
+
+       substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+
+       poll_wait(file, &runtime->sleep, wait);
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       avail = snd_pcm_playback_avail(runtime);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
+               if (avail >= runtime->control->avail_min) {
+                       mask = POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM;
+                       break;
+               }
+               /* Fall through */
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
+               mask = 0;
+               break;
+       default:
+               mask = POLLOUT | POLLWRNORM | POLLERR;
+               break;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return mask;
+}
+
+static unsigned int snd_pcm_capture_poll(struct file *file, poll_table * wait)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+        unsigned int mask;
+       snd_pcm_uframes_t avail;
+
+       pcm_file = file->private_data;
+
+       substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+
+       poll_wait(file, &runtime->sleep, wait);
+
+       snd_pcm_stream_lock_irq(substream);
+       avail = snd_pcm_capture_avail(runtime);
+       switch (runtime->status->state) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED:
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED:
+               if (avail >= runtime->control->avail_min) {
+                       mask = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
+                       break;
+               }
+               mask = 0;
+               break;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING:
+               if (avail > 0) {
+                       mask = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
+                       break;
+               }
+               /* Fall through */
+       default:
+               mask = POLLIN | POLLRDNORM | POLLERR;
+               break;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_stream_unlock_irq(substream);
+       return mask;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mmap support
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Only on coherent architectures, we can mmap the status and the control records
+ * for effcient data transfer.  On others, we have to use HWSYNC ioctl...
+ */
+#if defined(CONFIG_X86) || defined(CONFIG_PPC) || defined(CONFIG_ALPHA)
+/*
+ * mmap status record
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_mmap_status_fault(struct vm_area_struct *area,
+                                               struct vm_fault *vmf)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = area->vm_private_data;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       
+       if (substream == NULL)
+               return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       vmf->page = virt_to_page(runtime->status);
+       get_page(vmf->page);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct vm_operations_struct snd_pcm_vm_ops_status =
+{
+       .fault =        snd_pcm_mmap_status_fault,
+};
+
+static int snd_pcm_mmap_status(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, struct file *file,
+                              struct vm_area_struct *area)
+{
+       long size;
+       if (!(area->vm_flags & VM_READ))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       size = area->vm_end - area->vm_start;
+       if (size != PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(struct snd_pcm_mmap_status)))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       area->vm_ops = &snd_pcm_vm_ops_status;
+       area->vm_private_data = substream;
+       area->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mmap control record
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_mmap_control_fault(struct vm_area_struct *area,
+                                               struct vm_fault *vmf)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = area->vm_private_data;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       
+       if (substream == NULL)
+               return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       vmf->page = virt_to_page(runtime->control);
+       get_page(vmf->page);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct vm_operations_struct snd_pcm_vm_ops_control =
+{
+       .fault =        snd_pcm_mmap_control_fault,
+};
+
+static int snd_pcm_mmap_control(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, struct file *file,
+                               struct vm_area_struct *area)
+{
+       long size;
+       if (!(area->vm_flags & VM_READ))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       size = area->vm_end - area->vm_start;
+       if (size != PAGE_ALIGN(sizeof(struct snd_pcm_mmap_control)))
+               return -EINVAL;
+       area->vm_ops = &snd_pcm_vm_ops_control;
+       area->vm_private_data = substream;
+       area->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;
+       return 0;
+}
+#else /* ! coherent mmap */
+/*
+ * don't support mmap for status and control records.
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_mmap_status(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, struct file *file,
+                              struct vm_area_struct *area)
+{
+       return -ENXIO;
+}
+static int snd_pcm_mmap_control(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, struct file *file,
+                               struct vm_area_struct *area)
+{
+       return -ENXIO;
+}
+#endif /* coherent mmap */
+
+static inline struct page *
+snd_pcm_default_page_ops(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, unsigned long ofs)
+{
+       void *vaddr = substream->runtime->dma_area + ofs;
+       return virt_to_page(vaddr);
+}
+
+/*
+ * fault callback for mmapping a RAM page
+ */
+static int snd_pcm_mmap_data_fault(struct vm_area_struct *area,
+                                               struct vm_fault *vmf)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = area->vm_private_data;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       unsigned long offset;
+       struct page * page;
+       size_t dma_bytes;
+       
+       if (substream == NULL)
+               return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       offset = vmf->pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
+       dma_bytes = PAGE_ALIGN(runtime->dma_bytes);
+       if (offset > dma_bytes - PAGE_SIZE)
+               return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+       if (substream->ops->page)
+               page = substream->ops->page(substream, offset);
+       else
+               page = snd_pcm_default_page_ops(substream, offset);
+       if (!page)
+               return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
+       get_page(page);
+       vmf->page = page;
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static const struct vm_operations_struct snd_pcm_vm_ops_data = {
+       .open =         snd_pcm_mmap_data_open,
+       .close =        snd_pcm_mmap_data_close,
+};
+
+static const struct vm_operations_struct snd_pcm_vm_ops_data_fault = {
+       .open =         snd_pcm_mmap_data_open,
+       .close =        snd_pcm_mmap_data_close,
+       .fault =        snd_pcm_mmap_data_fault,
+};
+
+/*
+ * mmap the DMA buffer on RAM
+ */
+
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_lib_default_mmap - Default PCM data mmap function
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ * @area: VMA
+ *
+ * This is the default mmap handler for PCM data.  When mmap pcm_ops is NULL,
+ * this function is invoked implicitly.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_lib_default_mmap(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                            struct vm_area_struct *area)
+{
+       area->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_DONTDUMP;
+#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_ALLOCATOR
+       if (substream->dma_buffer.dev.type == SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_IRAM) {
+               area->vm_page_prot = pgprot_writecombine(area->vm_page_prot);
+               return remap_pfn_range(area, area->vm_start,
+                               substream->dma_buffer.addr >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+                               area->vm_end - area->vm_start, area->vm_page_prot);
+       }
+#endif /* CONFIG_GENERIC_ALLOCATOR */
+#ifndef CONFIG_X86 /* for avoiding warnings arch/x86/mm/pat.c */
+       if (!substream->ops->page &&
+           substream->dma_buffer.dev.type == SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV)
+               return dma_mmap_coherent(substream->dma_buffer.dev.dev,
+                                        area,
+                                        substream->runtime->dma_area,
+                                        substream->runtime->dma_addr,
+                                        area->vm_end - area->vm_start);
+#endif /* CONFIG_X86 */
+       /* mmap with fault handler */
+       area->vm_ops = &snd_pcm_vm_ops_data_fault;
+       return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(snd_pcm_lib_default_mmap);
+
+/*
+ * mmap the DMA buffer on I/O memory area
+ */
+#if SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_IOMEM
+/**
+ * snd_pcm_lib_mmap_iomem - Default PCM data mmap function for I/O mem
+ * @substream: PCM substream
+ * @area: VMA
+ *
+ * When your hardware uses the iomapped pages as the hardware buffer and
+ * wants to mmap it, pass this function as mmap pcm_ops.  Note that this
+ * is supposed to work only on limited architectures.
+ */
+int snd_pcm_lib_mmap_iomem(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                          struct vm_area_struct *area)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;;
+
+       area->vm_page_prot = pgprot_noncached(area->vm_page_prot);
+       return vm_iomap_memory(area, runtime->dma_addr, runtime->dma_bytes);
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_lib_mmap_iomem);
+#endif /* SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP */
+
+/*
+ * mmap DMA buffer
+ */
+int snd_pcm_mmap_data(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, struct file *file,
+                     struct vm_area_struct *area)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+       long size;
+       unsigned long offset;
+       size_t dma_bytes;
+       int err;
+
+       if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
+               if (!(area->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE|VM_READ)))
+                       return -EINVAL;
+       } else {
+               if (!(area->vm_flags & VM_READ))
+                       return -EINVAL;
+       }
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       if (runtime->status->state == SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN)
+               return -EBADFD;
+       if (!(runtime->info & SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       if (runtime->access == SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED ||
+           runtime->access == SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED)
+               return -EINVAL;
+       size = area->vm_end - area->vm_start;
+       offset = area->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
+       dma_bytes = PAGE_ALIGN(runtime->dma_bytes);
+       if ((size_t)size > dma_bytes)
+               return -EINVAL;
+       if (offset > dma_bytes - size)
+               return -EINVAL;
+
+       area->vm_ops = &snd_pcm_vm_ops_data;
+       area->vm_private_data = substream;
+       if (substream->ops->mmap)
+               err = substream->ops->mmap(substream, area);
+       else
+               err = snd_pcm_lib_default_mmap(substream, area);
+       if (!err)
+               atomic_inc(&substream->mmap_count);
+       return err;
+}
+
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(snd_pcm_mmap_data);
+
+static int snd_pcm_mmap(struct file *file, struct vm_area_struct *area)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file * pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;    
+       unsigned long offset;
+       
+       pcm_file = file->private_data;
+       substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+
+       offset = area->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
+       switch (offset) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_MMAP_OFFSET_STATUS:
+               if (pcm_file->no_compat_mmap)
+                       return -ENXIO;
+               return snd_pcm_mmap_status(substream, file, area);
+       case SNDRV_PCM_MMAP_OFFSET_CONTROL:
+               if (pcm_file->no_compat_mmap)
+                       return -ENXIO;
+               return snd_pcm_mmap_control(substream, file, area);
+       default:
+               return snd_pcm_mmap_data(substream, file, area);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_fasync(int fd, struct file * file, int on)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file * pcm_file;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;
+
+       pcm_file = file->private_data;
+       substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       if (PCM_RUNTIME_CHECK(substream))
+               return -ENXIO;
+       runtime = substream->runtime;
+       return fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &runtime->fasync);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ioctl32 compat
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+#include "pcm_compat.c"
+#else
+#define snd_pcm_ioctl_compat   NULL
+#endif
+
+/*
+ *  To be removed helpers to keep binary compatibility
+ */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SND_SUPPORT_OLD_API
+#define __OLD_TO_NEW_MASK(x) ((x&7)|((x&0x07fffff8)<<5))
+#define __NEW_TO_OLD_MASK(x) ((x&7)|((x&0xffffff00)>>5))
+
+static void snd_pcm_hw_convert_from_old_params(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params,
+                                              struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old *oparams)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+
+       memset(params, 0, sizeof(*params));
+       params->flags = oparams->flags;
+       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(oparams->masks); i++)
+               params->masks[i].bits[0] = oparams->masks[i];
+       memcpy(params->intervals, oparams->intervals, sizeof(oparams->intervals));
+       params->rmask = __OLD_TO_NEW_MASK(oparams->rmask);
+       params->cmask = __OLD_TO_NEW_MASK(oparams->cmask);
+       params->info = oparams->info;
+       params->msbits = oparams->msbits;
+       params->rate_num = oparams->rate_num;
+       params->rate_den = oparams->rate_den;
+       params->fifo_size = oparams->fifo_size;
+}
+
+static void snd_pcm_hw_convert_to_old_params(struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old *oparams,
+                                            struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+
+       memset(oparams, 0, sizeof(*oparams));
+       oparams->flags = params->flags;
+       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(oparams->masks); i++)
+               oparams->masks[i] = params->masks[i].bits[0];
+       memcpy(oparams->intervals, params->intervals, sizeof(oparams->intervals));
+       oparams->rmask = __NEW_TO_OLD_MASK(params->rmask);
+       oparams->cmask = __NEW_TO_OLD_MASK(params->cmask);
+       oparams->info = params->info;
+       oparams->msbits = params->msbits;
+       oparams->rate_num = params->rate_num;
+       oparams->rate_den = params->rate_den;
+       oparams->fifo_size = params->fifo_size;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_refine_old_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                     struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old __user * _oparams)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params;
+       struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old *oparams = NULL;
+       int err;
+
+       params = kmalloc(sizeof(*params), GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (!params)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+
+       oparams = memdup_user(_oparams, sizeof(*oparams));
+       if (IS_ERR(oparams)) {
+               err = PTR_ERR(oparams);
+               goto out;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_hw_convert_from_old_params(params, oparams);
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_refine(substream, params);
+       snd_pcm_hw_convert_to_old_params(oparams, params);
+       if (copy_to_user(_oparams, oparams, sizeof(*oparams))) {
+               if (!err)
+                       err = -EFAULT;
+       }
+
+       kfree(oparams);
+out:
+       kfree(params);
+       return err;
+}
+
+static int snd_pcm_hw_params_old_user(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
+                                     struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old __user * _oparams)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params;
+       struct snd_pcm_hw_params_old *oparams = NULL;
+       int err;
+
+       params = kmalloc(sizeof(*params), GFP_KERNEL);
+       if (!params)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+
+       oparams = memdup_user(_oparams, sizeof(*oparams));
+       if (IS_ERR(oparams)) {
+               err = PTR_ERR(oparams);
+               goto out;
+       }
+       snd_pcm_hw_convert_from_old_params(params, oparams);
+       err = snd_pcm_hw_params(substream, params);
+       snd_pcm_hw_convert_to_old_params(oparams, params);
+       if (copy_to_user(_oparams, oparams, sizeof(*oparams))) {
+               if (!err)
+                       err = -EFAULT;
+       }
+
+       kfree(oparams);
+out:
+       kfree(params);
+       return err;
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_SND_SUPPORT_OLD_API */
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
+static unsigned long snd_pcm_get_unmapped_area(struct file *file,
+                                              unsigned long addr,
+                                              unsigned long len,
+                                              unsigned long pgoff,
+                                              unsigned long flags)
+{
+       struct snd_pcm_file *pcm_file = file->private_data;
+       struct snd_pcm_substream *substream = pcm_file->substream;
+       struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
+       unsigned long offset = pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+       switch (offset) {
+       case SNDRV_PCM_MMAP_OFFSET_STATUS:
+               return (unsigned long)runtime->status;
+       case SNDRV_PCM_MMAP_OFFSET_CONTROL:
+               return (unsigned long)runtime->control;
+       default:
+               return (unsigned long)runtime->dma_area + offset;
+       }
+}
+#else
+# define snd_pcm_get_unmapped_area NULL
+#endif
+
+/*
+ *  Register section
+ */
+
+const struct file_operations snd_pcm_f_ops[2] = {
+       {
+               .owner =                THIS_MODULE,
+               .write =                snd_pcm_write,
+               .write_iter =           snd_pcm_writev,
+               .open =                 snd_pcm_playback_open,
+               .release =              snd_pcm_release,
+               .llseek =               no_llseek,
+               .poll =                 snd_pcm_playback_poll,
+               .unlocked_ioctl =       snd_pcm_playback_ioctl,
+               .compat_ioctl =         snd_pcm_ioctl_compat,
+               .mmap =                 snd_pcm_mmap,
+               .fasync =               snd_pcm_fasync,
+               .get_unmapped_area =    snd_pcm_get_unmapped_area,
+       },
+       {
+               .owner =                THIS_MODULE,
+               .read =                 snd_pcm_read,
+               .read_iter =            snd_pcm_readv,
+               .open =                 snd_pcm_capture_open,
+               .release =              snd_pcm_release,
+               .llseek =               no_llseek,
+               .poll =                 snd_pcm_capture_poll,
+               .unlocked_ioctl =       snd_pcm_capture_ioctl,
+               .compat_ioctl =         snd_pcm_ioctl_compat,
+               .mmap =                 snd_pcm_mmap,
+               .fasync =               snd_pcm_fasync,
+               .get_unmapped_area =    snd_pcm_get_unmapped_area,
+       }
+};