--- /dev/null
+/*
+ * kernel/sched/proc.c
+ *
+ * Kernel load calculations, forked from sched/core.c
+ */
+
+#include <linux/export.h>
+
+#include "sched.h"
+
+/*
+ * Global load-average calculations
+ *
+ * We take a distributed and async approach to calculating the global load-avg
+ * in order to minimize overhead.
+ *
+ * The global load average is an exponentially decaying average of nr_running +
+ * nr_uninterruptible.
+ *
+ * Once every LOAD_FREQ:
+ *
+ * nr_active = 0;
+ * for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+ * nr_active += cpu_of(cpu)->nr_running + cpu_of(cpu)->nr_uninterruptible;
+ *
+ * avenrun[n] = avenrun[0] * exp_n + nr_active * (1 - exp_n)
+ *
+ * Due to a number of reasons the above turns in the mess below:
+ *
+ * - for_each_possible_cpu() is prohibitively expensive on machines with
+ * serious number of cpus, therefore we need to take a distributed approach
+ * to calculating nr_active.
+ *
+ * \Sum_i x_i(t) = \Sum_i x_i(t) - x_i(t_0) | x_i(t_0) := 0
+ * = \Sum_i { \Sum_j=1 x_i(t_j) - x_i(t_j-1) }
+ *
+ * So assuming nr_active := 0 when we start out -- true per definition, we
+ * can simply take per-cpu deltas and fold those into a global accumulate
+ * to obtain the same result. See calc_load_fold_active().
+ *
+ * Furthermore, in order to avoid synchronizing all per-cpu delta folding
+ * across the machine, we assume 10 ticks is sufficient time for every
+ * cpu to have completed this task.
+ *
+ * This places an upper-bound on the IRQ-off latency of the machine. Then
+ * again, being late doesn't loose the delta, just wrecks the sample.
+ *
+ * - cpu_rq()->nr_uninterruptible isn't accurately tracked per-cpu because
+ * this would add another cross-cpu cacheline miss and atomic operation
+ * to the wakeup path. Instead we increment on whatever cpu the task ran
+ * when it went into uninterruptible state and decrement on whatever cpu
+ * did the wakeup. This means that only the sum of nr_uninterruptible over
+ * all cpus yields the correct result.
+ *
+ * This covers the NO_HZ=n code, for extra head-aches, see the comment below.
+ */
+
+/* Variables and functions for calc_load */
+atomic_long_t calc_load_tasks;
+unsigned long calc_load_update;
+unsigned long avenrun[3];
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(avenrun); /* should be removed */
+
+/**
+ * get_avenrun - get the load average array
+ * @loads: pointer to dest load array
+ * @offset: offset to add
+ * @shift: shift count to shift the result left
+ *
+ * These values are estimates at best, so no need for locking.
+ */
+void get_avenrun(unsigned long *loads, unsigned long offset, int shift)
+{
+ loads[0] = (avenrun[0] + offset) << shift;
+ loads[1] = (avenrun[1] + offset) << shift;
+ loads[2] = (avenrun[2] + offset) << shift;
+}
+
+long calc_load_fold_active(struct rq *this_rq)
+{
+ long nr_active, delta = 0;
+
+ nr_active = this_rq->nr_running;
+ nr_active += (long) this_rq->nr_uninterruptible;
+
+ if (nr_active != this_rq->calc_load_active) {
+ delta = nr_active - this_rq->calc_load_active;
+ this_rq->calc_load_active = nr_active;
+ }
+
+ return delta;
+}
+
+/*
+ * a1 = a0 * e + a * (1 - e)
+ */
+static unsigned long
+calc_load(unsigned long load, unsigned long exp, unsigned long active)
+{
+ load *= exp;
+ load += active * (FIXED_1 - exp);
+ load += 1UL << (FSHIFT - 1);
+ return load >> FSHIFT;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON
+/*
+ * Handle NO_HZ for the global load-average.
+ *
+ * Since the above described distributed algorithm to compute the global
+ * load-average relies on per-cpu sampling from the tick, it is affected by
+ * NO_HZ.
+ *
+ * The basic idea is to fold the nr_active delta into a global idle-delta upon
+ * entering NO_HZ state such that we can include this as an 'extra' cpu delta
+ * when we read the global state.
+ *
+ * Obviously reality has to ruin such a delightfully simple scheme:
+ *
+ * - When we go NO_HZ idle during the window, we can negate our sample
+ * contribution, causing under-accounting.
+ *
+ * We avoid this by keeping two idle-delta counters and flipping them
+ * when the window starts, thus separating old and new NO_HZ load.
+ *
+ * The only trick is the slight shift in index flip for read vs write.
+ *
+ * 0s 5s 10s 15s
+ * +10 +10 +10 +10
+ * |-|-----------|-|-----------|-|-----------|-|
+ * r:0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
+ * w:0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
+ *
+ * This ensures we'll fold the old idle contribution in this window while
+ * accumlating the new one.
+ *
+ * - When we wake up from NO_HZ idle during the window, we push up our
+ * contribution, since we effectively move our sample point to a known
+ * busy state.
+ *
+ * This is solved by pushing the window forward, and thus skipping the
+ * sample, for this cpu (effectively using the idle-delta for this cpu which
+ * was in effect at the time the window opened). This also solves the issue
+ * of having to deal with a cpu having been in NOHZ idle for multiple
+ * LOAD_FREQ intervals.
+ *
+ * When making the ILB scale, we should try to pull this in as well.
+ */
+static atomic_long_t calc_load_idle[2];
+static int calc_load_idx;
+
+static inline int calc_load_write_idx(void)
+{
+ int idx = calc_load_idx;
+
+ /*
+ * See calc_global_nohz(), if we observe the new index, we also
+ * need to observe the new update time.
+ */
+ smp_rmb();
+
+ /*
+ * If the folding window started, make sure we start writing in the
+ * next idle-delta.
+ */
+ if (!time_before(jiffies, calc_load_update))
+ idx++;
+
+ return idx & 1;
+}
+
+static inline int calc_load_read_idx(void)
+{
+ return calc_load_idx & 1;
+}
+
+void calc_load_enter_idle(void)
+{
+ struct rq *this_rq = this_rq();
+ long delta;
+
+ /*
+ * We're going into NOHZ mode, if there's any pending delta, fold it
+ * into the pending idle delta.
+ */
+ delta = calc_load_fold_active(this_rq);
+ if (delta) {
+ int idx = calc_load_write_idx();
+ atomic_long_add(delta, &calc_load_idle[idx]);
+ }
+}
+
+void calc_load_exit_idle(void)
+{
+ struct rq *this_rq = this_rq();
+
+ /*
+ * If we're still before the sample window, we're done.
+ */
+ if (time_before(jiffies, this_rq->calc_load_update))
+ return;
+
+ /*
+ * We woke inside or after the sample window, this means we're already
+ * accounted through the nohz accounting, so skip the entire deal and
+ * sync up for the next window.
+ */
+ this_rq->calc_load_update = calc_load_update;
+ if (time_before(jiffies, this_rq->calc_load_update + 10))
+ this_rq->calc_load_update += LOAD_FREQ;
+}
+
+static long calc_load_fold_idle(void)
+{
+ int idx = calc_load_read_idx();
+ long delta = 0;
+
+ if (atomic_long_read(&calc_load_idle[idx]))
+ delta = atomic_long_xchg(&calc_load_idle[idx], 0);
+
+ return delta;
+}
+
+/**
+ * fixed_power_int - compute: x^n, in O(log n) time
+ *
+ * @x: base of the power
+ * @frac_bits: fractional bits of @x
+ * @n: power to raise @x to.
+ *
+ * By exploiting the relation between the definition of the natural power
+ * function: x^n := x*x*...*x (x multiplied by itself for n times), and
+ * the binary encoding of numbers used by computers: n := \Sum n_i * 2^i,
+ * (where: n_i \elem {0, 1}, the binary vector representing n),
+ * we find: x^n := x^(\Sum n_i * 2^i) := \Prod x^(n_i * 2^i), which is
+ * of course trivially computable in O(log_2 n), the length of our binary
+ * vector.
+ */
+static unsigned long
+fixed_power_int(unsigned long x, unsigned int frac_bits, unsigned int n)
+{
+ unsigned long result = 1UL << frac_bits;
+
+ if (n) for (;;) {
+ if (n & 1) {
+ result *= x;
+ result += 1UL << (frac_bits - 1);
+ result >>= frac_bits;
+ }
+ n >>= 1;
+ if (!n)
+ break;
+ x *= x;
+ x += 1UL << (frac_bits - 1);
+ x >>= frac_bits;
+ }
+
+ return result;
+}
+
+/*
+ * a1 = a0 * e + a * (1 - e)
+ *
+ * a2 = a1 * e + a * (1 - e)
+ * = (a0 * e + a * (1 - e)) * e + a * (1 - e)
+ * = a0 * e^2 + a * (1 - e) * (1 + e)
+ *
+ * a3 = a2 * e + a * (1 - e)
+ * = (a0 * e^2 + a * (1 - e) * (1 + e)) * e + a * (1 - e)
+ * = a0 * e^3 + a * (1 - e) * (1 + e + e^2)
+ *
+ * ...
+ *
+ * an = a0 * e^n + a * (1 - e) * (1 + e + ... + e^n-1) [1]
+ * = a0 * e^n + a * (1 - e) * (1 - e^n)/(1 - e)
+ * = a0 * e^n + a * (1 - e^n)
+ *
+ * [1] application of the geometric series:
+ *
+ * n 1 - x^(n+1)
+ * S_n := \Sum x^i = -------------
+ * i=0 1 - x
+ */
+static unsigned long
+calc_load_n(unsigned long load, unsigned long exp,
+ unsigned long active, unsigned int n)
+{
+
+ return calc_load(load, fixed_power_int(exp, FSHIFT, n), active);
+}
+
+/*
+ * NO_HZ can leave us missing all per-cpu ticks calling
+ * calc_load_account_active(), but since an idle CPU folds its delta into
+ * calc_load_tasks_idle per calc_load_account_idle(), all we need to do is fold
+ * in the pending idle delta if our idle period crossed a load cycle boundary.
+ *
+ * Once we've updated the global active value, we need to apply the exponential
+ * weights adjusted to the number of cycles missed.
+ */
+static void calc_global_nohz(void)
+{
+ long delta, active, n;
+
+ if (!time_before(jiffies, calc_load_update + 10)) {
+ /*
+ * Catch-up, fold however many we are behind still
+ */
+ delta = jiffies - calc_load_update - 10;
+ n = 1 + (delta / LOAD_FREQ);
+
+ active = atomic_long_read(&calc_load_tasks);
+ active = active > 0 ? active * FIXED_1 : 0;
+
+ avenrun[0] = calc_load_n(avenrun[0], EXP_1, active, n);
+ avenrun[1] = calc_load_n(avenrun[1], EXP_5, active, n);
+ avenrun[2] = calc_load_n(avenrun[2], EXP_15, active, n);
+
+ calc_load_update += n * LOAD_FREQ;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Flip the idle index...
+ *
+ * Make sure we first write the new time then flip the index, so that
+ * calc_load_write_idx() will see the new time when it reads the new
+ * index, this avoids a double flip messing things up.
+ */
+ smp_wmb();
+ calc_load_idx++;
+}
+#else /* !CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON */
+
+static inline long calc_load_fold_idle(void) { return 0; }
+static inline void calc_global_nohz(void) { }
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON */
+
+/*
+ * calc_load - update the avenrun load estimates 10 ticks after the
+ * CPUs have updated calc_load_tasks.
+ */
+void calc_global_load(unsigned long ticks)
+{
+ long active, delta;
+
+ if (time_before(jiffies, calc_load_update + 10))
+ return;
+
+ /*
+ * Fold the 'old' idle-delta to include all NO_HZ cpus.
+ */
+ delta = calc_load_fold_idle();
+ if (delta)
+ atomic_long_add(delta, &calc_load_tasks);
+
+ active = atomic_long_read(&calc_load_tasks);
+ active = active > 0 ? active * FIXED_1 : 0;
+
+ avenrun[0] = calc_load(avenrun[0], EXP_1, active);
+ avenrun[1] = calc_load(avenrun[1], EXP_5, active);
+ avenrun[2] = calc_load(avenrun[2], EXP_15, active);
+
+ calc_load_update += LOAD_FREQ;
+
+ /*
+ * In case we idled for multiple LOAD_FREQ intervals, catch up in bulk.
+ */
+ calc_global_nohz();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called from update_cpu_load() to periodically update this CPU's
+ * active count.
+ */
+static void calc_load_account_active(struct rq *this_rq)
+{
+ long delta;
+
+ if (time_before(jiffies, this_rq->calc_load_update))
+ return;
+
+ delta = calc_load_fold_active(this_rq);
+ if (delta)
+ atomic_long_add(delta, &calc_load_tasks);
+
+ this_rq->calc_load_update += LOAD_FREQ;
+}
+
+/*
+ * End of global load-average stuff
+ */
+
+/*
+ * The exact cpuload at various idx values, calculated at every tick would be
+ * load = (2^idx - 1) / 2^idx * load + 1 / 2^idx * cur_load
+ *
+ * If a cpu misses updates for n-1 ticks (as it was idle) and update gets called
+ * on nth tick when cpu may be busy, then we have:
+ * load = ((2^idx - 1) / 2^idx)^(n-1) * load
+ * load = (2^idx - 1) / 2^idx) * load + 1 / 2^idx * cur_load
+ *
+ * decay_load_missed() below does efficient calculation of
+ * load = ((2^idx - 1) / 2^idx)^(n-1) * load
+ * avoiding 0..n-1 loop doing load = ((2^idx - 1) / 2^idx) * load
+ *
+ * The calculation is approximated on a 128 point scale.
+ * degrade_zero_ticks is the number of ticks after which load at any
+ * particular idx is approximated to be zero.
+ * degrade_factor is a precomputed table, a row for each load idx.
+ * Each column corresponds to degradation factor for a power of two ticks,
+ * based on 128 point scale.
+ * Example:
+ * row 2, col 3 (=12) says that the degradation at load idx 2 after
+ * 8 ticks is 12/128 (which is an approximation of exact factor 3^8/4^8).
+ *
+ * With this power of 2 load factors, we can degrade the load n times
+ * by looking at 1 bits in n and doing as many mult/shift instead of
+ * n mult/shifts needed by the exact degradation.
+ */
+#define DEGRADE_SHIFT 7
+static const unsigned char
+ degrade_zero_ticks[CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX] = {0, 8, 32, 64, 128};
+static const unsigned char
+ degrade_factor[CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX][DEGRADE_SHIFT + 1] = {
+ {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+ {64, 32, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0},
+ {96, 72, 40, 12, 1, 0, 0},
+ {112, 98, 75, 43, 15, 1, 0},
+ {120, 112, 98, 76, 45, 16, 2} };
+
+/*
+ * Update cpu_load for any missed ticks, due to tickless idle. The backlog
+ * would be when CPU is idle and so we just decay the old load without
+ * adding any new load.
+ */
+static unsigned long
+decay_load_missed(unsigned long load, unsigned long missed_updates, int idx)
+{
+ int j = 0;
+
+ if (!missed_updates)
+ return load;
+
+ if (missed_updates >= degrade_zero_ticks[idx])
+ return 0;
+
+ if (idx == 1)
+ return load >> missed_updates;
+
+ while (missed_updates) {
+ if (missed_updates % 2)
+ load = (load * degrade_factor[idx][j]) >> DEGRADE_SHIFT;
+
+ missed_updates >>= 1;
+ j++;
+ }
+ return load;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update rq->cpu_load[] statistics. This function is usually called every
+ * scheduler tick (TICK_NSEC). With tickless idle this will not be called
+ * every tick. We fix it up based on jiffies.
+ */
+static void __update_cpu_load(struct rq *this_rq, unsigned long this_load,
+ unsigned long pending_updates)
+{
+ int i, scale;
+
+ this_rq->nr_load_updates++;
+
+ /* Update our load: */
+ this_rq->cpu_load[0] = this_load; /* Fasttrack for idx 0 */
+ for (i = 1, scale = 2; i < CPU_LOAD_IDX_MAX; i++, scale += scale) {
+ unsigned long old_load, new_load;
+
+ /* scale is effectively 1 << i now, and >> i divides by scale */
+
+ old_load = this_rq->cpu_load[i];
+ old_load = decay_load_missed(old_load, pending_updates - 1, i);
+ new_load = this_load;
+ /*
+ * Round up the averaging division if load is increasing. This
+ * prevents us from getting stuck on 9 if the load is 10, for
+ * example.
+ */
+ if (new_load > old_load)
+ new_load += scale - 1;
+
+ this_rq->cpu_load[i] = (old_load * (scale - 1) + new_load) >> i;
+ }
+
+ sched_avg_update(this_rq);
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+static inline unsigned long get_rq_runnable_load(struct rq *rq)
+{
+ return rq->cfs.runnable_load_avg;
+}
+#else
+static inline unsigned long get_rq_runnable_load(struct rq *rq)
+{
+ return rq->load.weight;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_COMMON
+/*
+ * There is no sane way to deal with nohz on smp when using jiffies because the
+ * cpu doing the jiffies update might drift wrt the cpu doing the jiffy reading
+ * causing off-by-one errors in observed deltas; {0,2} instead of {1,1}.
+ *
+ * Therefore we cannot use the delta approach from the regular tick since that
+ * would seriously skew the load calculation. However we'll make do for those
+ * updates happening while idle (nohz_idle_balance) or coming out of idle
+ * (tick_nohz_idle_exit).
+ *
+ * This means we might still be one tick off for nohz periods.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Called from nohz_idle_balance() to update the load ratings before doing the
+ * idle balance.
+ */
+void update_idle_cpu_load(struct rq *this_rq)
+{
+ unsigned long curr_jiffies = ACCESS_ONCE(jiffies);
+ unsigned long load = get_rq_runnable_load(this_rq);
+ unsigned long pending_updates;
+
+ /*
+ * bail if there's load or we're actually up-to-date.
+ */
+ if (load || curr_jiffies == this_rq->last_load_update_tick)
+ return;
+
+ pending_updates = curr_jiffies - this_rq->last_load_update_tick;
+ this_rq->last_load_update_tick = curr_jiffies;
+
+ __update_cpu_load(this_rq, load, pending_updates);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called from tick_nohz_idle_exit() -- try and fix up the ticks we missed.
+ */
+void update_cpu_load_nohz(void)
+{
+ struct rq *this_rq = this_rq();
+ unsigned long curr_jiffies = ACCESS_ONCE(jiffies);
+ unsigned long pending_updates;
+
+ if (curr_jiffies == this_rq->last_load_update_tick)
+ return;
+
+ raw_spin_lock(&this_rq->lock);
+ pending_updates = curr_jiffies - this_rq->last_load_update_tick;
+ if (pending_updates) {
+ this_rq->last_load_update_tick = curr_jiffies;
+ /*
+ * We were idle, this means load 0, the current load might be
+ * !0 due to remote wakeups and the sort.
+ */
+ __update_cpu_load(this_rq, 0, pending_updates);
+ }
+ raw_spin_unlock(&this_rq->lock);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_NO_HZ */
+
+/*
+ * Called from scheduler_tick()
+ */
+void update_cpu_load_active(struct rq *this_rq)
+{
+ unsigned long load = get_rq_runnable_load(this_rq);
+ /*
+ * See the mess around update_idle_cpu_load() / update_cpu_load_nohz().
+ */
+ this_rq->last_load_update_tick = jiffies;
+ __update_cpu_load(this_rq, load, 1);
+
+ calc_load_account_active(this_rq);
+}
Code Review / kvmfornfv.git / blobdiff