Add the rt linux 4.1.3-rt3 as base
[kvmfornfv.git] / kernel / drivers / staging / lustre / lustre / obdclass / lu_object.c
diff --git a/kernel/drivers/staging/lustre/lustre/obdclass/lu_object.c b/kernel/drivers/staging/lustre/lustre/obdclass/lu_object.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..20c0779
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,2192 @@
+/*
+ * GPL HEADER START
+ *
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only,
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+ * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * General Public License version 2 for more details (a copy is included
+ * in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 along with this program; If not, see
+ * http://www.sun.com/software/products/lustre/docs/GPLv2.pdf
+ *
+ * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
+ * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
+ * have any questions.
+ *
+ * GPL HEADER END
+ */
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2007, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Use is subject to license terms.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2011, 2012, Intel Corporation.
+ */
+/*
+ * This file is part of Lustre, http://www.lustre.org/
+ * Lustre is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+ *
+ * lustre/obdclass/lu_object.c
+ *
+ * Lustre Object.
+ * These are the only exported functions, they provide some generic
+ * infrastructure for managing object devices
+ *
+ *   Author: Nikita Danilov <nikita.danilov@sun.com>
+ */
+
+#define DEBUG_SUBSYSTEM S_CLASS
+
+#include "../../include/linux/libcfs/libcfs.h"
+
+# include <linux/module.h>
+
+/* hash_long() */
+#include "../../include/linux/libcfs/libcfs_hash.h"
+#include "../include/obd_class.h"
+#include "../include/obd_support.h"
+#include "../include/lustre_disk.h"
+#include "../include/lustre_fid.h"
+#include "../include/lu_object.h"
+#include "../include/lu_ref.h"
+#include <linux/list.h>
+
+static void lu_object_free(const struct lu_env *env, struct lu_object *o);
+
+/**
+ * Decrease reference counter on object. If last reference is freed, return
+ * object to the cache, unless lu_object_is_dying(o) holds. In the latter
+ * case, free object immediately.
+ */
+void lu_object_put(const struct lu_env *env, struct lu_object *o)
+{
+       struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+       struct lu_object_header *top;
+       struct lu_site    *site;
+       struct lu_object        *orig;
+       struct cfs_hash_bd          bd;
+       const struct lu_fid     *fid;
+
+       top  = o->lo_header;
+       site = o->lo_dev->ld_site;
+       orig = o;
+
+       /*
+        * till we have full fids-on-OST implemented anonymous objects
+        * are possible in OSP. such an object isn't listed in the site
+        * so we should not remove it from the site.
+        */
+       fid = lu_object_fid(o);
+       if (fid_is_zero(fid)) {
+               LASSERT(top->loh_hash.next == NULL
+                       && top->loh_hash.pprev == NULL);
+               LASSERT(list_empty(&top->loh_lru));
+               if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&top->loh_ref))
+                       return;
+               list_for_each_entry_reverse(o, &top->loh_layers, lo_linkage) {
+                       if (o->lo_ops->loo_object_release != NULL)
+                               o->lo_ops->loo_object_release(env, o);
+               }
+               lu_object_free(env, orig);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       cfs_hash_bd_get(site->ls_obj_hash, &top->loh_fid, &bd);
+       bkt = cfs_hash_bd_extra_get(site->ls_obj_hash, &bd);
+
+       if (!cfs_hash_bd_dec_and_lock(site->ls_obj_hash, &bd, &top->loh_ref)) {
+               if (lu_object_is_dying(top)) {
+
+                       /*
+                        * somebody may be waiting for this, currently only
+                        * used for cl_object, see cl_object_put_last().
+                        */
+                       wake_up_all(&bkt->lsb_marche_funebre);
+               }
+               return;
+       }
+
+       LASSERT(bkt->lsb_busy > 0);
+       bkt->lsb_busy--;
+       /*
+        * When last reference is released, iterate over object
+        * layers, and notify them that object is no longer busy.
+        */
+       list_for_each_entry_reverse(o, &top->loh_layers, lo_linkage) {
+               if (o->lo_ops->loo_object_release != NULL)
+                       o->lo_ops->loo_object_release(env, o);
+       }
+
+       if (!lu_object_is_dying(top)) {
+               LASSERT(list_empty(&top->loh_lru));
+               list_add_tail(&top->loh_lru, &bkt->lsb_lru);
+               cfs_hash_bd_unlock(site->ls_obj_hash, &bd, 1);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * If object is dying (will not be cached), removed it
+        * from hash table and LRU.
+        *
+        * This is done with hash table and LRU lists locked. As the only
+        * way to acquire first reference to previously unreferenced
+        * object is through hash-table lookup (lu_object_find()),
+        * or LRU scanning (lu_site_purge()), that are done under hash-table
+        * and LRU lock, no race with concurrent object lookup is possible
+        * and we can safely destroy object below.
+        */
+       if (!test_and_set_bit(LU_OBJECT_UNHASHED, &top->loh_flags))
+               cfs_hash_bd_del_locked(site->ls_obj_hash, &bd, &top->loh_hash);
+       cfs_hash_bd_unlock(site->ls_obj_hash, &bd, 1);
+       /*
+        * Object was already removed from hash and lru above, can
+        * kill it.
+        */
+       lu_object_free(env, orig);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_put);
+
+/**
+ * Put object and don't keep in cache. This is temporary solution for
+ * multi-site objects when its layering is not constant.
+ */
+void lu_object_put_nocache(const struct lu_env *env, struct lu_object *o)
+{
+       set_bit(LU_OBJECT_HEARD_BANSHEE, &o->lo_header->loh_flags);
+       return lu_object_put(env, o);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_put_nocache);
+
+/**
+ * Kill the object and take it out of LRU cache.
+ * Currently used by client code for layout change.
+ */
+void lu_object_unhash(const struct lu_env *env, struct lu_object *o)
+{
+       struct lu_object_header *top;
+
+       top = o->lo_header;
+       set_bit(LU_OBJECT_HEARD_BANSHEE, &top->loh_flags);
+       if (!test_and_set_bit(LU_OBJECT_UNHASHED, &top->loh_flags)) {
+               struct cfs_hash *obj_hash = o->lo_dev->ld_site->ls_obj_hash;
+               struct cfs_hash_bd bd;
+
+               cfs_hash_bd_get_and_lock(obj_hash, &top->loh_fid, &bd, 1);
+               list_del_init(&top->loh_lru);
+               cfs_hash_bd_del_locked(obj_hash, &bd, &top->loh_hash);
+               cfs_hash_bd_unlock(obj_hash, &bd, 1);
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_unhash);
+
+/**
+ * Allocate new object.
+ *
+ * This follows object creation protocol, described in the comment within
+ * struct lu_device_operations definition.
+ */
+static struct lu_object *lu_object_alloc(const struct lu_env *env,
+                                        struct lu_device *dev,
+                                        const struct lu_fid *f,
+                                        const struct lu_object_conf *conf)
+{
+       struct lu_object *scan;
+       struct lu_object *top;
+       struct list_head *layers;
+       unsigned int init_mask = 0;
+       unsigned int init_flag;
+       int clean;
+       int result;
+
+       /*
+        * Create top-level object slice. This will also create
+        * lu_object_header.
+        */
+       top = dev->ld_ops->ldo_object_alloc(env, NULL, dev);
+       if (top == NULL)
+               return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+       if (IS_ERR(top))
+               return top;
+       /*
+        * This is the only place where object fid is assigned. It's constant
+        * after this point.
+        */
+       top->lo_header->loh_fid = *f;
+       layers = &top->lo_header->loh_layers;
+
+       do {
+               /*
+                * Call ->loo_object_init() repeatedly, until no more new
+                * object slices are created.
+                */
+               clean = 1;
+               init_flag = 1;
+               list_for_each_entry(scan, layers, lo_linkage) {
+                       if (init_mask & init_flag)
+                               goto next;
+                       clean = 0;
+                       scan->lo_header = top->lo_header;
+                       result = scan->lo_ops->loo_object_init(env, scan, conf);
+                       if (result != 0) {
+                               lu_object_free(env, top);
+                               return ERR_PTR(result);
+                       }
+                       init_mask |= init_flag;
+next:
+                       init_flag <<= 1;
+               }
+       } while (!clean);
+
+       list_for_each_entry_reverse(scan, layers, lo_linkage) {
+               if (scan->lo_ops->loo_object_start != NULL) {
+                       result = scan->lo_ops->loo_object_start(env, scan);
+                       if (result != 0) {
+                               lu_object_free(env, top);
+                               return ERR_PTR(result);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       lprocfs_counter_incr(dev->ld_site->ls_stats, LU_SS_CREATED);
+       return top;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free an object.
+ */
+static void lu_object_free(const struct lu_env *env, struct lu_object *o)
+{
+       struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+       struct lu_site    *site;
+       struct lu_object        *scan;
+       struct list_head              *layers;
+       struct list_head               splice;
+
+       site   = o->lo_dev->ld_site;
+       layers = &o->lo_header->loh_layers;
+       bkt    = lu_site_bkt_from_fid(site, &o->lo_header->loh_fid);
+       /*
+        * First call ->loo_object_delete() method to release all resources.
+        */
+       list_for_each_entry_reverse(scan, layers, lo_linkage) {
+               if (scan->lo_ops->loo_object_delete != NULL)
+                       scan->lo_ops->loo_object_delete(env, scan);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Then, splice object layers into stand-alone list, and call
+        * ->loo_object_free() on all layers to free memory. Splice is
+        * necessary, because lu_object_header is freed together with the
+        * top-level slice.
+        */
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&splice);
+       list_splice_init(layers, &splice);
+       while (!list_empty(&splice)) {
+               /*
+                * Free layers in bottom-to-top order, so that object header
+                * lives as long as possible and ->loo_object_free() methods
+                * can look at its contents.
+                */
+               o = container_of0(splice.prev, struct lu_object, lo_linkage);
+               list_del_init(&o->lo_linkage);
+               LASSERT(o->lo_ops->loo_object_free != NULL);
+               o->lo_ops->loo_object_free(env, o);
+       }
+
+       if (waitqueue_active(&bkt->lsb_marche_funebre))
+               wake_up_all(&bkt->lsb_marche_funebre);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Free \a nr objects from the cold end of the site LRU list.
+ */
+int lu_site_purge(const struct lu_env *env, struct lu_site *s, int nr)
+{
+       struct lu_object_header *h;
+       struct lu_object_header *temp;
+       struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+       struct cfs_hash_bd          bd;
+       struct cfs_hash_bd          bd2;
+       struct list_head               dispose;
+       int                   did_sth;
+       int                   start;
+       int                   count;
+       int                   bnr;
+       int                   i;
+
+       if (OBD_FAIL_CHECK(OBD_FAIL_OBD_NO_LRU))
+               return 0;
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dispose);
+       /*
+        * Under LRU list lock, scan LRU list and move unreferenced objects to
+        * the dispose list, removing them from LRU and hash table.
+        */
+       start = s->ls_purge_start;
+       bnr = (nr == ~0) ? -1 : nr / CFS_HASH_NBKT(s->ls_obj_hash) + 1;
+ again:
+       did_sth = 0;
+       cfs_hash_for_each_bucket(s->ls_obj_hash, &bd, i) {
+               if (i < start)
+                       continue;
+               count = bnr;
+               cfs_hash_bd_lock(s->ls_obj_hash, &bd, 1);
+               bkt = cfs_hash_bd_extra_get(s->ls_obj_hash, &bd);
+
+               list_for_each_entry_safe(h, temp, &bkt->lsb_lru, loh_lru) {
+                       LASSERT(atomic_read(&h->loh_ref) == 0);
+
+                       cfs_hash_bd_get(s->ls_obj_hash, &h->loh_fid, &bd2);
+                       LASSERT(bd.bd_bucket == bd2.bd_bucket);
+
+                       cfs_hash_bd_del_locked(s->ls_obj_hash,
+                                              &bd2, &h->loh_hash);
+                       list_move(&h->loh_lru, &dispose);
+                       if (did_sth == 0)
+                               did_sth = 1;
+
+                       if (nr != ~0 && --nr == 0)
+                               break;
+
+                       if (count > 0 && --count == 0)
+                               break;
+
+               }
+               cfs_hash_bd_unlock(s->ls_obj_hash, &bd, 1);
+               cond_resched();
+               /*
+                * Free everything on the dispose list. This is safe against
+                * races due to the reasons described in lu_object_put().
+                */
+               while (!list_empty(&dispose)) {
+                       h = container_of0(dispose.next,
+                                         struct lu_object_header, loh_lru);
+                       list_del_init(&h->loh_lru);
+                       lu_object_free(env, lu_object_top(h));
+                       lprocfs_counter_incr(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_LRU_PURGED);
+               }
+
+               if (nr == 0)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       if (nr != 0 && did_sth && start != 0) {
+               start = 0; /* restart from the first bucket */
+               goto again;
+       }
+       /* race on s->ls_purge_start, but nobody cares */
+       s->ls_purge_start = i % CFS_HASH_NBKT(s->ls_obj_hash);
+
+       return nr;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_site_purge);
+
+/*
+ * Object printing.
+ *
+ * Code below has to jump through certain loops to output object description
+ * into libcfs_debug_msg-based log. The problem is that lu_object_print()
+ * composes object description from strings that are parts of _lines_ of
+ * output (i.e., strings that are not terminated by newline). This doesn't fit
+ * very well into libcfs_debug_msg() interface that assumes that each message
+ * supplied to it is a self-contained output line.
+ *
+ * To work around this, strings are collected in a temporary buffer
+ * (implemented as a value of lu_cdebug_key key), until terminating newline
+ * character is detected.
+ *
+ */
+
+enum {
+       /**
+        * Maximal line size.
+        *
+        * XXX overflow is not handled correctly.
+        */
+       LU_CDEBUG_LINE = 512
+};
+
+struct lu_cdebug_data {
+       /**
+        * Temporary buffer.
+        */
+       char lck_area[LU_CDEBUG_LINE];
+};
+
+/* context key constructor/destructor: lu_global_key_init, lu_global_key_fini */
+LU_KEY_INIT_FINI(lu_global, struct lu_cdebug_data);
+
+/**
+ * Key, holding temporary buffer. This key is registered very early by
+ * lu_global_init().
+ */
+struct lu_context_key lu_global_key = {
+       .lct_tags = LCT_MD_THREAD | LCT_DT_THREAD |
+                   LCT_MG_THREAD | LCT_CL_THREAD | LCT_LOCAL,
+       .lct_init = lu_global_key_init,
+       .lct_fini = lu_global_key_fini
+};
+
+/**
+ * Printer function emitting messages through libcfs_debug_msg().
+ */
+int lu_cdebug_printer(const struct lu_env *env,
+                     void *cookie, const char *format, ...)
+{
+       struct libcfs_debug_msg_data *msgdata = cookie;
+       struct lu_cdebug_data   *key;
+       int used;
+       int complete;
+       va_list args;
+
+       va_start(args, format);
+
+       key = lu_context_key_get(&env->le_ctx, &lu_global_key);
+       LASSERT(key != NULL);
+
+       used = strlen(key->lck_area);
+       complete = format[strlen(format) - 1] == '\n';
+       /*
+        * Append new chunk to the buffer.
+        */
+       vsnprintf(key->lck_area + used,
+                 ARRAY_SIZE(key->lck_area) - used, format, args);
+       if (complete) {
+               if (cfs_cdebug_show(msgdata->msg_mask, msgdata->msg_subsys))
+                       libcfs_debug_msg(msgdata, "%s", key->lck_area);
+               key->lck_area[0] = 0;
+       }
+       va_end(args);
+       return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_cdebug_printer);
+
+/**
+ * Print object header.
+ */
+void lu_object_header_print(const struct lu_env *env, void *cookie,
+                           lu_printer_t printer,
+                           const struct lu_object_header *hdr)
+{
+       (*printer)(env, cookie, "header@%p[%#lx, %d, "DFID"%s%s%s]",
+                  hdr, hdr->loh_flags, atomic_read(&hdr->loh_ref),
+                  PFID(&hdr->loh_fid),
+                  hlist_unhashed(&hdr->loh_hash) ? "" : " hash",
+                  list_empty((struct list_head *)&hdr->loh_lru) ? \
+                  "" : " lru",
+                  hdr->loh_attr & LOHA_EXISTS ? " exist":"");
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_header_print);
+
+/**
+ * Print human readable representation of the \a o to the \a printer.
+ */
+void lu_object_print(const struct lu_env *env, void *cookie,
+                    lu_printer_t printer, const struct lu_object *o)
+{
+       static const char ruler[] = "........................................";
+       struct lu_object_header *top;
+       int depth = 4;
+
+       top = o->lo_header;
+       lu_object_header_print(env, cookie, printer, top);
+       (*printer)(env, cookie, "{\n");
+
+       list_for_each_entry(o, &top->loh_layers, lo_linkage) {
+               /*
+                * print `.' \a depth times followed by type name and address
+                */
+               (*printer)(env, cookie, "%*.*s%s@%p", depth, depth, ruler,
+                          o->lo_dev->ld_type->ldt_name, o);
+
+               if (o->lo_ops->loo_object_print != NULL)
+                       (*o->lo_ops->loo_object_print)(env, cookie, printer, o);
+
+               (*printer)(env, cookie, "\n");
+       }
+
+       (*printer)(env, cookie, "} header@%p\n", top);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_print);
+
+/**
+ * Check object consistency.
+ */
+int lu_object_invariant(const struct lu_object *o)
+{
+       struct lu_object_header *top;
+
+       top = o->lo_header;
+       list_for_each_entry(o, &top->loh_layers, lo_linkage) {
+               if (o->lo_ops->loo_object_invariant != NULL &&
+                   !o->lo_ops->loo_object_invariant(o))
+                       return 0;
+       }
+       return 1;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_invariant);
+
+static struct lu_object *htable_lookup(struct lu_site *s,
+                                      struct cfs_hash_bd *bd,
+                                      const struct lu_fid *f,
+                                      wait_queue_t *waiter,
+                                      __u64 *version)
+{
+       struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+       struct lu_object_header *h;
+       struct hlist_node       *hnode;
+       __u64  ver = cfs_hash_bd_version_get(bd);
+
+       if (*version == ver)
+               return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+
+       *version = ver;
+       bkt = cfs_hash_bd_extra_get(s->ls_obj_hash, bd);
+       /* cfs_hash_bd_peek_locked is a somehow "internal" function
+        * of cfs_hash, it doesn't add refcount on object. */
+       hnode = cfs_hash_bd_peek_locked(s->ls_obj_hash, bd, (void *)f);
+       if (hnode == NULL) {
+               lprocfs_counter_incr(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_MISS);
+               return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+       }
+
+       h = container_of0(hnode, struct lu_object_header, loh_hash);
+       if (likely(!lu_object_is_dying(h))) {
+               cfs_hash_get(s->ls_obj_hash, hnode);
+               lprocfs_counter_incr(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_HIT);
+               list_del_init(&h->loh_lru);
+               return lu_object_top(h);
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * Lookup found an object being destroyed this object cannot be
+        * returned (to assure that references to dying objects are eventually
+        * drained), and moreover, lookup has to wait until object is freed.
+        */
+
+       init_waitqueue_entry(waiter, current);
+       add_wait_queue(&bkt->lsb_marche_funebre, waiter);
+       set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+       lprocfs_counter_incr(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_DEATH_RACE);
+       return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Search cache for an object with the fid \a f. If such object is found,
+ * return it. Otherwise, create new object, insert it into cache and return
+ * it. In any case, additional reference is acquired on the returned object.
+ */
+struct lu_object *lu_object_find(const struct lu_env *env,
+                                struct lu_device *dev, const struct lu_fid *f,
+                                const struct lu_object_conf *conf)
+{
+       return lu_object_find_at(env, dev->ld_site->ls_top_dev, f, conf);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_find);
+
+static struct lu_object *lu_object_new(const struct lu_env *env,
+                                      struct lu_device *dev,
+                                      const struct lu_fid *f,
+                                      const struct lu_object_conf *conf)
+{
+       struct lu_object        *o;
+       struct cfs_hash       *hs;
+       struct cfs_hash_bd          bd;
+       struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+
+       o = lu_object_alloc(env, dev, f, conf);
+       if (unlikely(IS_ERR(o)))
+               return o;
+
+       hs = dev->ld_site->ls_obj_hash;
+       cfs_hash_bd_get_and_lock(hs, (void *)f, &bd, 1);
+       bkt = cfs_hash_bd_extra_get(hs, &bd);
+       cfs_hash_bd_add_locked(hs, &bd, &o->lo_header->loh_hash);
+       bkt->lsb_busy++;
+       cfs_hash_bd_unlock(hs, &bd, 1);
+       return o;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Core logic of lu_object_find*() functions.
+ */
+static struct lu_object *lu_object_find_try(const struct lu_env *env,
+                                           struct lu_device *dev,
+                                           const struct lu_fid *f,
+                                           const struct lu_object_conf *conf,
+                                           wait_queue_t *waiter)
+{
+       struct lu_object      *o;
+       struct lu_object      *shadow;
+       struct lu_site  *s;
+       struct cfs_hash     *hs;
+       struct cfs_hash_bd        bd;
+       __u64             version = 0;
+
+       /*
+        * This uses standard index maintenance protocol:
+        *
+        *     - search index under lock, and return object if found;
+        *     - otherwise, unlock index, allocate new object;
+        *     - lock index and search again;
+        *     - if nothing is found (usual case), insert newly created
+        *       object into index;
+        *     - otherwise (race: other thread inserted object), free
+        *       object just allocated.
+        *     - unlock index;
+        *     - return object.
+        *
+        * For "LOC_F_NEW" case, we are sure the object is new established.
+        * It is unnecessary to perform lookup-alloc-lookup-insert, instead,
+        * just alloc and insert directly.
+        *
+        * If dying object is found during index search, add @waiter to the
+        * site wait-queue and return ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN).
+        */
+       if (conf != NULL && conf->loc_flags & LOC_F_NEW)
+               return lu_object_new(env, dev, f, conf);
+
+       s  = dev->ld_site;
+       hs = s->ls_obj_hash;
+       cfs_hash_bd_get_and_lock(hs, (void *)f, &bd, 1);
+       o = htable_lookup(s, &bd, f, waiter, &version);
+       cfs_hash_bd_unlock(hs, &bd, 1);
+       if (!IS_ERR(o) || PTR_ERR(o) != -ENOENT)
+               return o;
+
+       /*
+        * Allocate new object. This may result in rather complicated
+        * operations, including fld queries, inode loading, etc.
+        */
+       o = lu_object_alloc(env, dev, f, conf);
+       if (unlikely(IS_ERR(o)))
+               return o;
+
+       LASSERT(lu_fid_eq(lu_object_fid(o), f));
+
+       cfs_hash_bd_lock(hs, &bd, 1);
+
+       shadow = htable_lookup(s, &bd, f, waiter, &version);
+       if (likely(IS_ERR(shadow) && PTR_ERR(shadow) == -ENOENT)) {
+               struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+
+               bkt = cfs_hash_bd_extra_get(hs, &bd);
+               cfs_hash_bd_add_locked(hs, &bd, &o->lo_header->loh_hash);
+               bkt->lsb_busy++;
+               cfs_hash_bd_unlock(hs, &bd, 1);
+               return o;
+       }
+
+       lprocfs_counter_incr(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_RACE);
+       cfs_hash_bd_unlock(hs, &bd, 1);
+       lu_object_free(env, o);
+       return shadow;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Much like lu_object_find(), but top level device of object is specifically
+ * \a dev rather than top level device of the site. This interface allows
+ * objects of different "stacking" to be created within the same site.
+ */
+struct lu_object *lu_object_find_at(const struct lu_env *env,
+                                   struct lu_device *dev,
+                                   const struct lu_fid *f,
+                                   const struct lu_object_conf *conf)
+{
+       struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+       struct lu_object        *obj;
+       wait_queue_t       wait;
+
+       while (1) {
+               obj = lu_object_find_try(env, dev, f, conf, &wait);
+               if (obj != ERR_PTR(-EAGAIN))
+                       return obj;
+               /*
+                * lu_object_find_try() already added waiter into the
+                * wait queue.
+                */
+               schedule();
+               bkt = lu_site_bkt_from_fid(dev->ld_site, (void *)f);
+               remove_wait_queue(&bkt->lsb_marche_funebre, &wait);
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_find_at);
+
+/**
+ * Find object with given fid, and return its slice belonging to given device.
+ */
+struct lu_object *lu_object_find_slice(const struct lu_env *env,
+                                      struct lu_device *dev,
+                                      const struct lu_fid *f,
+                                      const struct lu_object_conf *conf)
+{
+       struct lu_object *top;
+       struct lu_object *obj;
+
+       top = lu_object_find(env, dev, f, conf);
+       if (!IS_ERR(top)) {
+               obj = lu_object_locate(top->lo_header, dev->ld_type);
+               if (obj == NULL)
+                       lu_object_put(env, top);
+       } else
+               obj = top;
+       return obj;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_find_slice);
+
+/**
+ * Global list of all device types.
+ */
+static LIST_HEAD(lu_device_types);
+
+int lu_device_type_init(struct lu_device_type *ldt)
+{
+       int result = 0;
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ldt->ldt_linkage);
+       if (ldt->ldt_ops->ldto_init)
+               result = ldt->ldt_ops->ldto_init(ldt);
+       if (result == 0)
+               list_add(&ldt->ldt_linkage, &lu_device_types);
+       return result;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_device_type_init);
+
+void lu_device_type_fini(struct lu_device_type *ldt)
+{
+       list_del_init(&ldt->ldt_linkage);
+       if (ldt->ldt_ops->ldto_fini)
+               ldt->ldt_ops->ldto_fini(ldt);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_device_type_fini);
+
+void lu_types_stop(void)
+{
+       struct lu_device_type *ldt;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(ldt, &lu_device_types, ldt_linkage) {
+               if (ldt->ldt_device_nr == 0 && ldt->ldt_ops->ldto_stop)
+                       ldt->ldt_ops->ldto_stop(ldt);
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_types_stop);
+
+/**
+ * Global list of all sites on this node
+ */
+static LIST_HEAD(lu_sites);
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(lu_sites_guard);
+
+/**
+ * Global environment used by site shrinker.
+ */
+static struct lu_env lu_shrink_env;
+
+struct lu_site_print_arg {
+       struct lu_env   *lsp_env;
+       void        *lsp_cookie;
+       lu_printer_t     lsp_printer;
+};
+
+static int
+lu_site_obj_print(struct cfs_hash *hs, struct cfs_hash_bd *bd,
+                 struct hlist_node *hnode, void *data)
+{
+       struct lu_site_print_arg *arg = (struct lu_site_print_arg *)data;
+       struct lu_object_header  *h;
+
+       h = hlist_entry(hnode, struct lu_object_header, loh_hash);
+       if (!list_empty(&h->loh_layers)) {
+               const struct lu_object *o;
+
+               o = lu_object_top(h);
+               lu_object_print(arg->lsp_env, arg->lsp_cookie,
+                               arg->lsp_printer, o);
+       } else {
+               lu_object_header_print(arg->lsp_env, arg->lsp_cookie,
+                                      arg->lsp_printer, h);
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Print all objects in \a s.
+ */
+void lu_site_print(const struct lu_env *env, struct lu_site *s, void *cookie,
+                  lu_printer_t printer)
+{
+       struct lu_site_print_arg arg = {
+               .lsp_env     = (struct lu_env *)env,
+               .lsp_cookie  = cookie,
+               .lsp_printer = printer,
+       };
+
+       cfs_hash_for_each(s->ls_obj_hash, lu_site_obj_print, &arg);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_site_print);
+
+enum {
+       LU_CACHE_PERCENT_MAX     = 50,
+       LU_CACHE_PERCENT_DEFAULT = 20
+};
+
+static unsigned int lu_cache_percent = LU_CACHE_PERCENT_DEFAULT;
+module_param(lu_cache_percent, int, 0644);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(lu_cache_percent, "Percentage of memory to be used as lu_object cache");
+
+/**
+ * Return desired hash table order.
+ */
+static int lu_htable_order(void)
+{
+       unsigned long cache_size;
+       int bits;
+
+       /*
+        * Calculate hash table size, assuming that we want reasonable
+        * performance when 20% of total memory is occupied by cache of
+        * lu_objects.
+        *
+        * Size of lu_object is (arbitrary) taken as 1K (together with inode).
+        */
+       cache_size = totalram_pages;
+
+#if BITS_PER_LONG == 32
+       /* limit hashtable size for lowmem systems to low RAM */
+       if (cache_size > 1 << (30 - PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT))
+               cache_size = 1 << (30 - PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT) * 3 / 4;
+#endif
+
+       /* clear off unreasonable cache setting. */
+       if (lu_cache_percent == 0 || lu_cache_percent > LU_CACHE_PERCENT_MAX) {
+               CWARN("obdclass: invalid lu_cache_percent: %u, it must be in the range of (0, %u]. Will use default value: %u.\n",
+                     lu_cache_percent, LU_CACHE_PERCENT_MAX,
+                     LU_CACHE_PERCENT_DEFAULT);
+
+               lu_cache_percent = LU_CACHE_PERCENT_DEFAULT;
+       }
+       cache_size = cache_size / 100 * lu_cache_percent *
+               (PAGE_CACHE_SIZE / 1024);
+
+       for (bits = 1; (1 << bits) < cache_size; ++bits) {
+               ;
+       }
+       return bits;
+}
+
+static unsigned lu_obj_hop_hash(struct cfs_hash *hs,
+                               const void *key, unsigned mask)
+{
+       struct lu_fid  *fid = (struct lu_fid *)key;
+       __u32      hash;
+
+       hash = fid_flatten32(fid);
+       hash += (hash >> 4) + (hash << 12); /* mixing oid and seq */
+       hash = hash_long(hash, hs->hs_bkt_bits);
+
+       /* give me another random factor */
+       hash -= hash_long((unsigned long)hs, fid_oid(fid) % 11 + 3);
+
+       hash <<= hs->hs_cur_bits - hs->hs_bkt_bits;
+       hash |= (fid_seq(fid) + fid_oid(fid)) & (CFS_HASH_NBKT(hs) - 1);
+
+       return hash & mask;
+}
+
+static void *lu_obj_hop_object(struct hlist_node *hnode)
+{
+       return hlist_entry(hnode, struct lu_object_header, loh_hash);
+}
+
+static void *lu_obj_hop_key(struct hlist_node *hnode)
+{
+       struct lu_object_header *h;
+
+       h = hlist_entry(hnode, struct lu_object_header, loh_hash);
+       return &h->loh_fid;
+}
+
+static int lu_obj_hop_keycmp(const void *key, struct hlist_node *hnode)
+{
+       struct lu_object_header *h;
+
+       h = hlist_entry(hnode, struct lu_object_header, loh_hash);
+       return lu_fid_eq(&h->loh_fid, (struct lu_fid *)key);
+}
+
+static void lu_obj_hop_get(struct cfs_hash *hs, struct hlist_node *hnode)
+{
+       struct lu_object_header *h;
+
+       h = hlist_entry(hnode, struct lu_object_header, loh_hash);
+       if (atomic_add_return(1, &h->loh_ref) == 1) {
+               struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+               struct cfs_hash_bd          bd;
+
+               cfs_hash_bd_get(hs, &h->loh_fid, &bd);
+               bkt = cfs_hash_bd_extra_get(hs, &bd);
+               bkt->lsb_busy++;
+       }
+}
+
+static void lu_obj_hop_put_locked(struct cfs_hash *hs, struct hlist_node *hnode)
+{
+       LBUG(); /* we should never called it */
+}
+
+cfs_hash_ops_t lu_site_hash_ops = {
+       .hs_hash        = lu_obj_hop_hash,
+       .hs_key  = lu_obj_hop_key,
+       .hs_keycmp      = lu_obj_hop_keycmp,
+       .hs_object      = lu_obj_hop_object,
+       .hs_get  = lu_obj_hop_get,
+       .hs_put_locked  = lu_obj_hop_put_locked,
+};
+
+void lu_dev_add_linkage(struct lu_site *s, struct lu_device *d)
+{
+       spin_lock(&s->ls_ld_lock);
+       if (list_empty(&d->ld_linkage))
+               list_add(&d->ld_linkage, &s->ls_ld_linkage);
+       spin_unlock(&s->ls_ld_lock);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_dev_add_linkage);
+
+void lu_dev_del_linkage(struct lu_site *s, struct lu_device *d)
+{
+       spin_lock(&s->ls_ld_lock);
+       list_del_init(&d->ld_linkage);
+       spin_unlock(&s->ls_ld_lock);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_dev_del_linkage);
+
+/**
+ * Initialize site \a s, with \a d as the top level device.
+ */
+#define LU_SITE_BITS_MIN    12
+#define LU_SITE_BITS_MAX    24
+/**
+ * total 256 buckets, we don't want too many buckets because:
+ * - consume too much memory
+ * - avoid unbalanced LRU list
+ */
+#define LU_SITE_BKT_BITS    8
+
+int lu_site_init(struct lu_site *s, struct lu_device *top)
+{
+       struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+       struct cfs_hash_bd bd;
+       char name[16];
+       int bits;
+       int i;
+
+       memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
+       bits = lu_htable_order();
+       snprintf(name, 16, "lu_site_%s", top->ld_type->ldt_name);
+       for (bits = min(max(LU_SITE_BITS_MIN, bits), LU_SITE_BITS_MAX);
+            bits >= LU_SITE_BITS_MIN; bits--) {
+               s->ls_obj_hash = cfs_hash_create(name, bits, bits,
+                                                bits - LU_SITE_BKT_BITS,
+                                                sizeof(*bkt), 0, 0,
+                                                &lu_site_hash_ops,
+                                                CFS_HASH_SPIN_BKTLOCK |
+                                                CFS_HASH_NO_ITEMREF |
+                                                CFS_HASH_DEPTH |
+                                                CFS_HASH_ASSERT_EMPTY);
+               if (s->ls_obj_hash != NULL)
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       if (s->ls_obj_hash == NULL) {
+               CERROR("failed to create lu_site hash with bits: %d\n", bits);
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       }
+
+       cfs_hash_for_each_bucket(s->ls_obj_hash, &bd, i) {
+               bkt = cfs_hash_bd_extra_get(s->ls_obj_hash, &bd);
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bkt->lsb_lru);
+               init_waitqueue_head(&bkt->lsb_marche_funebre);
+       }
+
+       s->ls_stats = lprocfs_alloc_stats(LU_SS_LAST_STAT, 0);
+       if (s->ls_stats == NULL) {
+               cfs_hash_putref(s->ls_obj_hash);
+               s->ls_obj_hash = NULL;
+               return -ENOMEM;
+       }
+
+       lprocfs_counter_init(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CREATED,
+                            0, "created", "created");
+       lprocfs_counter_init(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_HIT,
+                            0, "cache_hit", "cache_hit");
+       lprocfs_counter_init(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_MISS,
+                            0, "cache_miss", "cache_miss");
+       lprocfs_counter_init(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_RACE,
+                            0, "cache_race", "cache_race");
+       lprocfs_counter_init(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_DEATH_RACE,
+                            0, "cache_death_race", "cache_death_race");
+       lprocfs_counter_init(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_LRU_PURGED,
+                            0, "lru_purged", "lru_purged");
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&s->ls_linkage);
+       s->ls_top_dev = top;
+       top->ld_site = s;
+       lu_device_get(top);
+       lu_ref_add(&top->ld_reference, "site-top", s);
+
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&s->ls_ld_linkage);
+       spin_lock_init(&s->ls_ld_lock);
+
+       lu_dev_add_linkage(s, top);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_site_init);
+
+/**
+ * Finalize \a s and release its resources.
+ */
+void lu_site_fini(struct lu_site *s)
+{
+       mutex_lock(&lu_sites_guard);
+       list_del_init(&s->ls_linkage);
+       mutex_unlock(&lu_sites_guard);
+
+       if (s->ls_obj_hash != NULL) {
+               cfs_hash_putref(s->ls_obj_hash);
+               s->ls_obj_hash = NULL;
+       }
+
+       if (s->ls_top_dev != NULL) {
+               s->ls_top_dev->ld_site = NULL;
+               lu_ref_del(&s->ls_top_dev->ld_reference, "site-top", s);
+               lu_device_put(s->ls_top_dev);
+               s->ls_top_dev = NULL;
+       }
+
+       if (s->ls_stats != NULL)
+               lprocfs_free_stats(&s->ls_stats);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_site_fini);
+
+/**
+ * Called when initialization of stack for this site is completed.
+ */
+int lu_site_init_finish(struct lu_site *s)
+{
+       int result;
+       mutex_lock(&lu_sites_guard);
+       result = lu_context_refill(&lu_shrink_env.le_ctx);
+       if (result == 0)
+               list_add(&s->ls_linkage, &lu_sites);
+       mutex_unlock(&lu_sites_guard);
+       return result;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_site_init_finish);
+
+/**
+ * Acquire additional reference on device \a d
+ */
+void lu_device_get(struct lu_device *d)
+{
+       atomic_inc(&d->ld_ref);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_device_get);
+
+/**
+ * Release reference on device \a d.
+ */
+void lu_device_put(struct lu_device *d)
+{
+       LASSERT(atomic_read(&d->ld_ref) > 0);
+       atomic_dec(&d->ld_ref);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_device_put);
+
+/**
+ * Initialize device \a d of type \a t.
+ */
+int lu_device_init(struct lu_device *d, struct lu_device_type *t)
+{
+       if (t->ldt_device_nr++ == 0 && t->ldt_ops->ldto_start != NULL)
+               t->ldt_ops->ldto_start(t);
+       memset(d, 0, sizeof(*d));
+       atomic_set(&d->ld_ref, 0);
+       d->ld_type = t;
+       lu_ref_init(&d->ld_reference);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&d->ld_linkage);
+       return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_device_init);
+
+/**
+ * Finalize device \a d.
+ */
+void lu_device_fini(struct lu_device *d)
+{
+       struct lu_device_type *t;
+
+       t = d->ld_type;
+       if (d->ld_obd != NULL) {
+               d->ld_obd->obd_lu_dev = NULL;
+               d->ld_obd = NULL;
+       }
+
+       lu_ref_fini(&d->ld_reference);
+       LASSERTF(atomic_read(&d->ld_ref) == 0,
+                "Refcount is %u\n", atomic_read(&d->ld_ref));
+       LASSERT(t->ldt_device_nr > 0);
+       if (--t->ldt_device_nr == 0 && t->ldt_ops->ldto_stop != NULL)
+               t->ldt_ops->ldto_stop(t);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_device_fini);
+
+/**
+ * Initialize object \a o that is part of compound object \a h and was created
+ * by device \a d.
+ */
+int lu_object_init(struct lu_object *o, struct lu_object_header *h,
+                  struct lu_device *d)
+{
+       memset(o, 0, sizeof(*o));
+       o->lo_header = h;
+       o->lo_dev = d;
+       lu_device_get(d);
+       lu_ref_add_at(&d->ld_reference, &o->lo_dev_ref, "lu_object", o);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&o->lo_linkage);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_init);
+
+/**
+ * Finalize object and release its resources.
+ */
+void lu_object_fini(struct lu_object *o)
+{
+       struct lu_device *dev = o->lo_dev;
+
+       LASSERT(list_empty(&o->lo_linkage));
+
+       if (dev != NULL) {
+               lu_ref_del_at(&dev->ld_reference, &o->lo_dev_ref,
+                             "lu_object", o);
+               lu_device_put(dev);
+               o->lo_dev = NULL;
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_fini);
+
+/**
+ * Add object \a o as first layer of compound object \a h
+ *
+ * This is typically called by the ->ldo_object_alloc() method of top-level
+ * device.
+ */
+void lu_object_add_top(struct lu_object_header *h, struct lu_object *o)
+{
+       list_move(&o->lo_linkage, &h->loh_layers);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_add_top);
+
+/**
+ * Add object \a o as a layer of compound object, going after \a before.
+ *
+ * This is typically called by the ->ldo_object_alloc() method of \a
+ * before->lo_dev.
+ */
+void lu_object_add(struct lu_object *before, struct lu_object *o)
+{
+       list_move(&o->lo_linkage, &before->lo_linkage);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_add);
+
+/**
+ * Initialize compound object.
+ */
+int lu_object_header_init(struct lu_object_header *h)
+{
+       memset(h, 0, sizeof(*h));
+       atomic_set(&h->loh_ref, 1);
+       INIT_HLIST_NODE(&h->loh_hash);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&h->loh_lru);
+       INIT_LIST_HEAD(&h->loh_layers);
+       lu_ref_init(&h->loh_reference);
+       return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_header_init);
+
+/**
+ * Finalize compound object.
+ */
+void lu_object_header_fini(struct lu_object_header *h)
+{
+       LASSERT(list_empty(&h->loh_layers));
+       LASSERT(list_empty(&h->loh_lru));
+       LASSERT(hlist_unhashed(&h->loh_hash));
+       lu_ref_fini(&h->loh_reference);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_header_fini);
+
+/**
+ * Given a compound object, find its slice, corresponding to the device type
+ * \a dtype.
+ */
+struct lu_object *lu_object_locate(struct lu_object_header *h,
+                                  const struct lu_device_type *dtype)
+{
+       struct lu_object *o;
+
+       list_for_each_entry(o, &h->loh_layers, lo_linkage) {
+               if (o->lo_dev->ld_type == dtype)
+                       return o;
+       }
+       return NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_locate);
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Finalize and free devices in the device stack.
+ *
+ * Finalize device stack by purging object cache, and calling
+ * lu_device_type_operations::ldto_device_fini() and
+ * lu_device_type_operations::ldto_device_free() on all devices in the stack.
+ */
+void lu_stack_fini(const struct lu_env *env, struct lu_device *top)
+{
+       struct lu_site   *site = top->ld_site;
+       struct lu_device *scan;
+       struct lu_device *next;
+
+       lu_site_purge(env, site, ~0);
+       for (scan = top; scan != NULL; scan = next) {
+               next = scan->ld_type->ldt_ops->ldto_device_fini(env, scan);
+               lu_ref_del(&scan->ld_reference, "lu-stack", &lu_site_init);
+               lu_device_put(scan);
+       }
+
+       /* purge again. */
+       lu_site_purge(env, site, ~0);
+
+       for (scan = top; scan != NULL; scan = next) {
+               const struct lu_device_type *ldt = scan->ld_type;
+               struct obd_type      *type;
+
+               next = ldt->ldt_ops->ldto_device_free(env, scan);
+               type = ldt->ldt_obd_type;
+               if (type != NULL) {
+                       type->typ_refcnt--;
+                       class_put_type(type);
+               }
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_stack_fini);
+
+enum {
+       /**
+        * Maximal number of tld slots.
+        */
+       LU_CONTEXT_KEY_NR = 40
+};
+
+static struct lu_context_key *lu_keys[LU_CONTEXT_KEY_NR] = { NULL, };
+
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(lu_keys_guard);
+
+/**
+ * Global counter incremented whenever key is registered, unregistered,
+ * revived or quiesced. This is used to void unnecessary calls to
+ * lu_context_refill(). No locking is provided, as initialization and shutdown
+ * are supposed to be externally serialized.
+ */
+static unsigned key_set_version;
+
+/**
+ * Register new key.
+ */
+int lu_context_key_register(struct lu_context_key *key)
+{
+       int result;
+       int i;
+
+       LASSERT(key->lct_init != NULL);
+       LASSERT(key->lct_fini != NULL);
+       LASSERT(key->lct_tags != 0);
+
+       result = -ENFILE;
+       spin_lock(&lu_keys_guard);
+       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lu_keys); ++i) {
+               if (lu_keys[i] == NULL) {
+                       key->lct_index = i;
+                       atomic_set(&key->lct_used, 1);
+                       lu_keys[i] = key;
+                       lu_ref_init(&key->lct_reference);
+                       result = 0;
+                       ++key_set_version;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       spin_unlock(&lu_keys_guard);
+       return result;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_key_register);
+
+static void key_fini(struct lu_context *ctx, int index)
+{
+       if (ctx->lc_value != NULL && ctx->lc_value[index] != NULL) {
+               struct lu_context_key *key;
+
+               key = lu_keys[index];
+               LASSERT(key != NULL);
+               LASSERT(key->lct_fini != NULL);
+               LASSERT(atomic_read(&key->lct_used) > 1);
+
+               key->lct_fini(ctx, key, ctx->lc_value[index]);
+               lu_ref_del(&key->lct_reference, "ctx", ctx);
+               atomic_dec(&key->lct_used);
+
+               if ((ctx->lc_tags & LCT_NOREF) == 0) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD
+                       LINVRNT(module_refcount(key->lct_owner) > 0);
+#endif
+                       module_put(key->lct_owner);
+               }
+               ctx->lc_value[index] = NULL;
+       }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Deregister key.
+ */
+void lu_context_key_degister(struct lu_context_key *key)
+{
+       LASSERT(atomic_read(&key->lct_used) >= 1);
+       LINVRNT(0 <= key->lct_index && key->lct_index < ARRAY_SIZE(lu_keys));
+
+       lu_context_key_quiesce(key);
+
+       ++key_set_version;
+       spin_lock(&lu_keys_guard);
+       key_fini(&lu_shrink_env.le_ctx, key->lct_index);
+       if (lu_keys[key->lct_index]) {
+               lu_keys[key->lct_index] = NULL;
+               lu_ref_fini(&key->lct_reference);
+       }
+       spin_unlock(&lu_keys_guard);
+
+       LASSERTF(atomic_read(&key->lct_used) == 1,
+                "key has instances: %d\n",
+                atomic_read(&key->lct_used));
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_key_degister);
+
+/**
+ * Register a number of keys. This has to be called after all keys have been
+ * initialized by a call to LU_CONTEXT_KEY_INIT().
+ */
+int lu_context_key_register_many(struct lu_context_key *k, ...)
+{
+       struct lu_context_key *key = k;
+       va_list args;
+       int result;
+
+       va_start(args, k);
+       do {
+               result = lu_context_key_register(key);
+               if (result)
+                       break;
+               key = va_arg(args, struct lu_context_key *);
+       } while (key != NULL);
+       va_end(args);
+
+       if (result != 0) {
+               va_start(args, k);
+               while (k != key) {
+                       lu_context_key_degister(k);
+                       k = va_arg(args, struct lu_context_key *);
+               }
+               va_end(args);
+       }
+
+       return result;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_key_register_many);
+
+/**
+ * De-register a number of keys. This is a dual to
+ * lu_context_key_register_many().
+ */
+void lu_context_key_degister_many(struct lu_context_key *k, ...)
+{
+       va_list args;
+
+       va_start(args, k);
+       do {
+               lu_context_key_degister(k);
+               k = va_arg(args, struct lu_context_key*);
+       } while (k != NULL);
+       va_end(args);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_key_degister_many);
+
+/**
+ * Revive a number of keys.
+ */
+void lu_context_key_revive_many(struct lu_context_key *k, ...)
+{
+       va_list args;
+
+       va_start(args, k);
+       do {
+               lu_context_key_revive(k);
+               k = va_arg(args, struct lu_context_key*);
+       } while (k != NULL);
+       va_end(args);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_key_revive_many);
+
+/**
+ * Quiescent a number of keys.
+ */
+void lu_context_key_quiesce_many(struct lu_context_key *k, ...)
+{
+       va_list args;
+
+       va_start(args, k);
+       do {
+               lu_context_key_quiesce(k);
+               k = va_arg(args, struct lu_context_key*);
+       } while (k != NULL);
+       va_end(args);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_key_quiesce_many);
+
+/**
+ * Return value associated with key \a key in context \a ctx.
+ */
+void *lu_context_key_get(const struct lu_context *ctx,
+                        const struct lu_context_key *key)
+{
+       LINVRNT(ctx->lc_state == LCS_ENTERED);
+       LINVRNT(0 <= key->lct_index && key->lct_index < ARRAY_SIZE(lu_keys));
+       LASSERT(lu_keys[key->lct_index] == key);
+       return ctx->lc_value[key->lct_index];
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_key_get);
+
+/**
+ * List of remembered contexts. XXX document me.
+ */
+static LIST_HEAD(lu_context_remembered);
+
+/**
+ * Destroy \a key in all remembered contexts. This is used to destroy key
+ * values in "shared" contexts (like service threads), when a module owning
+ * the key is about to be unloaded.
+ */
+void lu_context_key_quiesce(struct lu_context_key *key)
+{
+       struct lu_context *ctx;
+
+       if (!(key->lct_tags & LCT_QUIESCENT)) {
+               /*
+                * XXX layering violation.
+                */
+               key->lct_tags |= LCT_QUIESCENT;
+               /*
+                * XXX memory barrier has to go here.
+                */
+               spin_lock(&lu_keys_guard);
+               list_for_each_entry(ctx, &lu_context_remembered,
+                                       lc_remember)
+                       key_fini(ctx, key->lct_index);
+               spin_unlock(&lu_keys_guard);
+               ++key_set_version;
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_key_quiesce);
+
+void lu_context_key_revive(struct lu_context_key *key)
+{
+       key->lct_tags &= ~LCT_QUIESCENT;
+       ++key_set_version;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_key_revive);
+
+static void keys_fini(struct lu_context *ctx)
+{
+       int     i;
+
+       if (ctx->lc_value == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lu_keys); ++i)
+               key_fini(ctx, i);
+
+       OBD_FREE(ctx->lc_value, ARRAY_SIZE(lu_keys) * sizeof(ctx->lc_value[0]));
+       ctx->lc_value = NULL;
+}
+
+static int keys_fill(struct lu_context *ctx)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       LINVRNT(ctx->lc_value != NULL);
+       for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lu_keys); ++i) {
+               struct lu_context_key *key;
+
+               key = lu_keys[i];
+               if (ctx->lc_value[i] == NULL && key != NULL &&
+                   (key->lct_tags & ctx->lc_tags) &&
+                   /*
+                    * Don't create values for a LCT_QUIESCENT key, as this
+                    * will pin module owning a key.
+                    */
+                   !(key->lct_tags & LCT_QUIESCENT)) {
+                       void *value;
+
+                       LINVRNT(key->lct_init != NULL);
+                       LINVRNT(key->lct_index == i);
+
+                       value = key->lct_init(ctx, key);
+                       if (unlikely(IS_ERR(value)))
+                               return PTR_ERR(value);
+
+                       if (!(ctx->lc_tags & LCT_NOREF))
+                               try_module_get(key->lct_owner);
+                       lu_ref_add_atomic(&key->lct_reference, "ctx", ctx);
+                       atomic_inc(&key->lct_used);
+                       /*
+                        * This is the only place in the code, where an
+                        * element of ctx->lc_value[] array is set to non-NULL
+                        * value.
+                        */
+                       ctx->lc_value[i] = value;
+                       if (key->lct_exit != NULL)
+                               ctx->lc_tags |= LCT_HAS_EXIT;
+               }
+               ctx->lc_version = key_set_version;
+       }
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static int keys_init(struct lu_context *ctx)
+{
+       OBD_ALLOC(ctx->lc_value,
+                 ARRAY_SIZE(lu_keys) * sizeof(ctx->lc_value[0]));
+       if (likely(ctx->lc_value != NULL))
+               return keys_fill(ctx);
+
+       return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Initialize context data-structure. Create values for all keys.
+ */
+int lu_context_init(struct lu_context *ctx, __u32 tags)
+{
+       int     rc;
+
+       memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(*ctx));
+       ctx->lc_state = LCS_INITIALIZED;
+       ctx->lc_tags = tags;
+       if (tags & LCT_REMEMBER) {
+               spin_lock(&lu_keys_guard);
+               list_add(&ctx->lc_remember, &lu_context_remembered);
+               spin_unlock(&lu_keys_guard);
+       } else {
+               INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ctx->lc_remember);
+       }
+
+       rc = keys_init(ctx);
+       if (rc != 0)
+               lu_context_fini(ctx);
+
+       return rc;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_init);
+
+/**
+ * Finalize context data-structure. Destroy key values.
+ */
+void lu_context_fini(struct lu_context *ctx)
+{
+       LINVRNT(ctx->lc_state == LCS_INITIALIZED || ctx->lc_state == LCS_LEFT);
+       ctx->lc_state = LCS_FINALIZED;
+
+       if ((ctx->lc_tags & LCT_REMEMBER) == 0) {
+               LASSERT(list_empty(&ctx->lc_remember));
+               keys_fini(ctx);
+
+       } else { /* could race with key degister */
+               spin_lock(&lu_keys_guard);
+               keys_fini(ctx);
+               list_del_init(&ctx->lc_remember);
+               spin_unlock(&lu_keys_guard);
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_fini);
+
+/**
+ * Called before entering context.
+ */
+void lu_context_enter(struct lu_context *ctx)
+{
+       LINVRNT(ctx->lc_state == LCS_INITIALIZED || ctx->lc_state == LCS_LEFT);
+       ctx->lc_state = LCS_ENTERED;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_enter);
+
+/**
+ * Called after exiting from \a ctx
+ */
+void lu_context_exit(struct lu_context *ctx)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       LINVRNT(ctx->lc_state == LCS_ENTERED);
+       ctx->lc_state = LCS_LEFT;
+       if (ctx->lc_tags & LCT_HAS_EXIT && ctx->lc_value != NULL) {
+               for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(lu_keys); ++i) {
+                       if (ctx->lc_value[i] != NULL) {
+                               struct lu_context_key *key;
+
+                               key = lu_keys[i];
+                               LASSERT(key != NULL);
+                               if (key->lct_exit != NULL)
+                                       key->lct_exit(ctx,
+                                                     key, ctx->lc_value[i]);
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_exit);
+
+/**
+ * Allocate for context all missing keys that were registered after context
+ * creation. key_set_version is only changed in rare cases when modules
+ * are loaded and removed.
+ */
+int lu_context_refill(struct lu_context *ctx)
+{
+       return likely(ctx->lc_version == key_set_version) ? 0 : keys_fill(ctx);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_refill);
+
+/**
+ * lu_ctx_tags/lu_ses_tags will be updated if there are new types of
+ * obd being added. Currently, this is only used on client side, specifically
+ * for echo device client, for other stack (like ptlrpc threads), context are
+ * predefined when the lu_device type are registered, during the module probe
+ * phase.
+ */
+__u32 lu_context_tags_default = 0;
+__u32 lu_session_tags_default = 0;
+
+void lu_context_tags_update(__u32 tags)
+{
+       spin_lock(&lu_keys_guard);
+       lu_context_tags_default |= tags;
+       key_set_version++;
+       spin_unlock(&lu_keys_guard);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_tags_update);
+
+void lu_context_tags_clear(__u32 tags)
+{
+       spin_lock(&lu_keys_guard);
+       lu_context_tags_default &= ~tags;
+       key_set_version++;
+       spin_unlock(&lu_keys_guard);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_context_tags_clear);
+
+void lu_session_tags_update(__u32 tags)
+{
+       spin_lock(&lu_keys_guard);
+       lu_session_tags_default |= tags;
+       key_set_version++;
+       spin_unlock(&lu_keys_guard);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_session_tags_update);
+
+void lu_session_tags_clear(__u32 tags)
+{
+       spin_lock(&lu_keys_guard);
+       lu_session_tags_default &= ~tags;
+       key_set_version++;
+       spin_unlock(&lu_keys_guard);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_session_tags_clear);
+
+int lu_env_init(struct lu_env *env, __u32 tags)
+{
+       int result;
+
+       env->le_ses = NULL;
+       result = lu_context_init(&env->le_ctx, tags);
+       if (likely(result == 0))
+               lu_context_enter(&env->le_ctx);
+       return result;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_env_init);
+
+void lu_env_fini(struct lu_env *env)
+{
+       lu_context_exit(&env->le_ctx);
+       lu_context_fini(&env->le_ctx);
+       env->le_ses = NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_env_fini);
+
+int lu_env_refill(struct lu_env *env)
+{
+       int result;
+
+       result = lu_context_refill(&env->le_ctx);
+       if (result == 0 && env->le_ses != NULL)
+               result = lu_context_refill(env->le_ses);
+       return result;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_env_refill);
+
+/**
+ * Currently, this API will only be used by echo client.
+ * Because echo client and normal lustre client will share
+ * same cl_env cache. So echo client needs to refresh
+ * the env context after it get one from the cache, especially
+ * when normal client and echo client co-exist in the same client.
+ */
+int lu_env_refill_by_tags(struct lu_env *env, __u32 ctags,
+                         __u32 stags)
+{
+       if ((env->le_ctx.lc_tags & ctags) != ctags) {
+               env->le_ctx.lc_version = 0;
+               env->le_ctx.lc_tags |= ctags;
+       }
+
+       if (env->le_ses && (env->le_ses->lc_tags & stags) != stags) {
+               env->le_ses->lc_version = 0;
+               env->le_ses->lc_tags |= stags;
+       }
+
+       return lu_env_refill(env);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_env_refill_by_tags);
+
+
+typedef struct lu_site_stats{
+       unsigned        lss_populated;
+       unsigned        lss_max_search;
+       unsigned        lss_total;
+       unsigned        lss_busy;
+} lu_site_stats_t;
+
+static void lu_site_stats_get(struct cfs_hash *hs,
+                             lu_site_stats_t *stats, int populated)
+{
+       struct cfs_hash_bd bd;
+       int        i;
+
+       cfs_hash_for_each_bucket(hs, &bd, i) {
+               struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt = cfs_hash_bd_extra_get(hs, &bd);
+               struct hlist_head       *hhead;
+
+               cfs_hash_bd_lock(hs, &bd, 1);
+               stats->lss_busy  += bkt->lsb_busy;
+               stats->lss_total += cfs_hash_bd_count_get(&bd);
+               stats->lss_max_search = max((int)stats->lss_max_search,
+                                           cfs_hash_bd_depmax_get(&bd));
+               if (!populated) {
+                       cfs_hash_bd_unlock(hs, &bd, 1);
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               cfs_hash_bd_for_each_hlist(hs, &bd, hhead) {
+                       if (!hlist_empty(hhead))
+                               stats->lss_populated++;
+               }
+               cfs_hash_bd_unlock(hs, &bd, 1);
+       }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * There exists a potential lock inversion deadlock scenario when using
+ * Lustre on top of ZFS. This occurs between one of ZFS's
+ * buf_hash_table.ht_lock's, and Lustre's lu_sites_guard lock. Essentially,
+ * thread A will take the lu_sites_guard lock and sleep on the ht_lock,
+ * while thread B will take the ht_lock and sleep on the lu_sites_guard
+ * lock. Obviously neither thread will wake and drop their respective hold
+ * on their lock.
+ *
+ * To prevent this from happening we must ensure the lu_sites_guard lock is
+ * not taken while down this code path. ZFS reliably does not set the
+ * __GFP_FS bit in its code paths, so this can be used to determine if it
+ * is safe to take the lu_sites_guard lock.
+ *
+ * Ideally we should accurately return the remaining number of cached
+ * objects without taking the  lu_sites_guard lock, but this is not
+ * possible in the current implementation.
+ */
+static unsigned long lu_cache_shrink_count(struct shrinker *sk,
+                                          struct shrink_control *sc)
+{
+       lu_site_stats_t stats;
+       struct lu_site *s;
+       struct lu_site *tmp;
+       unsigned long cached = 0;
+
+       if (!(sc->gfp_mask & __GFP_FS))
+               return 0;
+
+       mutex_lock(&lu_sites_guard);
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(s, tmp, &lu_sites, ls_linkage) {
+               memset(&stats, 0, sizeof(stats));
+               lu_site_stats_get(s->ls_obj_hash, &stats, 0);
+               cached += stats.lss_total - stats.lss_busy;
+       }
+       mutex_unlock(&lu_sites_guard);
+
+       cached = (cached / 100) * sysctl_vfs_cache_pressure;
+       CDEBUG(D_INODE, "%ld objects cached\n", cached);
+       return cached;
+}
+
+static unsigned long lu_cache_shrink_scan(struct shrinker *sk,
+                                         struct shrink_control *sc)
+{
+       struct lu_site *s;
+       struct lu_site *tmp;
+       unsigned long remain = sc->nr_to_scan, freed = 0;
+       LIST_HEAD(splice);
+
+       if (!(sc->gfp_mask & __GFP_FS))
+               /* We must not take the lu_sites_guard lock when
+                * __GFP_FS is *not* set because of the deadlock
+                * possibility detailed above. Additionally,
+                * since we cannot determine the number of
+                * objects in the cache without taking this
+                * lock, we're in a particularly tough spot. As
+                * a result, we'll just lie and say our cache is
+                * empty. This _should_ be ok, as we can't
+                * reclaim objects when __GFP_FS is *not* set
+                * anyways.
+                */
+               return SHRINK_STOP;
+
+       mutex_lock(&lu_sites_guard);
+       list_for_each_entry_safe(s, tmp, &lu_sites, ls_linkage) {
+               freed = lu_site_purge(&lu_shrink_env, s, remain);
+               remain -= freed;
+               /*
+                * Move just shrunk site to the tail of site list to
+                * assure shrinking fairness.
+                */
+               list_move_tail(&s->ls_linkage, &splice);
+       }
+       list_splice(&splice, lu_sites.prev);
+       mutex_unlock(&lu_sites_guard);
+
+       return sc->nr_to_scan - remain;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Debugging stuff.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Environment to be used in debugger, contains all tags.
+ */
+struct lu_env lu_debugging_env;
+
+/**
+ * Debugging printer function using printk().
+ */
+int lu_printk_printer(const struct lu_env *env,
+                     void *unused, const char *format, ...)
+{
+       va_list args;
+
+       va_start(args, format);
+       vprintk(format, args);
+       va_end(args);
+       return 0;
+}
+
+static struct shrinker lu_site_shrinker = {
+       .count_objects  = lu_cache_shrink_count,
+       .scan_objects   = lu_cache_shrink_scan,
+       .seeks          = DEFAULT_SEEKS,
+};
+
+/**
+ * Initialization of global lu_* data.
+ */
+int lu_global_init(void)
+{
+       int result;
+
+       CDEBUG(D_INFO, "Lustre LU module (%p).\n", &lu_keys);
+
+       result = lu_ref_global_init();
+       if (result != 0)
+               return result;
+
+       LU_CONTEXT_KEY_INIT(&lu_global_key);
+       result = lu_context_key_register(&lu_global_key);
+       if (result != 0)
+               return result;
+
+       /*
+        * At this level, we don't know what tags are needed, so allocate them
+        * conservatively. This should not be too bad, because this
+        * environment is global.
+        */
+       mutex_lock(&lu_sites_guard);
+       result = lu_env_init(&lu_shrink_env, LCT_SHRINKER);
+       mutex_unlock(&lu_sites_guard);
+       if (result != 0)
+               return result;
+
+       /*
+        * seeks estimation: 3 seeks to read a record from oi, one to read
+        * inode, one for ea. Unfortunately setting this high value results in
+        * lu_object/inode cache consuming all the memory.
+        */
+       register_shrinker(&lu_site_shrinker);
+
+       return result;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Dual to lu_global_init().
+ */
+void lu_global_fini(void)
+{
+       unregister_shrinker(&lu_site_shrinker);
+       lu_context_key_degister(&lu_global_key);
+
+       /*
+        * Tear shrinker environment down _after_ de-registering
+        * lu_global_key, because the latter has a value in the former.
+        */
+       mutex_lock(&lu_sites_guard);
+       lu_env_fini(&lu_shrink_env);
+       mutex_unlock(&lu_sites_guard);
+
+       lu_ref_global_fini();
+}
+
+static __u32 ls_stats_read(struct lprocfs_stats *stats, int idx)
+{
+#if defined (CONFIG_PROC_FS)
+       struct lprocfs_counter ret;
+
+       lprocfs_stats_collect(stats, idx, &ret);
+       return (__u32)ret.lc_count;
+#else
+       return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * Output site statistical counters into a buffer. Suitable for
+ * lprocfs_rd_*()-style functions.
+ */
+int lu_site_stats_print(const struct lu_site *s, struct seq_file *m)
+{
+       lu_site_stats_t stats;
+
+       memset(&stats, 0, sizeof(stats));
+       lu_site_stats_get(s->ls_obj_hash, &stats, 1);
+
+       seq_printf(m, "%d/%d %d/%d %d %d %d %d %d %d %d\n",
+                  stats.lss_busy,
+                  stats.lss_total,
+                  stats.lss_populated,
+                  CFS_HASH_NHLIST(s->ls_obj_hash),
+                  stats.lss_max_search,
+                  ls_stats_read(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CREATED),
+                  ls_stats_read(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_HIT),
+                  ls_stats_read(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_MISS),
+                  ls_stats_read(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_RACE),
+                  ls_stats_read(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_CACHE_DEATH_RACE),
+                  ls_stats_read(s->ls_stats, LU_SS_LRU_PURGED));
+       return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_site_stats_print);
+
+/**
+ * Helper function to initialize a number of kmem slab caches at once.
+ */
+int lu_kmem_init(struct lu_kmem_descr *caches)
+{
+       int result;
+       struct lu_kmem_descr *iter = caches;
+
+       for (result = 0; iter->ckd_cache != NULL; ++iter) {
+               *iter->ckd_cache = kmem_cache_create(iter->ckd_name,
+                                                       iter->ckd_size,
+                                                       0, 0, NULL);
+               if (*iter->ckd_cache == NULL) {
+                       result = -ENOMEM;
+                       /* free all previously allocated caches */
+                       lu_kmem_fini(caches);
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       return result;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_kmem_init);
+
+/**
+ * Helper function to finalize a number of kmem slab cached at once. Dual to
+ * lu_kmem_init().
+ */
+void lu_kmem_fini(struct lu_kmem_descr *caches)
+{
+       for (; caches->ckd_cache != NULL; ++caches) {
+               if (*caches->ckd_cache != NULL) {
+                       kmem_cache_destroy(*caches->ckd_cache);
+                       *caches->ckd_cache = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_kmem_fini);
+
+/**
+ * Temporary solution to be able to assign fid in ->do_create()
+ * till we have fully-functional OST fids
+ */
+void lu_object_assign_fid(const struct lu_env *env, struct lu_object *o,
+                         const struct lu_fid *fid)
+{
+       struct lu_site          *s = o->lo_dev->ld_site;
+       struct lu_fid           *old = &o->lo_header->loh_fid;
+       struct lu_site_bkt_data *bkt;
+       struct lu_object        *shadow;
+       wait_queue_t             waiter;
+       struct cfs_hash         *hs;
+       struct cfs_hash_bd       bd;
+       __u64                    version = 0;
+
+       LASSERT(fid_is_zero(old));
+
+       hs = s->ls_obj_hash;
+       cfs_hash_bd_get_and_lock(hs, (void *)fid, &bd, 1);
+       shadow = htable_lookup(s, &bd, fid, &waiter, &version);
+       /* supposed to be unique */
+       LASSERT(IS_ERR(shadow) && PTR_ERR(shadow) == -ENOENT);
+       *old = *fid;
+       bkt = cfs_hash_bd_extra_get(hs, &bd);
+       cfs_hash_bd_add_locked(hs, &bd, &o->lo_header->loh_hash);
+       bkt->lsb_busy++;
+       cfs_hash_bd_unlock(hs, &bd, 1);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_assign_fid);
+
+/**
+ * allocates object with 0 (non-assigned) fid
+ * XXX: temporary solution to be able to assign fid in ->do_create()
+ *      till we have fully-functional OST fids
+ */
+struct lu_object *lu_object_anon(const struct lu_env *env,
+                                struct lu_device *dev,
+                                const struct lu_object_conf *conf)
+{
+       struct lu_fid     fid;
+       struct lu_object *o;
+
+       fid_zero(&fid);
+       o = lu_object_alloc(env, dev, &fid, conf);
+
+       return o;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_object_anon);
+
+struct lu_buf LU_BUF_NULL = {
+       .lb_buf = NULL,
+       .lb_len = 0
+};
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(LU_BUF_NULL);
+
+void lu_buf_free(struct lu_buf *buf)
+{
+       LASSERT(buf);
+       if (buf->lb_buf) {
+               LASSERT(buf->lb_len > 0);
+               OBD_FREE_LARGE(buf->lb_buf, buf->lb_len);
+               buf->lb_buf = NULL;
+               buf->lb_len = 0;
+       }
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_buf_free);
+
+void lu_buf_alloc(struct lu_buf *buf, int size)
+{
+       LASSERT(buf);
+       LASSERT(buf->lb_buf == NULL);
+       LASSERT(buf->lb_len == 0);
+       OBD_ALLOC_LARGE(buf->lb_buf, size);
+       if (likely(buf->lb_buf))
+               buf->lb_len = size;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_buf_alloc);
+
+void lu_buf_realloc(struct lu_buf *buf, int size)
+{
+       lu_buf_free(buf);
+       lu_buf_alloc(buf, size);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_buf_realloc);
+
+struct lu_buf *lu_buf_check_and_alloc(struct lu_buf *buf, int len)
+{
+       if (buf->lb_buf == NULL && buf->lb_len == 0)
+               lu_buf_alloc(buf, len);
+
+       if ((len > buf->lb_len) && (buf->lb_buf != NULL))
+               lu_buf_realloc(buf, len);
+
+       return buf;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_buf_check_and_alloc);
+
+/**
+ * Increase the size of the \a buf.
+ * preserves old data in buffer
+ * old buffer remains unchanged on error
+ * \retval 0 or -ENOMEM
+ */
+int lu_buf_check_and_grow(struct lu_buf *buf, int len)
+{
+       char *ptr;
+
+       if (len <= buf->lb_len)
+               return 0;
+
+       OBD_ALLOC_LARGE(ptr, len);
+       if (ptr == NULL)
+               return -ENOMEM;
+
+       /* Free the old buf */
+       if (buf->lb_buf != NULL) {
+               memcpy(ptr, buf->lb_buf, buf->lb_len);
+               OBD_FREE_LARGE(buf->lb_buf, buf->lb_len);
+       }
+
+       buf->lb_buf = ptr;
+       buf->lb_len = len;
+       return 0;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(lu_buf_check_and_grow);