--- /dev/null
+Userspace communication protocol over connector [1].
+
+
+Message types.
+=============
+
+There are three types of messages between w1 core and userspace:
+1. Events. They are generated each time a new master or slave device
+ is found either due to automatic or requested search.
+2. Userspace commands.
+3. Replies to userspace commands.
+
+
+Protocol.
+========
+
+[struct cn_msg] - connector header.
+ Its length field is equal to size of the attached data
+[struct w1_netlink_msg] - w1 netlink header.
+ __u8 type - message type.
+ W1_LIST_MASTERS
+ list current bus masters
+ W1_SLAVE_ADD/W1_SLAVE_REMOVE
+ slave add/remove events
+ W1_MASTER_ADD/W1_MASTER_REMOVE
+ master add/remove events
+ W1_MASTER_CMD
+ userspace command for bus master
+ device (search/alarm search)
+ W1_SLAVE_CMD
+ userspace command for slave device
+ (read/write/touch)
+ __u8 status - error indication from kernel
+ __u16 len - size of data attached to this header data
+ union {
+ __u8 id[8]; - slave unique device id
+ struct w1_mst {
+ __u32 id; - master's id
+ __u32 res; - reserved
+ } mst;
+ } id;
+
+[struct w1_netlink_cmd] - command for given master or slave device.
+ __u8 cmd - command opcode.
+ W1_CMD_READ - read command
+ W1_CMD_WRITE - write command
+ W1_CMD_SEARCH - search command
+ W1_CMD_ALARM_SEARCH - alarm search command
+ W1_CMD_TOUCH - touch command
+ (write and sample data back to userspace)
+ W1_CMD_RESET - send bus reset
+ W1_CMD_SLAVE_ADD - add slave to kernel list
+ W1_CMD_SLAVE_REMOVE - remove slave from kernel list
+ W1_CMD_LIST_SLAVES - get slaves list from kernel
+ __u8 res - reserved
+ __u16 len - length of data for this command
+ For read command data must be allocated like for write command
+ __u8 data[0] - data for this command
+
+
+Each connector message can include one or more w1_netlink_msg with
+zero or more attached w1_netlink_cmd messages.
+
+For event messages there are no w1_netlink_cmd embedded structures,
+only connector header and w1_netlink_msg strucutre with "len" field
+being zero and filled type (one of event types) and id:
+either 8 bytes of slave unique id in host order,
+or master's id, which is assigned to bus master device
+when it is added to w1 core.
+
+Currently replies to userspace commands are only generated for read
+command request. One reply is generated exactly for one w1_netlink_cmd
+read request. Replies are not combined when sent - i.e. typical reply
+messages looks like the following:
+
+[cn_msg][w1_netlink_msg][w1_netlink_cmd]
+cn_msg.len = sizeof(struct w1_netlink_msg) +
+ sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd) +
+ cmd->len;
+w1_netlink_msg.len = sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd) + cmd->len;
+w1_netlink_cmd.len = cmd->len;
+
+Replies to W1_LIST_MASTERS should send a message back to the userspace
+which will contain list of all registered master ids in the following
+format:
+
+ cn_msg (CN_W1_IDX.CN_W1_VAL as id, len is equal to sizeof(struct
+ w1_netlink_msg) plus number of masters multiplied by 4)
+ w1_netlink_msg (type: W1_LIST_MASTERS, len is equal to
+ number of masters multiplied by 4 (u32 size))
+ id0 ... idN
+
+ Each message is at most 4k in size, so if number of master devices
+ exceeds this, it will be split into several messages.
+
+W1 search and alarm search commands.
+request:
+[cn_msg]
+ [w1_netlink_msg type = W1_MASTER_CMD
+ id is equal to the bus master id to use for searching]
+ [w1_netlink_cmd cmd = W1_CMD_SEARCH or W1_CMD_ALARM_SEARCH]
+
+reply:
+ [cn_msg, ack = 1 and increasing, 0 means the last message,
+ seq is equal to the request seq]
+ [w1_netlink_msg type = W1_MASTER_CMD]
+ [w1_netlink_cmd cmd = W1_CMD_SEARCH or W1_CMD_ALARM_SEARCH
+ len is equal to number of IDs multiplied by 8]
+ [64bit-id0 ... 64bit-idN]
+Length in each header corresponds to the size of the data behind it, so
+w1_netlink_cmd->len = N * 8; where N is number of IDs in this message.
+ Can be zero.
+w1_netlink_msg->len = sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd) + N * 8;
+cn_msg->len = sizeof(struct w1_netlink_msg) +
+ sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd) +
+ N*8;
+
+W1 reset command.
+[cn_msg]
+ [w1_netlink_msg type = W1_MASTER_CMD
+ id is equal to the bus master id to use for searching]
+ [w1_netlink_cmd cmd = W1_CMD_RESET]
+
+
+Command status replies.
+======================
+
+Each command (either root, master or slave with or without w1_netlink_cmd
+structure) will be 'acked' by the w1 core. Format of the reply is the same
+as request message except that length parameters do not account for data
+requested by the user, i.e. read/write/touch IO requests will not contain
+data, so w1_netlink_cmd.len will be 0, w1_netlink_msg.len will be size
+of the w1_netlink_cmd structure and cn_msg.len will be equal to the sum
+of the sizeof(struct w1_netlink_msg) and sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd).
+If reply is generated for master or root command (which do not have
+w1_netlink_cmd attached), reply will contain only cn_msg and w1_netlink_msg
+structures.
+
+w1_netlink_msg.status field will carry positive error value
+(EINVAL for example) or zero in case of success.
+
+All other fields in every structure will mirror the same parameters in the
+request message (except lengths as described above).
+
+Status reply is generated for every w1_netlink_cmd embedded in the
+w1_netlink_msg, if there are no w1_netlink_cmd structures,
+reply will be generated for the w1_netlink_msg.
+
+All w1_netlink_cmd command structures are handled in every w1_netlink_msg,
+even if there were errors, only length mismatch interrupts message processing.
+
+
+Operation steps in w1 core when new command is received.
+=======================================================
+
+When new message (w1_netlink_msg) is received w1 core detects if it is
+master or slave request, according to w1_netlink_msg.type field.
+Then master or slave device is searched for.
+When found, master device (requested or those one on where slave device
+is found) is locked. If slave command is requested, then reset/select
+procedure is started to select given device.
+
+Then all requested in w1_netlink_msg operations are performed one by one.
+If command requires reply (like read command) it is sent on command completion.
+
+When all commands (w1_netlink_cmd) are processed master device is unlocked
+and next w1_netlink_msg header processing started.
+
+
+Connector [1] specific documentation.
+====================================
+
+Each connector message includes two u32 fields as "address".
+w1 uses CN_W1_IDX and CN_W1_VAL defined in include/linux/connector.h header.
+Each message also includes sequence and acknowledge numbers.
+Sequence number for event messages is appropriate bus master sequence number
+increased with each event message sent "through" this master.
+Sequence number for userspace requests is set by userspace application.
+Sequence number for reply is the same as was in request, and
+acknowledge number is set to seq+1.
+
+
+Additional documantion, source code examples.
+============================================
+
+1. Documentation/connector
+2. http://www.ioremap.net/archive/w1
+This archive includes userspace application w1d.c which uses
+read/write/search commands for all master/slave devices found on the bus.
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