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21 <div id="page-content">
22 <div id="preamble"><h1>Apache Module mod_ldap</h1>
24 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_ldap.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
26 <table class="module"><tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>LDAP connection pooling and result caching services for use
27 by other LDAP modules</td></tr>
28 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
29 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#ModuleIdentifier">Module Identifier:</a></th><td>ldap_module</td></tr>
30 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#SourceFile">Source File:</a></th><td>util_ldap.c</td></tr>
31 <tr><th><a href="module-dict.html#Compatibility">Compatibility:</a></th><td>Available in version 2.0.41 and later</td></tr></table>
34 <p>This module was created to improve the performance of
35 websites relying on backend connections to LDAP servers. In
36 addition to the functions provided by the standard LDAP
37 libraries, this module adds an LDAP connection pool and an LDAP
38 shared memory cache.</p>
40 <p>To enable this module, LDAP support must be compiled into
41 apr-util. This is achieved by adding the <code>--with-ldap</code>
42 flag to the <code class="program"><a href="../programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> script when building
45 <p>SSL support requires that <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> be linked
46 with one of the following LDAP SDKs: <a href="http://www.openldap.org/">
47 OpenLDAP SDK</a> (both 1.x and 2.x), <a href="http://developer.novell.com/ndk/cldap.htm">
48 Novell LDAP SDK</a> or the <a href="http://www.iplanet.com/downloads/developer/">
49 iPlanet(Netscape)</a> SDK.</p>
52 <div id="quickview"><h3 class="directives">Directives</h3>
54 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapcacheentries">LDAPCacheEntries</a></li>
55 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapcachettl">LDAPCacheTTL</a></li>
56 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapconnectiontimeout">LDAPConnectionTimeout</a></li>
57 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapopcacheentries">LDAPOpCacheEntries</a></li>
58 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapopcachettl">LDAPOpCacheTTL</a></li>
59 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapsharedcachefile">LDAPSharedCacheFile</a></li>
60 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldapsharedcachesize">LDAPSharedCacheSize</a></li>
61 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldaptrustedca">LDAPTrustedCA</a></li>
62 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ldaptrustedcatype">LDAPTrustedCAType</a></li>
66 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#exampleconfig">Example Configuration</a></li>
67 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#pool">LDAP Connection Pool</a></li>
68 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#cache">LDAP Cache</a></li>
69 <li><img alt="" src="../images/down.gif" /> <a href="#usingssltls">Using SSL</a></li>
71 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
73 <h2><a name="exampleconfig" id="exampleconfig">Example Configuration</a></h2>
74 <p>The following is an example configuration that uses
75 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> to increase the performance of HTTP Basic
76 authentication provided by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_auth_ldap.html">mod_auth_ldap</a></code>.</p>
78 <div class="example"><p><code>
79 # Enable the LDAP connection pool and shared<br />
80 # memory cache. Enable the LDAP cache status<br />
81 # handler. Requires that mod_ldap and mod_auth_ldap<br />
82 # be loaded. Change the "yourdomain.example.com" to<br />
83 # match your domain.<br />
85 LDAPSharedCacheSize 200000<br />
86 LDAPCacheEntries 1024<br />
87 LDAPCacheTTL 600<br />
88 LDAPOpCacheEntries 1024<br />
89 LDAPOpCacheTTL 600<br />
91 <Location /ldap-status><br />
93 SetHandler ldap-status<br />
94 Order deny,allow<br />
96 Allow from yourdomain.example.com<br />
97 AuthLDAPEnabled on<br />
98 AuthLDAPURL ldap://127.0.0.1/dc=example,dc=com?uid?one<br />
99 AuthLDAPAuthoritative on<br />
100 Require valid-user<br />
104 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
105 <div class="section">
106 <h2><a name="pool" id="pool">LDAP Connection Pool</a></h2>
108 <p>LDAP connections are pooled from request to request. This
109 allows the LDAP server to remain connected and bound ready for
110 the next request, without the need to unbind/connect/rebind.
111 The performance advantages are similar to the effect of HTTP
114 <p>On a busy server it is possible that many requests will try
115 and access the same LDAP server connection simultaneously.
116 Where an LDAP connection is in use, Apache will create a new
117 connection alongside the original one. This ensures that the
118 connection pool does not become a bottleneck.</p>
120 <p>There is no need to manually enable connection pooling in
121 the Apache configuration. Any module using this module for
122 access to LDAP services will share the connection pool.</p>
123 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
124 <div class="section">
125 <h2><a name="cache" id="cache">LDAP Cache</a></h2>
127 <p>For improved performance, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> uses an aggressive
128 caching strategy to minimize the number of times that the LDAP
129 server must be contacted. Caching can easily double or triple
130 the throughput of Apache when it is serving pages protected
131 with mod_auth_ldap. In addition, the load on the LDAP server
132 will be significantly decreased.</p>
134 <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> supports two types of LDAP caching during
135 the search/bind phase with a <em>search/bind cache</em> and
136 during the compare phase with two <em>operation
137 caches</em>. Each LDAP URL that is used by the server has
138 its own set of these three caches.</p>
140 <h3><a name="search-bind" id="search-bind">The Search/Bind Cache</a></h3>
141 <p>The process of doing a search and then a bind is the
142 most time-consuming aspect of LDAP operation, especially if
143 the directory is large. The search/bind cache is used to
144 cache all searches that resulted in successful binds.
145 Negative results (<em>i.e.</em>, unsuccessful searches, or searches
146 that did not result in a successful bind) are not cached.
147 The rationale behind this decision is that connections with
148 invalid credentials are only a tiny percentage of the total
149 number of connections, so by not caching invalid
150 credentials, the size of the cache is reduced.</p>
152 <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> stores the username, the DN
153 retrieved, the password used to bind, and the time of the bind
154 in the cache. Whenever a new connection is initiated with the
155 same username, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> compares the password
156 of the new connection with the password in the cache. If the
157 passwords match, and if the cached entry is not too old,
158 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> bypasses the search/bind phase.</p>
160 <p>The search and bind cache is controlled with the <code class="directive"><a href="#ldapcacheentries">LDAPCacheEntries</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="#ldapcachettl">LDAPCacheTTL</a></code> directives.</p>
163 <h3><a name="opcaches" id="opcaches">Operation Caches</a></h3>
164 <p>During attribute and distinguished name comparison
165 functions, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> uses two operation caches
166 to cache the compare operations. The first compare cache is
167 used to cache the results of compares done to test for LDAP
168 group membership. The second compare cache is used to cache
169 the results of comparisons done between distinguished
172 <p>The behavior of both of these caches is controlled with
173 the <code class="directive"><a href="#ldapopcacheentries">LDAPOpCacheEntries</a></code>
174 and <code class="directive"><a href="#ldapopcachettl">LDAPOpCacheTTL</a></code>
178 <h3><a name="monitoring" id="monitoring">Monitoring the Cache</a></h3>
179 <p><code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> has a content handler that allows
180 administrators to monitor the cache performance. The name of
181 the content handler is <code>ldap-status</code>, so the
182 following directives could be used to access the
183 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> cache information:</p>
185 <div class="example"><p><code>
186 <Location /server/cache-info><br />
187 <span class="indent">
188 SetHandler ldap-status<br />
193 <p>By fetching the URL <code>http://servername/cache-info</code>,
194 the administrator can get a status report of every cache that is used
195 by <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> cache. Note that if Apache does not
196 support shared memory, then each <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code> instance has its
197 own cache, so reloading the URL will result in different
198 information each time, depending on which <code class="program"><a href="../programs/httpd.html">httpd</a></code>
199 instance processes the request.</p>
201 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
202 <div class="section">
203 <h2><a name="usingssltls" id="usingssltls">Using SSL</a></h2>
205 <p>The ability to create an SSL connections to an LDAP server
206 is defined by the directives <code class="directive"><a href="# ldaptrustedca">
207 LDAPTrustedCA</a></code> and <code class="directive"><a href="# ldaptrustedcatype">
208 LDAPTrustedCAType</a></code>. These directives specify the certificate
209 file or database and the certificate type. Whenever the LDAP url
210 includes <em>ldaps://</em>, <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> will establish
211 a secure connection to the LDAP server.</p>
213 <div class="example"><p><code>
214 # Establish an SSL LDAP connection. Requires that <br />
215 # mod_ldap and mod_auth_ldap be loaded. Change the <br />
216 # "yourdomain.example.com" to match your domain.<br />
218 LDAPTrustedCA /certs/certfile.der<br />
219 LDAPTrustedCAType DER_FILE<br />
221 <Location /ldap-status><br />
222 <span class="indent">
223 SetHandler ldap-status<br />
224 Order deny,allow<br />
226 Allow from yourdomain.example.com<br />
227 AuthLDAPEnabled on<br />
228 AuthLDAPURL ldaps://127.0.0.1/dc=example,dc=com?uid?one<br />
229 AuthLDAPAuthoritative on<br />
230 Require valid-user<br />
235 <p>If <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> is linked against the
236 Netscape/iPlanet LDAP SDK, it will not talk to any SSL server
237 unless that server has a certificate signed by a known Certificate
238 Authority. As part of the configuration
239 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> needs to be told where it can find
240 a database containing the known CAs. This database is in the same
241 format as Netscape Communicator's <code>cert7.db</code>
242 database. The easiest way to get this file is to start up a fresh
243 copy of Netscape, and grab the resulting
244 <code>$HOME/.netscape/cert7.db</code> file.</p>
247 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
248 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPCacheEntries" id="LDAPCacheEntries">LDAPCacheEntries</a> <a name="ldapcacheentries" id="ldapcacheentries">Directive</a></h2>
249 <table class="directive">
250 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Maximum number of entries in the primary LDAP cache</td></tr>
251 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPCacheEntries <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
252 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPCacheEntries 1024</code></td></tr>
253 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
254 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
255 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
257 <p>Specifies the maximum size of the primary LDAP cache. This
258 cache contains successful search/binds. Set it to 0 to turn off
259 search/bind caching. The default size is 1024 cached
263 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
264 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPCacheTTL" id="LDAPCacheTTL">LDAPCacheTTL</a> <a name="ldapcachettl" id="ldapcachettl">Directive</a></h2>
265 <table class="directive">
266 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Time that cached items remain valid</td></tr>
267 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPCacheTTL <var>seconds</var></code></td></tr>
268 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPCacheTTL 600</code></td></tr>
269 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
270 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
271 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
273 <p>Specifies the time (in seconds) that an item in the
274 search/bind cache remains valid. The default is 600 seconds (10
278 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
279 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPConnectionTimeout" id="LDAPConnectionTimeout">LDAPConnectionTimeout</a> <a name="ldapconnectiontimeout" id="ldapconnectiontimeout">Directive</a></h2>
280 <table class="directive">
281 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specifies the socket connection timeout in seconds</td></tr>
282 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPConnectionTimeout <var>seconds</var></code></td></tr>
283 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
284 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
285 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
287 <p>Specifies the timeout value (in seconds) in which the module will
288 attempt to connect to the LDAP server. If a connection is not
289 successful with the timeout period, either an error will be
290 returned or the module will attempt to connect to a secondary LDAP
291 server if one is specified. The default is 10 seconds.</p>
294 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
295 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPOpCacheEntries" id="LDAPOpCacheEntries">LDAPOpCacheEntries</a> <a name="ldapopcacheentries" id="ldapopcacheentries">Directive</a></h2>
296 <table class="directive">
297 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Number of entries used to cache LDAP compare
299 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPOpCacheEntries <var>number</var></code></td></tr>
300 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPOpCacheEntries 1024</code></td></tr>
301 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
302 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
303 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
305 <p>This specifies the number of entries <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code>
306 will use to cache LDAP compare operations. The default is 1024
307 entries. Setting it to 0 disables operation caching.</p>
310 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
311 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPOpCacheTTL" id="LDAPOpCacheTTL">LDAPOpCacheTTL</a> <a name="ldapopcachettl" id="ldapopcachettl">Directive</a></h2>
312 <table class="directive">
313 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Time that entries in the operation cache remain
315 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPOpCacheTTL <var>seconds</var></code></td></tr>
316 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPOpCacheTTL 600</code></td></tr>
317 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
318 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
319 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
321 <p>Specifies the time (in seconds) that entries in the
322 operation cache remain valid. The default is 600 seconds.</p>
325 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
326 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPSharedCacheFile" id="LDAPSharedCacheFile">LDAPSharedCacheFile</a> <a name="ldapsharedcachefile" id="ldapsharedcachefile">Directive</a></h2>
327 <table class="directive">
328 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the shared memory cache file</td></tr>
329 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPSharedCacheFile <var>directory-path/filename</var></code></td></tr>
330 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
331 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
332 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
334 <p>Specifies the directory path and file name of the shared memory
335 cache file. If not set, anonymous shared memory will be used if the
336 platform supports it.</p>
339 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
340 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPSharedCacheSize" id="LDAPSharedCacheSize">LDAPSharedCacheSize</a> <a name="ldapsharedcachesize" id="ldapsharedcachesize">Directive</a></h2>
341 <table class="directive">
342 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Size in bytes of the shared-memory cache</td></tr>
343 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPSharedCacheSize <var>bytes</var></code></td></tr>
344 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Default">Default:</a></th><td><code>LDAPSharedCacheSize 102400</code></td></tr>
345 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
346 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
347 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
349 <p>Specifies the number of bytes to allocate for the shared
350 memory cache. The default is 100kb. If set to 0, shared memory
351 caching will not be used.</p>
354 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
355 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPTrustedCA" id="LDAPTrustedCA">LDAPTrustedCA</a> <a name="ldaptrustedca" id="ldaptrustedca">Directive</a></h2>
356 <table class="directive">
357 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Sets the file containing the trusted Certificate Authority certificate or database</td></tr>
358 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPTrustedCA <var>directory-path/filename</var></code></td></tr>
359 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
360 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
361 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
363 <p>It specifies the directory path and file name of the trusted CA
364 <code class="module"><a href="../mod/mod_ldap.html">mod_ldap</a></code> should use when establishing an SSL
365 connection to an LDAP server. If using the Netscape/iPlanet Directory
366 SDK, the file name should be <code>cert7.db</code>.</p>
369 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="../images/up.gif" /></a></div>
370 <div class="directive-section"><h2><a name="LDAPTrustedCAType" id="LDAPTrustedCAType">LDAPTrustedCAType</a> <a name="ldaptrustedcatype" id="ldaptrustedcatype">Directive</a></h2>
371 <table class="directive">
372 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Description">Description:</a></th><td>Specifies the type of the Certificate Authority file</td></tr>
373 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Syntax">Syntax:</a></th><td><code>LDAPTrustedCAType <var>type</var></code></td></tr>
374 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Context">Context:</a></th><td>server config</td></tr>
375 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Status">Status:</a></th><td>Experimental</td></tr>
376 <tr><th><a href="directive-dict.html#Module">Module:</a></th><td>mod_ldap</td></tr>
378 <p>The following types are supported:<br />
379 DER_FILE - file in binary DER format<br />
380 BASE64_FILE - file in Base64 format<br />
381 CERT7_DB_PATH - Netscape certificate database file ")</p>
385 <div class="bottomlang">
386 <p><span>Available Languages: </span><a href="../en/mod/mod_ldap.html" title="English"> en </a></p>
387 </div><div id="footer">
388 <p class="apache">Copyright 2009 The Apache Software Foundation.<br />Licensed under the <a href="http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache License, Version 2.0</a>.</p>
389 <p class="menu"><a href="../mod/">Modules</a> | <a href="../mod/directives.html">Directives</a> | <a href="../faq/">FAQ</a> | <a href="../glossary.html">Glossary</a> | <a href="../sitemap.html">Sitemap</a></p></div>