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15 <p class="apache">Apache HTTP Server Version 2.0</p>
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17 <div class="up"><a href="./"><img title="<-" alt="<-" src="./images/left.gif" /></a></div>
19 <a href="http://www.apache.org/">Apache</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/">HTTP Server</a> > <a href="http://httpd.apache.org/docs/">Documentation</a> > <a href="./">Version 2.0</a></div><div id="page-content"><div id="preamble"><h1>Binding</h1>
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29 <p>Configuring Apache to listen on specific addresses and ports.</p>
31 <div id="quickview"><ul id="toc"><li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
32 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></li>
33 <li><img alt="" src="./images/down.gif" /> <a href="#virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></li>
34 </ul><h3>See also</h3><ul class="seealso"><li><a href="vhosts/">Virtual Hosts</a></li><li><a href="dns-caveats.html">DNS Issues</a></li></ul></div>
35 <div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
37 <h2><a name="overview" id="overview">Overview</a></h2>
40 <table class="related"><tr><th>Related Modules</th><th>Related Directives</th></tr><tr><td><ul><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/core.html">core</a></code></li><li><code class="module"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html">mpm_common</a></code></li></ul></td><td><ul><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code></li><li><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code></li></ul></td></tr></table>
43 <p>When Apache starts, it binds to some port and address on
44 the local machine and waits for incoming requests. By default,
45 it listens to all addresses on the machine. However, it needs to
46 be told to listen on specific ports, or to listen on only selected
47 addresses, or a combination. This is often combined with the
48 Virtual Host feature which determines how Apache responds to
49 different IP addresses, hostnames and ports.</p>
51 <p>The <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
52 directive tells the server to accept
53 incoming requests only on the specified port or
54 address-and-port combinations. If only a port number is
55 specified in the <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
57 listens to the given port on all interfaces. If an IP address
58 is given as well as a port, the server will listen on the given
59 port and interface. Multiple <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives may be used to
60 specify a number of addresses and ports to listen on. The
61 server will respond to requests from any of the listed
62 addresses and ports.</p>
64 <p>For example, to make the server accept connections on both
65 port 80 and port 8000, use:</p>
67 <div class="example"><p><code>
72 <p>To make the server accept connections on two specified
73 interfaces and port numbers, use</p>
75 <div class="example"><p><code>
76 Listen 192.170.2.1:80<br />
77 Listen 192.170.2.5:8000
80 <p>IPv6 addresses must be surrounded in square brackets, as in the
81 following example:</p>
83 <div class="example"><p><code>
84 Listen [2001:db8::a00:20ff:fea7:ccea]:80
86 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
88 <h2><a name="ipv6" id="ipv6">Special IPv6 Considerations</a></h2>
91 <p>A growing number of platforms implement IPv6, and APR supports
92 IPv6 on most of these platforms, allowing Apache to allocate IPv6
93 sockets and handle requests which were sent over IPv6.</p>
95 <p>One complicating factor for Apache administrators is whether or
96 not an IPv6 socket can handle both IPv4 connections and IPv6
97 connections. Handling IPv4 connections with an IPv6 socket uses
98 IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses, which are allowed by default on most
99 platforms but are disallowed by default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
100 OpenBSD in order to match the system-wide policy on those
101 platforms. But even on systems where it is disallowed by default, a
102 special <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> parameter can change this behavior
105 <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections with a
106 minimum of sockets, which requires using IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses,
107 specify the <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code>
108 option and use generic <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code>
109 directives like the following:</p>
111 <div class="example"><p><code>
115 <p>With <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code>, the Listen directives in the
116 default configuration file created by Apache will use this form.
117 <code>--enable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on all platforms but
118 FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, so this is probably how your Apache was
121 <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 connections only, regardless of
122 what your platform and APR will support, specify an IPv4 address on all
123 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> directives, as in the
124 following examples:</p>
126 <div class="example"><p><code>
127 Listen 0.0.0.0:80<br />
128 Listen 192.170.2.1:80
131 <p>If you want Apache to handle IPv4 and IPv6 connections on separate
132 sockets (i.e., to disable IPv4-mapped addresses), specify the
133 <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> <code class="program"><a href="./programs/configure.html">configure</a></code> option and
134 use specific Listen directives like the following:</p>
136 <div class="example"><p><code>
141 <p>With <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code>, the Listen directives in the
142 default configuration file created by Apache will use this form.
143 <code>--disable-v4-mapped</code> is the default on FreeBSD, NetBSD, and
146 </div><div class="top"><a href="#page-header"><img alt="top" src="./images/up.gif" /></a></div>
147 <div class="section">
148 <h2><a name="virtualhost" id="virtualhost">How This Works With Virtual Hosts</a></h2>
151 <p><code class="directive"><a href="./mod/mpm_common.html#listen">Listen</a></code> does not implement
152 Virtual Hosts. It only tells the main server what addresses and ports to
153 listen to. If no <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> directives are used, the server will behave
154 the same for all accepted requests. However,
155 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
156 can be used to specify a different behavior
157 for one or more of the addresses and ports. To implement a
158 VirtualHost, the server must first be told to listen to the
159 address and port to be used. Then a
160 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code> section
161 should be created for a specified address and port to set the
162 behavior of this virtual host. Note that if the
163 <code class="directive"><a href="./mod/core.html#virtualhost"><VirtualHost></a></code>
164 is set for an address and port that the
165 server is not listening to, it cannot be accessed.</p>
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