2 * Based on arch/arm/mm/fault.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995 Linus Torvalds
5 * Copyright (C) 1995-2004 Russell King
6 * Copyright (C) 2012 ARM Ltd.
8 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
9 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
10 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
18 * along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
21 #include <linux/module.h>
22 #include <linux/signal.h>
24 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
25 #include <linux/init.h>
26 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
27 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
28 #include <linux/page-flags.h>
29 #include <linux/sched.h>
30 #include <linux/highmem.h>
31 #include <linux/perf_event.h>
32 #include <linux/preempt.h>
35 #include <asm/cpufeature.h>
36 #include <asm/exception.h>
37 #include <asm/debug-monitors.h>
39 #include <asm/sysreg.h>
40 #include <asm/system_misc.h>
41 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
42 #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
44 static const char *fault_name(unsigned int esr);
47 * Dump out the page tables associated with 'addr' in mm 'mm'.
49 void show_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr)
56 pr_alert("pgd = %p\n", mm->pgd);
57 pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
58 pr_alert("[%08lx] *pgd=%016llx", addr, pgd_val(*pgd));
65 if (pgd_none(*pgd) || pgd_bad(*pgd))
68 pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
69 printk(", *pud=%016llx", pud_val(*pud));
70 if (pud_none(*pud) || pud_bad(*pud))
73 pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
74 printk(", *pmd=%016llx", pmd_val(*pmd));
75 if (pmd_none(*pmd) || pmd_bad(*pmd))
78 pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
79 printk(", *pte=%016llx", pte_val(*pte));
86 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_HW_AFDBM
88 * This function sets the access flags (dirty, accessed), as well as write
89 * permission, and only to a more permissive setting.
91 * It needs to cope with hardware update of the accessed/dirty state by other
92 * agents in the system and can safely skip the __sync_icache_dcache() call as,
93 * like set_pte_at(), the PTE is never changed from no-exec to exec here.
95 * Returns whether or not the PTE actually changed.
97 int ptep_set_access_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
98 unsigned long address, pte_t *ptep,
99 pte_t entry, int dirty)
104 if (pte_same(*ptep, entry))
107 /* only preserve the access flags and write permission */
108 pte_val(entry) &= PTE_AF | PTE_WRITE | PTE_DIRTY;
111 * PTE_RDONLY is cleared by default in the asm below, so set it in
112 * back if necessary (read-only or clean PTE).
114 if (!pte_write(entry) || !pte_sw_dirty(entry))
115 pte_val(entry) |= PTE_RDONLY;
118 * Setting the flags must be done atomically to avoid racing with the
119 * hardware update of the access/dirty state.
121 asm volatile("// ptep_set_access_flags\n"
122 " prfm pstl1strm, %2\n"
124 " and %0, %0, %3 // clear PTE_RDONLY\n"
125 " orr %0, %0, %4 // set flags\n"
126 " stxr %w1, %0, %2\n"
128 : "=&r" (old_pteval), "=&r" (tmp), "+Q" (pte_val(*ptep))
129 : "L" (~PTE_RDONLY), "r" (pte_val(entry)));
131 flush_tlb_fix_spurious_fault(vma, address);
137 * The kernel tried to access some page that wasn't present.
139 static void __do_kernel_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
140 unsigned int esr, struct pt_regs *regs)
143 * Are we prepared to handle this kernel fault?
145 if (fixup_exception(regs))
149 * No handler, we'll have to terminate things with extreme prejudice.
152 pr_alert("Unable to handle kernel %s at virtual address %08lx\n",
153 (addr < PAGE_SIZE) ? "NULL pointer dereference" :
154 "paging request", addr);
157 die("Oops", regs, esr);
163 * Something tried to access memory that isn't in our memory map. User mode
164 * accesses just cause a SIGSEGV
166 static void __do_user_fault(struct task_struct *tsk, unsigned long addr,
167 unsigned int esr, unsigned int sig, int code,
168 struct pt_regs *regs)
172 if (unhandled_signal(tsk, sig) && show_unhandled_signals_ratelimited()) {
173 pr_info("%s[%d]: unhandled %s (%d) at 0x%08lx, esr 0x%03x\n",
174 tsk->comm, task_pid_nr(tsk), fault_name(esr), sig,
176 show_pte(tsk->mm, addr);
180 tsk->thread.fault_address = addr;
181 tsk->thread.fault_code = esr;
185 si.si_addr = (void __user *)addr;
186 force_sig_info(sig, &si, tsk);
189 static void do_bad_area(unsigned long addr, unsigned int esr, struct pt_regs *regs)
191 struct task_struct *tsk = current;
192 struct mm_struct *mm = tsk->active_mm;
195 * If we are in kernel mode at this point, we have no context to
196 * handle this fault with.
199 __do_user_fault(tsk, addr, esr, SIGSEGV, SEGV_MAPERR, regs);
201 __do_kernel_fault(mm, addr, esr, regs);
204 #define VM_FAULT_BADMAP 0x010000
205 #define VM_FAULT_BADACCESS 0x020000
207 #define ESR_LNX_EXEC (1 << 24)
209 static int __do_page_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
210 unsigned int mm_flags, unsigned long vm_flags,
211 struct task_struct *tsk)
213 struct vm_area_struct *vma;
216 vma = find_vma(mm, addr);
217 fault = VM_FAULT_BADMAP;
220 if (unlikely(vma->vm_start > addr))
224 * Ok, we have a good vm_area for this memory access, so we can handle
229 * Check that the permissions on the VMA allow for the fault which
230 * occurred. If we encountered a write or exec fault, we must have
231 * appropriate permissions, otherwise we allow any permission.
233 if (!(vma->vm_flags & vm_flags)) {
234 fault = VM_FAULT_BADACCESS;
238 return handle_mm_fault(mm, vma, addr & PAGE_MASK, mm_flags);
241 if (vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN && !expand_stack(vma, addr))
247 static int __kprobes do_page_fault(unsigned long addr, unsigned int esr,
248 struct pt_regs *regs)
250 struct task_struct *tsk;
251 struct mm_struct *mm;
252 int fault, sig, code;
253 unsigned long vm_flags = VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_EXEC;
254 unsigned int mm_flags = FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY | FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE;
259 /* Enable interrupts if they were enabled in the parent context. */
260 if (interrupts_enabled(regs))
264 * If we're in an interrupt or have no user context, we must not take
267 if (faulthandler_disabled() || !mm)
271 mm_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_USER;
273 if (esr & ESR_LNX_EXEC) {
275 } else if ((esr & ESR_ELx_WNR) && !(esr & ESR_ELx_CM)) {
277 mm_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
281 * PAN bit set implies the fault happened in kernel space, but not
282 * in the arch's user access functions.
284 if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_ARM64_PAN) && (regs->pstate & PSR_PAN_BIT))
288 * As per x86, we may deadlock here. However, since the kernel only
289 * validly references user space from well defined areas of the code,
290 * we can bug out early if this is from code which shouldn't.
292 if (!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)) {
293 if (!user_mode(regs) && !search_exception_tables(regs->pc))
296 down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
299 * The above down_read_trylock() might have succeeded in which
300 * case, we'll have missed the might_sleep() from down_read().
303 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM
304 if (!user_mode(regs) && !search_exception_tables(regs->pc))
309 fault = __do_page_fault(mm, addr, mm_flags, vm_flags, tsk);
312 * If we need to retry but a fatal signal is pending, handle the
313 * signal first. We do not need to release the mmap_sem because it
314 * would already be released in __lock_page_or_retry in mm/filemap.c.
316 if ((fault & VM_FAULT_RETRY) && fatal_signal_pending(current))
320 * Major/minor page fault accounting is only done on the initial
321 * attempt. If we go through a retry, it is extremely likely that the
322 * page will be found in page cache at that point.
325 perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS, 1, regs, addr);
326 if (mm_flags & FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY) {
327 if (fault & VM_FAULT_MAJOR) {
329 perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MAJ, 1, regs,
333 perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS_MIN, 1, regs,
336 if (fault & VM_FAULT_RETRY) {
338 * Clear FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY to avoid any risk of
341 mm_flags &= ~FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY;
342 mm_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED;
347 up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
350 * Handle the "normal" case first - VM_FAULT_MAJOR / VM_FAULT_MINOR
352 if (likely(!(fault & (VM_FAULT_ERROR | VM_FAULT_BADMAP |
353 VM_FAULT_BADACCESS))))
357 * If we are in kernel mode at this point, we have no context to
358 * handle this fault with.
360 if (!user_mode(regs))
363 if (fault & VM_FAULT_OOM) {
365 * We ran out of memory, call the OOM killer, and return to
366 * userspace (which will retry the fault, or kill us if we got
369 pagefault_out_of_memory();
373 if (fault & VM_FAULT_SIGBUS) {
375 * We had some memory, but were unable to successfully fix up
382 * Something tried to access memory that isn't in our memory
386 code = fault == VM_FAULT_BADACCESS ?
387 SEGV_ACCERR : SEGV_MAPERR;
390 __do_user_fault(tsk, addr, esr, sig, code, regs);
394 __do_kernel_fault(mm, addr, esr, regs);
399 * First Level Translation Fault Handler
401 * We enter here because the first level page table doesn't contain a valid
402 * entry for the address.
404 * If the address is in kernel space (>= TASK_SIZE), then we are probably
405 * faulting in the vmalloc() area.
407 * If the init_task's first level page tables contains the relevant entry, we
408 * copy the it to this task. If not, we send the process a signal, fixup the
409 * exception, or oops the kernel.
411 * NOTE! We MUST NOT take any locks for this case. We may be in an interrupt
412 * or a critical region, and should only copy the information from the master
413 * page table, nothing more.
415 static int __kprobes do_translation_fault(unsigned long addr,
417 struct pt_regs *regs)
419 if (addr < TASK_SIZE)
420 return do_page_fault(addr, esr, regs);
422 do_bad_area(addr, esr, regs);
427 * This abort handler always returns "fault".
429 static int do_bad(unsigned long addr, unsigned int esr, struct pt_regs *regs)
434 static struct fault_info {
435 int (*fn)(unsigned long addr, unsigned int esr, struct pt_regs *regs);
440 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "ttbr address size fault" },
441 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "level 1 address size fault" },
442 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "level 2 address size fault" },
443 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "level 3 address size fault" },
444 { do_translation_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_MAPERR, "level 0 translation fault" },
445 { do_translation_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_MAPERR, "level 1 translation fault" },
446 { do_translation_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_MAPERR, "level 2 translation fault" },
447 { do_page_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_MAPERR, "level 3 translation fault" },
448 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 8" },
449 { do_page_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_ACCERR, "level 1 access flag fault" },
450 { do_page_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_ACCERR, "level 2 access flag fault" },
451 { do_page_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_ACCERR, "level 3 access flag fault" },
452 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 12" },
453 { do_page_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_ACCERR, "level 1 permission fault" },
454 { do_page_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_ACCERR, "level 2 permission fault" },
455 { do_page_fault, SIGSEGV, SEGV_ACCERR, "level 3 permission fault" },
456 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous external abort" },
457 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 17" },
458 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 18" },
459 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 19" },
460 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous abort (translation table walk)" },
461 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous abort (translation table walk)" },
462 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous abort (translation table walk)" },
463 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous abort (translation table walk)" },
464 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous parity error" },
465 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 25" },
466 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 26" },
467 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 27" },
468 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous parity error (translation table walk)" },
469 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous parity error (translation table walk)" },
470 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous parity error (translation table walk)" },
471 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "synchronous parity error (translation table walk)" },
472 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 32" },
473 { do_bad, SIGBUS, BUS_ADRALN, "alignment fault" },
474 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 34" },
475 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 35" },
476 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 36" },
477 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 37" },
478 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 38" },
479 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 39" },
480 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 40" },
481 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 41" },
482 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 42" },
483 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 43" },
484 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 44" },
485 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 45" },
486 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 46" },
487 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 47" },
488 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "TLB conflict abort" },
489 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 49" },
490 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 50" },
491 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 51" },
492 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "implementation fault (lockdown abort)" },
493 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "implementation fault (unsupported exclusive)" },
494 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 54" },
495 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 55" },
496 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 56" },
497 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 57" },
498 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 58" },
499 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 59" },
500 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 60" },
501 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "section domain fault" },
502 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "page domain fault" },
503 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 63" },
506 static const char *fault_name(unsigned int esr)
508 const struct fault_info *inf = fault_info + (esr & 63);
513 * Dispatch a data abort to the relevant handler.
515 asmlinkage void __exception do_mem_abort(unsigned long addr, unsigned int esr,
516 struct pt_regs *regs)
518 const struct fault_info *inf = fault_info + (esr & 63);
521 if (!inf->fn(addr, esr, regs))
524 pr_alert("Unhandled fault: %s (0x%08x) at 0x%016lx\n",
525 inf->name, esr, addr);
527 info.si_signo = inf->sig;
529 info.si_code = inf->code;
530 info.si_addr = (void __user *)addr;
531 arm64_notify_die("", regs, &info, esr);
535 * Handle stack alignment exceptions.
537 asmlinkage void __exception do_sp_pc_abort(unsigned long addr,
539 struct pt_regs *regs)
542 struct task_struct *tsk = current;
544 if (show_unhandled_signals && unhandled_signal(tsk, SIGBUS))
545 pr_info_ratelimited("%s[%d]: %s exception: pc=%p sp=%p\n",
546 tsk->comm, task_pid_nr(tsk),
547 esr_get_class_string(esr), (void *)regs->pc,
550 info.si_signo = SIGBUS;
552 info.si_code = BUS_ADRALN;
553 info.si_addr = (void __user *)addr;
554 arm64_notify_die("Oops - SP/PC alignment exception", regs, &info, esr);
557 int __init early_brk64(unsigned long addr, unsigned int esr,
558 struct pt_regs *regs);
561 * __refdata because early_brk64 is __init, but the reference to it is
562 * clobbered at arch_initcall time.
563 * See traps.c and debug-monitors.c:debug_traps_init().
565 static struct fault_info __refdata debug_fault_info[] = {
566 { do_bad, SIGTRAP, TRAP_HWBKPT, "hardware breakpoint" },
567 { do_bad, SIGTRAP, TRAP_HWBKPT, "hardware single-step" },
568 { do_bad, SIGTRAP, TRAP_HWBKPT, "hardware watchpoint" },
569 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 3" },
570 { do_bad, SIGTRAP, TRAP_BRKPT, "aarch32 BKPT" },
571 { do_bad, SIGTRAP, 0, "aarch32 vector catch" },
572 { early_brk64, SIGTRAP, TRAP_BRKPT, "aarch64 BRK" },
573 { do_bad, SIGBUS, 0, "unknown 7" },
576 void __init hook_debug_fault_code(int nr,
577 int (*fn)(unsigned long, unsigned int, struct pt_regs *),
578 int sig, int code, const char *name)
580 BUG_ON(nr < 0 || nr >= ARRAY_SIZE(debug_fault_info));
582 debug_fault_info[nr].fn = fn;
583 debug_fault_info[nr].sig = sig;
584 debug_fault_info[nr].code = code;
585 debug_fault_info[nr].name = name;
588 asmlinkage int __exception do_debug_exception(unsigned long addr,
590 struct pt_regs *regs)
592 const struct fault_info *inf = debug_fault_info + DBG_ESR_EVT(esr);
595 if (!inf->fn(addr, esr, regs))
598 pr_alert("Unhandled debug exception: %s (0x%08x) at 0x%016lx\n",
599 inf->name, esr, addr);
601 info.si_signo = inf->sig;
603 info.si_code = inf->code;
604 info.si_addr = (void __user *)addr;
605 arm64_notify_die("", regs, &info, 0);
610 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM64_PAN
611 int cpu_enable_pan(void *__unused)
614 * We modify PSTATE. This won't work from irq context as the PSTATE
615 * is discarded once we return from the exception.
617 WARN_ON_ONCE(in_interrupt());
619 config_sctlr_el1(SCTLR_EL1_SPAN, 0);
620 asm(SET_PSTATE_PAN(1));
623 #endif /* CONFIG_ARM64_PAN */