apex/overcloud/overcloud_deploy.py

   1 ##############################################################################
   2 # Copyright (c) 2017 Tim Rozet (trozet@redhat.com) and others.
   3 #
   4 # All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials
   5 # are made available under the terms of the Apache License, Version 2.0
   6 # which accompanies this distribution, and is available at
   7 # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   8 ##############################################################################
   9
  10 import base64
  11 import fileinput
  12 import logging
  13 import os
  14 import re
  15 import shutil
  16 import uuid
  17 import struct
  18 import time
  19
  20 from apex.common import constants as con
  21 from apex.common.exceptions import ApexDeployException
  22 from apex.common import parsers
  23 from apex.virtual import virtual_utils as virt_utils
  24 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization as \
  25     crypto_serialization
  26 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import rsa
  27 from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend as \
  28     crypto_default_backend
  29
  30
  31 SDN_FILE_MAP = {
  32     'opendaylight': {
  33         'sfc': 'opendaylight_sfc.yaml',
  34         'vpn': 'neutron-bgpvpn-opendaylight.yaml',
  35         'gluon': 'gluon.yaml',
  36         'vpp': {
  37             'odl_vpp_netvirt': 'neutron-opendaylight-netvirt-vpp.yaml',
  38             'default': 'neutron-opendaylight-honeycomb.yaml'
  39         },
  40         'default': 'neutron-opendaylight.yaml',
  41     },
  42     'onos': {
  43         'sfc': 'neutron-onos-sfc.yaml',
  44         'default': 'neutron-onos.yaml'
  45     },
  46     'ovn': 'neutron-ml2-ovn.yaml',
  47     False: {
  48         'vpp': 'neutron-ml2-vpp.yaml',
  49         'dataplane': ('ovs_dpdk', 'neutron-ovs-dpdk.yaml')
  50     }
  51 }
  52
  53 OTHER_FILE_MAP = {
  54     'tacker': 'enable_tacker.yaml',
  55     'congress': 'enable_congress.yaml',
  56     'barometer': 'enable_barometer.yaml',
  57     'rt_kvm': 'enable_rt_kvm.yaml'
  58 }
  59
  60 OVS_PERF_MAP = {
  61     'HostCpusList': 'dpdk_cores',
  62     'NeutronDpdkCoreList': 'pmd_cores',
  63     'NeutronDpdkSocketMemory': 'socket_memory',
  64     'NeutronDpdkMemoryChannels': 'memory_channels'
  65 }
  66
  67 OVS_NSH_KMOD_RPM = "openvswitch-kmod-2.6.1-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm"
  68 OVS_NSH_RPM = "openvswitch-2.6.1-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm"
  69 ODL_NETVIRT_VPP_RPM = "/root/opendaylight-7.0.0-0.1.20170531snap665.el7" \
  70                       ".noarch.rpm"
  71
  72
  73 def build_sdn_env_list(ds, sdn_map, env_list=None):
  74     if env_list is None:
  75         env_list = list()
  76     for k, v in sdn_map.items():
  77         if ds['sdn_controller'] == k or (k in ds and ds[k] is True):
  78             if isinstance(v, dict):
  79                 env_list.extend(build_sdn_env_list(ds, v))
  80             else:
  81                 env_list.append(os.path.join(con.THT_ENV_DIR, v))
  82         elif isinstance(v, tuple):
  83                 if ds[k] == v[0]:
  84                     env_list.append(os.path.join(con.THT_ENV_DIR, v[1]))
  85     if len(env_list) == 0:
  86         try:
  87             env_list.append(os.path.join(
  88                 con.THT_ENV_DIR, sdn_map[ds['sdn_controller']]['default']))
  89         except KeyError:
  90             logging.warning("Unable to find default file for SDN")
  91
  92     return env_list
  93
  94
  95 def create_deploy_cmd(ds, ns, inv, tmp_dir,
  96                       virtual, env_file='opnfv-environment.yaml'):
  97
  98     logging.info("Creating deployment command")
  99     deploy_options = [env_file, 'network-environment.yaml']
 100     ds_opts = ds['deploy_options']
 101     deploy_options += build_sdn_env_list(ds_opts, SDN_FILE_MAP)
 102
 103     # TODO(trozet): make sure rt kvm file is in tht dir
 104     for k, v in OTHER_FILE_MAP.items():
 105         if k in ds_opts and ds_opts[k]:
 106             deploy_options.append(os.path.join(con.THT_ENV_DIR, v))
 107
 108     if ds_opts['ceph']:
 109         prep_storage_env(ds, tmp_dir)
 110         deploy_options.append(os.path.join(con.THT_ENV_DIR,
 111                                            'storage-environment.yaml'))
 112     if ds['global_params']['ha_enabled']:
 113         deploy_options.append(os.path.join(con.THT_ENV_DIR,
 114                                            'puppet-pacemaker.yaml'))
 115
 116     if virtual:
 117         deploy_options.append('virtual-environment.yaml')
 118     else:
 119         deploy_options.append('baremetal-environment.yaml')
 120
 121     nodes = inv['nodes']
 122     num_control = 0
 123     num_compute = 0
 124     for node in nodes:
 125         if node['capabilities'] == 'profile:control':
 126             num_control += 1
 127         elif node['capabilities'] == 'profile:compute':
 128             num_compute += 1
 129         else:
 130             # TODO(trozet) do we want to allow capabilities to not exist?
 131             logging.error("Every node must include a 'capabilities' key "
 132                           "tagged with either 'profile:control' or "
 133                           "'profile:compute'")
 134             raise ApexDeployException("Node missing capabilities "
 135                                       "key: {}".format(node))
 136     if num_control == 0 or num_compute == 0:
 137         logging.error("Detected 0 control or compute nodes.  Control nodes: "
 138                       "{}, compute nodes{}".format(num_control, num_compute))
 139         raise ApexDeployException("Invalid number of control or computes")
 140     elif num_control > 1 and not ds['global_params']['ha_enabled']:
 141         num_control = 1
 142     cmd = "openstack overcloud deploy --templates --timeout {} " \
 143           "--libvirt-type kvm".format(con.DEPLOY_TIMEOUT)
 144     # build cmd env args
 145     for option in deploy_options:
 146         cmd += " -e {}".format(option)
 147     cmd += " --ntp-server {}".format(ns['ntp'][0])
 148     cmd += " --control-scale {}".format(num_control)
 149     cmd += " --compute-scale {}".format(num_compute)
 150     cmd += ' --control-flavor control --compute-flavor compute'
 151     logging.info("Deploy command set: {}".format(cmd))
 152
 153     with open(os.path.join(tmp_dir, 'deploy_command'), 'w') as fh:
 154         fh.write(cmd)
 155     return cmd
 156
 157
 158 def prep_image(ds, img, tmp_dir, root_pw=None):
 159     """
 160     Locates sdn image and preps for deployment.
 161     :param ds: deploy settings
 162     :param img: sdn image
 163     :param tmp_dir: dir to store modified sdn image
 164     :param root_pw: password to configure for overcloud image
 165     :return: None
 166     """
 167     # TODO(trozet): Come up with a better way to organize this logic in this
 168     # function
 169     logging.info("Preparing image: {} for deployment".format(img))
 170     if not os.path.isfile(img):
 171         logging.error("Missing SDN image {}".format(img))
 172         raise ApexDeployException("Missing SDN image file: {}".format(img))
 173
 174     ds_opts = ds['deploy_options']
 175     virt_cmds = list()
 176     sdn = ds_opts['sdn_controller']
 177     # we need this due to rhbz #1436021
 178     # fixed in systemd-219-37.el7
 179     if sdn is not False:
 180         logging.info("Neutron openvswitch-agent disabled")
 181         virt_cmds.extend([{
 182             con.VIRT_RUN_CMD:
 183                 "rm -f /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/"
 184                 "neutron-openvswitch-agent.service"},
 185             {
 186             con.VIRT_RUN_CMD:
 187                 "rm -f /usr/lib/systemd/system/neutron-openvswitch-agent"
 188                 ".service"
 189         }])
 190
 191     if ds_opts['vpn']:
 192         virt_cmds.append({con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "systemctl enable zrpcd"})
 193         logging.info("ZRPC and Quagga enabled")
 194
 195     dataplane = ds_opts['dataplane']
 196     if dataplane == 'ovs_dpdk' or dataplane == 'fdio':
 197         logging.info("Enabling kernel modules for dpdk")
 198         # file to module mapping
 199         uio_types = {
 200             os.path.join(tmp_dir, 'vfio_pci.modules'): 'vfio_pci',
 201             os.path.join(tmp_dir, 'uio_pci_generic.modules'): 'uio_pci_generic'
 202         }
 203         for mod_file, mod in uio_types.items():
 204             with open(mod_file, 'w') as fh:
 205                 fh.write('#!/bin/bash\n')
 206                 fh.write('exec /sbin/modprobe {}'.format(mod))
 207                 fh.close()
 208
 209             virt_cmds.extend([
 210                 {con.VIRT_UPLOAD: "{}:/etc/sysconfig/modules/".format(
 211                     mod_file)},
 212                 {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "chmod 0755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/"
 213                                    "{}".format(os.path.basename(mod_file))}
 214             ])
 215     if root_pw:
 216         pw_op = "password:{}".format(root_pw)
 217         virt_cmds.append({con.VIRT_PW: pw_op})
 218     if ds_opts['sfc'] and dataplane == 'ovs':
 219         virt_cmds.extend([
 220             {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "yum -y install "
 221                                "/root/ovs/rpm/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/"
 222                                "{}".format(OVS_NSH_KMOD_RPM)},
 223             {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "yum upgrade -y "
 224                                "/root/ovs/rpm/rpmbuild/RPMS/x86_64/"
 225                                "{}".format(OVS_NSH_RPM)}
 226         ])
 227     if dataplane == 'fdio':
 228         # Patch neutron with using OVS external interface for router
 229         # and add generic linux NS interface driver
 230         virt_cmds.append(
 231             {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "cd /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages && patch "
 232                                "-p1 < neutron-patch-NSDriver.patch"})
 233
 234     if sdn == 'opendaylight':
 235         if ds_opts['odl_version'] != con.DEFAULT_ODL_VERSION:
 236             virt_cmds.extend([
 237                 {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "yum -y remove opendaylight"},
 238                 {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "yum -y install /root/{}/*".format(
 239                     con.DEFAULT_ODL_VERSION)},
 240                 {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "rm -rf /etc/puppet/modules/opendaylight"},
 241                 {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "cd /etc/puppet/modules && tar xzf "
 242                                    "/root/puppet-opendaylight-"
 243                                    "{}.tar.gz".format(ds_opts['odl_version'])}
 244             ])
 245         elif sdn == 'opendaylight' and 'odl_vpp_netvirt' in ds_opts \
 246                 and ds_opts['odl_vpp_netvirt']:
 247             virt_cmds.extend([
 248                 {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "yum -y remove opendaylight"},
 249                 {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "yum -y install /root/{}/*".format(
 250                     ODL_NETVIRT_VPP_RPM)}
 251             ])
 252
 253     if sdn == 'ovn':
 254         virt_cmds.extend([
 255             {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "cd /root/ovs28 && yum update -y "
 256                                "*openvswitch*"},
 257             {con.VIRT_RUN_CMD: "cd /root/ovs28 && yum downgrade -y "
 258                                "*openvswitch*"}
 259         ])
 260
 261     tmp_oc_image = os.path.join(tmp_dir, 'overcloud-full.qcow2')
 262     shutil.copyfile(img, tmp_oc_image)
 263     logging.debug("Temporary overcloud image stored as: {}".format(
 264         tmp_oc_image))
 265     virt_utils.virt_customize(virt_cmds, tmp_oc_image)
 266     logging.info("Overcloud image customization complete")
 267
 268
 269 def make_ssh_key():
 270     """
 271     Creates public and private ssh keys with 1024 bit RSA encryption
 272     :return: private, public key
 273     """
 274     key = rsa.generate_private_key(
 275         backend=crypto_default_backend(),
 276         public_exponent=65537,
 277         key_size=1024
 278     )
 279
 280     private_key = key.private_bytes(
 281         crypto_serialization.Encoding.PEM,
 282         crypto_serialization.PrivateFormat.PKCS8,
 283         crypto_serialization.NoEncryption())
 284     public_key = key.public_key().public_bytes(
 285         crypto_serialization.Encoding.OpenSSH,
 286         crypto_serialization.PublicFormat.OpenSSH
 287     )
 288     pub_key = re.sub('ssh-rsa\s*', '', public_key.decode('utf-8'))
 289     return private_key.decode('utf-8'), pub_key
 290
 291
 292 def prep_env(ds, ns, opnfv_env, net_env, tmp_dir):
 293     """
 294     Creates modified opnfv/network environments for deployment
 295     :param ds: deploy settings
 296     :param ns: network settings
 297     :param opnfv_env: file path for opnfv-environment file
 298     :param net_env: file path for network-environment file
 299     :param tmp_dir: Apex tmp dir
 300     :return:
 301     """
 302
 303     logging.info("Preparing opnfv-environment and network-environment files")
 304     ds_opts = ds['deploy_options']
 305     tmp_opnfv_env = os.path.join(tmp_dir, os.path.basename(opnfv_env))
 306     shutil.copyfile(opnfv_env, tmp_opnfv_env)
 307     tenant_nic_map = ns['networks']['tenant']['nic_mapping']
 308     tenant_ctrl_nic = tenant_nic_map['controller']['members'][0]
 309     tenant_comp_nic = tenant_nic_map['compute']['members'][0]
 310
 311     # SSH keys
 312     private_key, public_key = make_ssh_key()
 313
 314     # Make easier/faster variables to index in the file editor
 315     if 'performance' in ds_opts:
 316         perf = True
 317         # vpp
 318         if 'vpp' in ds_opts['performance']['Compute']:
 319             perf_vpp_comp = ds_opts['performance']['Compute']['vpp']
 320         else:
 321             perf_vpp_comp = None
 322         if 'vpp' in ds_opts['performance']['Controller']:
 323             perf_vpp_ctrl = ds_opts['performance']['Controller']['vpp']
 324         else:
 325             perf_vpp_ctrl = None
 326
 327         # ovs
 328         if 'ovs' in ds_opts['performance']['Compute']:
 329             perf_ovs_comp = ds_opts['performance']['Compute']['ovs']
 330         else:
 331             perf_ovs_comp = None
 332
 333         # kernel
 334         if 'kernel' in ds_opts['performance']['Compute']:
 335             perf_kern_comp = ds_opts['performance']['Compute']['kernel']
 336         else:
 337             perf_kern_comp = None
 338     else:
 339         perf = False
 340
 341     # Modify OPNFV environment
 342     # TODO: Change to build a dict and outputing yaml rather than parsing
 343     for line in fileinput.input(tmp_opnfv_env, inplace=True):
 344         line = line.strip('\n')
 345         output_line = line
 346         if 'CloudDomain' in line:
 347             output_line = "  CloudDomain: {}".format(ns['domain_name'])
 348         elif 'replace_private_key' in line:
 349             output_line = "      key: '{}'".format(private_key)
 350         elif 'replace_public_key' in line:
 351             output_line = "      key: '{}'".format(public_key)
 352
 353         if ds_opts['sdn_controller'] == 'opendaylight' and \
 354                 'odl_vpp_routing_node' in ds_opts and ds_opts[
 355                 'odl_vpp_routing_node'] != 'dvr':
 356             if 'opendaylight::vpp_routing_node' in line:
 357                 output_line = ("    opendaylight::vpp_routing_node: ${}.${}"
 358                                .format(ds_opts['odl_vpp_routing_node'],
 359                                        ns['domain_name']))
 360             elif 'ControllerExtraConfig' in line:
 361                 output_line = ("  ControllerExtraConfig:\n    "
 362                                "tripleo::profile::base::neutron::agents::"
 363                                "honeycomb::interface_role_mapping:"
 364                                " ['{}:tenant-interface]'"
 365                                .format(tenant_ctrl_nic))
 366             elif 'NovaComputeExtraConfig' in line:
 367                 output_line = ("  NovaComputeExtraConfig:\n    "
 368                                "tripleo::profile::base::neutron::agents::"
 369                                "honeycomb::interface_role_mapping:"
 370                                " ['{}:tenant-interface]'"
 371                                .format(tenant_comp_nic))
 372         elif not ds_opts['sdn_controller'] and ds_opts['dataplane'] == 'fdio':
 373             if 'NeutronVPPAgentPhysnets' in line:
 374                 output_line = ("  NeutronVPPAgentPhysnets: 'datacentre:{}'".
 375                                format(tenant_ctrl_nic))
 376
 377         if perf:
 378             for role in 'NovaCompute', 'Controller':
 379                 if role == 'NovaCompute':
 380                     perf_opts = perf_vpp_comp
 381                 else:
 382                     perf_opts = perf_vpp_ctrl
 383                 cfg = "{}ExtraConfig".format(role)
 384                 if cfg in line and perf_opts:
 385                     perf_line = ''
 386                     if 'main-core' in perf_opts:
 387                         perf_line += ("\n    fdio::vpp_cpu_main_core: '{}'"
 388                                       .format(perf_opts['main-core']))
 389                     if 'corelist-workers' in perf_opts:
 390                         perf_line += ("\n    "
 391                                       "fdio::vpp_cpu_corelist_workers: '{}'"
 392                                       .format(perf_opts['corelist-workers']))
 393                     if perf_line:
 394                         output_line = ("  {}:{}".format(cfg, perf_line))
 395
 396             # kernel args
 397             # (FIXME) use compute's kernel settings for all nodes for now.
 398             if 'ComputeKernelArgs' in line and perf_kern_comp:
 399                 kernel_args = ''
 400                 for k, v in perf_kern_comp.items():
 401                     kernel_args += "{}={} ".format(k, v)
 402                 if kernel_args:
 403                     output_line = "  ComputeKernelArgs: '{}'".\
 404                         format(kernel_args)
 405             elif ds_opts['dataplane'] == 'ovs_dpdk' and perf_ovs_comp:
 406                 for k, v in OVS_PERF_MAP.items():
 407                     if k in line and v in perf_ovs_comp:
 408                         output_line = "  {}: {}".format(k, perf_ovs_comp[v])
 409
 410         print(output_line)
 411
 412     logging.info("opnfv-environment file written to {}".format(tmp_opnfv_env))
 413
 414     # Modify Network environment
 415     for line in fileinput.input(net_env, inplace=True):
 416         line = line.strip('\n')
 417         if ds_opts['dataplane'] == 'ovs_dpdk':
 418             if 'ComputeExtraConfigPre' in line:
 419                 print('  OS::TripleO::ComputeExtraConfigPre: '
 420                       './ovs-dpdk-preconfig.yaml')
 421             else:
 422                 print(line)
 423         elif perf and perf_kern_comp:
 424             if 'resource_registry' in line:
 425                 print("resource_registry:\n"
 426                       "  OS::TripleO::NodeUserData: first-boot.yaml")
 427             elif 'NovaSchedulerDefaultFilters' in line:
 428                 print("  NovaSchedulerDefaultFilters: 'RamFilter,"
 429                       "ComputeFilter,AvailabilityZoneFilter,"
 430                       "ComputeCapabilitiesFilter,ImagePropertiesFilter,"
 431                       "NUMATopologyFilter'")
 432             else:
 433                 print(line)
 434         else:
 435             print(line)
 436
 437     logging.info("network-environment file written to {}".format(net_env))
 438
 439
 440 def generate_ceph_key():
 441     key = os.urandom(16)
 442     header = struct.pack('<hiih', 1, int(time.time()), 0, len(key))
 443     return base64.b64encode(header + key)
 444
 445
 446 def prep_storage_env(ds, tmp_dir):
 447     """
 448     Creates storage environment file for deployment.  Source file is copied by
 449     undercloud playbook to host.
 450     :param ds:
 451     :param tmp_dir:
 452     :return:
 453     """
 454     ds_opts = ds['deploy_options']
 455     storage_file = os.path.join(tmp_dir, 'storage-environment.yaml')
 456     if not os.path.isfile(storage_file):
 457         logging.error("storage-environment file is not in tmp directory: {}. "
 458                       "Check if file was copied from "
 459                       "undercloud".format(tmp_dir))
 460         raise ApexDeployException("storage-environment file not copied from "
 461                                   "undercloud")
 462     for line in fileinput.input(storage_file, inplace=True):
 463         line = line.strip('\n')
 464         if 'CephClusterFSID' in line:
 465             print("  CephClusterFSID: {}".format(str(uuid.uuid4())))
 466         elif 'CephMonKey' in line:
 467             print("  CephMonKey: {}".format(generate_ceph_key().decode(
 468                 'utf-8')))
 469         elif 'CephAdminKey' in line:
 470             print("  CephAdminKey: {}".format(generate_ceph_key().decode(
 471                 'utf-8')))
 472         else:
 473             print(line)
 474     if 'ceph_device' in ds_opts and ds_opts['ceph_device']:
 475         with open(storage_file, 'a') as fh:
 476             fh.write('  ExtraConfig:\n')
 477             fh.write("    ceph::profile::params::osds:{{{}:{{}}}}\n".format(
 478                 ds_opts['ceph_device']
 479             ))
 480
 481
 482 def external_network_cmds(ns):
 483     """
 484     Generates external network openstack commands
 485     :param ns: network settings
 486     :return: list of commands to configure external network
 487     """
 488     if 'external' in ns.enabled_network_list:
 489         net_config = ns['networks']['external'][0]
 490         external = True
 491         pool_start, pool_end = net_config['floating_ip_range']
 492     else:
 493         net_config = ns['networks']['admin']
 494         external = False
 495         pool_start, pool_end = ns['apex']['networks']['admin'][
 496             'introspection_range']
 497     nic_config = net_config['nic_mapping']
 498     gateway = net_config['gateway']
 499     cmds = list()
 500     # create network command
 501     if nic_config['compute']['vlan'] == 'native':
 502         ext_type = 'flat'
 503     else:
 504         ext_type = "vlan --provider-segment {}".format(nic_config[
 505                                                        'compute']['vlan'])
 506     cmds.append("openstack network create external --project service "
 507                 "--external --provider-network-type {} "
 508                 "--provider-physical-network datacentre".format(ext_type))
 509     # create subnet command
 510     cidr = net_config['cidr']
 511     subnet_cmd = "openstack subnet create external-subnet --project " \
 512                  "service --network external --no-dhcp --gateway {} " \
 513                  "--allocation-pool start={},end={} --subnet-range " \
 514                  "{}".format(gateway, pool_start, pool_end, str(cidr))
 515     if external and cidr.version == 6:
 516         subnet_cmd += ' --ip-version 6 --ipv6-ra-mode slaac ' \
 517                       '--ipv6-address-mode slaac'
 518     cmds.append(subnet_cmd)
 519     logging.debug("Neutron external network commands determined "
 520                   "as: {}".format(cmds))
 521     return cmds
 522
 523
 524 def create_congress_cmds(overcloud_file):
 525     drivers = ['nova', 'neutronv2', 'cinder', 'glancev2', 'keystone', 'doctor']
 526     overcloudrc = parsers.parse_overcloudrc(overcloud_file)
 527     logging.info("Creating congress commands")
 528     try:
 529         ds_cfg = [
 530             "username={}".format(overcloudrc['OS_USERNAME']),
 531             "tenant_name={}".format(overcloudrc['OS_PROJECT_NAME']),
 532             "password={}".format(overcloudrc['OS_PASSWORD']),
 533             "auth_url={}".format(overcloudrc['OS_AUTH_URL'])
 534         ]
 535     except KeyError:
 536         logging.error("Unable to find all keys required for congress in "
 537                       "overcloudrc: OS_USERNAME, OS_PROJECT_NAME, "
 538                       "OS_PASSWORD, OS_AUTH_URL.  Please check overcloudrc "
 539                       "file: {}".format(overcloud_file))
 540         raise
 541     cmds = list()
 542     ds_cfg = '--config ' + ' --config '.join(ds_cfg)
 543
 544     for driver in drivers:
 545         if driver == 'doctor':
 546             cmd = "{} \"{}\"".format(driver, driver)
 547         else:
 548             cmd = "{} \"{}\" {}".format(driver, driver, ds_cfg)
 549         if driver == 'nova':
 550             cmd += '--config api_version="2.34"'
 551         logging.debug("Congress command created: {}".format(cmd))
 552         cmds.append(cmd)
 553     return cmds